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24 results for “Armadillidium”
Data from: A generalized distribution interpolated between the exponential and power law distributions and applied to pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare) walking data
<p>The walking pattern of an organism is typically designated as either a Lévy walk or a Brownian walk based on whether the frequency distribution of its linear step lengths follows a power law distribution or an exponential distribution. However, there are many cases where actual data cannot be classified into either of these categories. In this paper, we propose a general distribution that includes the power law and exponential distributions as special cases. This distribution has two parameters: one parameter represents the exponent, similar to the power law and exponential distributions, and the other is a shape parameter representing the shape of the distribution. By introducing this distribution, an intermediate distribution model can be interpolated between the power law and exponential distributions. In this study, the proposed distribution was fitted to the frequency distribution of the step length calculated from the walking data of pill bugs. The autocorrelation coefficients were also calculated from the time-series data of the step length, and the relationship between the shape parameter and time dependency was investigated. The results indicate that individuals whose step length frequency distributions are closer to the power law distribution have stronger time dependence.</p> <p>C++ program for parameter estimation of generalized distributions and source code for statistical analysis using R.</p>
FIGURE 7 in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 7. Armadillidium galiciense. Slide of the Holotype. A. Pleopods 1 ♂ and Genital papilla (one exopod missing). B. Pleopods 2 ♂. C. Pereopod 1 ♂. D. Pereopod 7 ♂. E. Detail of label (scale bars: A–B, 0.65 mm; C–D, 0.75 mm).
FIGURE 6 in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 6. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. ♂ (CLLG 1180, Paratype) and ♀ (CLLG 1180—B, Paratype). A. Pleopod 1 ♂. B. Pleopod 2 ♂. C. Pleopod 1 ♀. D. Pleopod 2 ♀. E–G. ♂ Pleopods 3–5 exopods (scale bars: A–G, 0.5 mm; details of A–B, 0.05 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 4. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. ♂ (CLLG 1180, Paratype). A. Dorsal cuticular cavities and scale-setae. B. Cephalon, frontal view. C. Cephalon, dorsal view. D. Pleon and pleotelson, dorsal view. E. First antenna. F. Second antenna. G. Left mandible. H. Right mandible. I–J. Maxillula, distal portions of outer and inner branches (scale bars: A, 0.05 mm; B–D, 1 mm; E, 0.05 mm; F, 0.5 mm; G–H, 0.2 mm; I–J, 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 5 in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 5. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. ♂ (CLLG 1180, Paratype). A. Maxilla, distal portion. B. Maxilliped, distal portion. C. Left uropod. D. Pereopod 1. E–F. Pereopod 7 (scale bars: A–B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D–F, 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 3. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. (JC708). A. Preserved specimen, lateral view. B. Cephalon, dorsal view. C. Pleon, telson and uropods, dorsal view. D. Pereopod 1 ♂. E. Pereopod 7 ♂. F. Pleopod 1 Endopod ♂ with a magnification of the merus (arrow). G. Pleopod 1 Exopod ♂. H. Pleopod 2 Exopod ♂ (scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–H, 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 2. A in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 2. A. Alive specimen of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. in their habitat. B. Specimen rolling in a perfect ball after disturbance. (Photos: G. Sánchez Jardón).
FIGURE 1. A in Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae)
FIGURE 1. A. Distribution of Armadillidium species in Asturias (red, within Spain seen in darker blue). B. Habitat of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. in Os Chaos (Boal, Asturias). C. A more detailed photograph of the rocky wall where A. boalense sp. nov. specimens were found. D. Distribution of Armadillidium species in the group 'pictum' in northern Iberian Peninsula with the provinces with available data of northern Spain in gray. In both maps: New records (★) and bibliographic records (●). A. album (blue), A. assimile (orange), A. boalense sp. nov. (red), A. galiciense (green), A. nasatum (pink), A. pictum (purple), cf. A. pictum (purple?) and A. vulgare (black).
Data from: A generalized distribution interpolated between the exponential and power law distributions and applied to pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare) walking data
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Data from: Multiple paternity in a wild population of Armadillidium vulgare: influence of infection with Wolbachia?
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Data from: Effects of parasitic sex-ratio distorters on host genetic structure in the Armadillidium vulgare-Wolbachia association
In the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare (Crustacea, Oniscidea) Wolbachia facilitates its spread through vertical transmission via the eggs by inducing feminization of genetic males. The spread of feminizing Wolbachia within and across populations is therefore expected to influence mtDNA genetic structure by hitchhiking. To test this hypothesis, we analysed nuclear and mtDNA genetic structure, and Wolbachia prevalence in 13 populations of the pill bug host. Wolbachia prevalence (ranging from 0 to 100% of sampled females) was highly variable among populations. All three Wolbachia strains previously observed in A. vulgare were present (wVulC, wVulM and wVulP) with wVulC being the most prevalent (9 out of 13 populations). The host showed a genetic structure on five microsatellite loci that is compatible with isolation by distance. The strong genetic structure observed on host mtDNA was correlated to Wolbachia prevalence: three mitotypes were in strong linkage disequilibrium with the three strains of Wolbachia. Neutrality tests showed that the mtDNA polymorphism is not neutral and we thus suggest that this unusual pattern of mtDNA polymorphism found in A. vulgare was due to Wolbachia.
Supplementary material 1 from: Prigot-Maurice C, Depeux C, Paulhac H, Braquart-Varnier C, Beltran-Bech S (2022) Immune priming in Armadillidium vulgare against Salmonella enterica: direct or indirect costs on life history traits? In: De Smedt P, Taiti S, Sfenthourakis S, Campos-Filho IS (Eds) Facets of terrestrial isopod biology. ZooKeys 1101: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.77216
Tables S1–S4, Figures S1–S3
Figure 3 from: Tuf I, Drahokoupilová T (2012) The effect of external marking on the behaviour of the common pill woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare. ZooKeys 176: 145-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2375
Figure 3 - Influence of marking on frequency of resting (a), (b), (c), on feeding (d), (e), (f), on exploring (g), (h), (i), and on hiding (j), (k), (l) of Armadillidium vulgare in 3rd, 6th and 9th day analyzed by GAMs (confidence intervals dotted). Legend: CON – control, MAR – marker-marked, POL – polish-marked.
Figure 2 from: Tuf I, Drahokoupilová T (2012) The effect of external marking on the behaviour of the common pill woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare. ZooKeys 176: 145-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2375
Figure 2 - Daily patterns of behavioural categories as modelled by fitting GAM to illustrate a high degree of non-linearity in the response (logits). Compound graph from curves expressing frequency of exploring, feeding, resting and hiding of Armadillidium vulgare in a mean day
Figure 1 from: Tuf I, Drahokoupilová T (2012) The effect of external marking on the behaviour of the common pill woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare. ZooKeys 176: 145-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2375
Figure 1 - Time-distribution of active behavioural categories (feeding and/or exploring) of Armadillidium vulgare from all groups in observational days. Legend: CON – control, MAR – marker-marked, POL – polish-marked, grey triangles mark night-time activity, black line running from the centre of the diagram to the outer edge marks mean time of activity and the arcs extending to either side represent the 95% confidence limits.
Figure 6 from: Nako J-D, Lee NS, Wright JC (2018) Water vapor absorption allows for volume expansion during molting in Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 459-479. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23344
Figure 6 Mean measured (blue) and expected (red) values for hemolymph osmolality in Armadillidiumvulgare during molting in 100 % RH. Expected values are derived from the product of the mean intermolt osmolality (green symbols) and the proportional changes in blood volume over the molt cycle (see text). Bars show ± 1 SEM with sample sizes. Molt stages as in Figs 1–4. Asterisks denote significant differences between measured and expected means (2-sample t-test). * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. (*) P = 0.056.
Figure 5 from: Nako J-D, Lee NS, Wright JC (2018) Water vapor absorption allows for volume expansion during molting in Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 459-479. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23344
Figure 5 Mean masses of Ligidiumlapetum in 100% RH. The mean mass of the surviving animals on Day 2 is the mean % mass loss of those animals, subtracted from the mean of all animals at Day 0. No animal survived to Day 3 or initiated ecdysis.
Figure 4 from: Nako J-D, Lee NS, Wright JC (2018) Water vapor absorption allows for volume expansion during molting in Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 459-479. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23344
Figure 4 Mass changes of Porcelliodilatatus during molting at 97 % RH and without food. Data labels and other details as for Fig. 1.
Figure 1 from: Nako J-D, Lee NS, Wright JC (2018) Water vapor absorption allows for volume expansion during molting in Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 459-479. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23344
Figure 1 A Mass changes of Armadillidiumvulgare during molting at 100 % RH, without access to food. Pre- and post- labels refer to the number of days before/after ecdysis with data showing the % mass change over the prior 24-h period. PE = posterior ecdysis; AE = anterior ecdysis. Bars show ± SEM with sample sizes B Mean masses of 4 of these animals, showing the characteristic pattern of mass gain, peaking between PE and AE, followed by loss over the 3 to 4-day post-molt period.
Figure 2 from: Nako J-D, Lee NS, Wright JC (2018) Water vapor absorption allows for volume expansion during molting in Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 459-479. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23344
Figure 2 Mass changes of Armadillidiumvulgare during molting in 97 % RH, without access to food. Details as in Figure 1. PE2 refers to the small number of animals reaching a second day after PE without completing the anterior ecdysis.
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