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32 results for “Arthroleptis”
Data from: Biogeography and evolution of body size and life history of African frogs: phylogeny of squeakers (Arthroleptis) and long-fingered frogs (Cardioglossa) estimated from mitochondrial data
The evolutionary history of living African amphibians remains poorly understood. This study estimates the phylogeny within the frog genera Arthroleptis and Cardioglossa using approximately 2400 bases of mtDNA sequence data (12S, tRNA-Valine, and 16S genes) from half of the described species. Analyses are conducted using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. The effect of alignment on phylogeny estimation is explored by separately analyzing alignments generated with different gap costs and a consensus alignment. The consensus alignment results in species paraphyly, low nodal support, and incongruence with the results based on other alignments, which produced largely similar results. Most nodes in the phylogeny are highly supported, yet several topologies are inconsistent with previous hypotheses. The monophyly of Cardioglossa and of miniature species previously assigned to Schoutedenella was further examined using Templeton and Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests. Cardioglossa monophyly is rejected and C. aureoli is transferred to Arthroleptis. These tests do not reject Schoutedenella monophyly, but this hypothesis receives no support from non-parametric bootstrapping or Bayesian posterior probabilities. This phylogeny provides a framework for reconstructing historical biogeography and analyzing the evolution of body size and life history. Direct development and miniaturization appear at the base of Arthroleptis phylogeny concomitant with a range expansion from Central Africa to throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa.
Data from: A new squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from the Cameroon Volcanic Line with redescriptions of Arthroleptis adolfifriederici Nieden, 1911 "1910" and A. variabilis Matschie, 1893
We describe a new species of squeaker frog (Arthroleptis) from Mt. Manengouba in southwestern Cameroon. The new species is distinguished from other Cameroonian Arthroleptis by moderately larger body size; a darkened throat and posterior thigh, both with many white spots; and, in females, a fourth finger longer than the first and second fingers. This species corresponds to a Cameroonian taxon previously identified as Arthroleptis adolfifriederici but which has been long recognized as distinct. Multivariate morphometric analysis demonstrates that the new taxon is distinct from Arthroleptis variabilis, which occurs in the surrounding lowlands. Because of the general similarity of the new species to A. variabilis and its previous confusion with A. adolfifriederici, redescriptions of the latter two species are provided. This refinement of taxonomic knowledge will facilitate future study of cryptic or undescribed large Arthroleptis from western, central, and eastern Africa.
Data from: A new squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from the mountains of Cameroon and Nigeria
A new species of squeaker frog (genus Arthroleptis) is described from the northern mountains of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, a species-rich region within the West African biodiversity hotspot. This new species is associated with human-altered landscapes, including farms and grasslands, and is known from the highland areas near Bamenda, including Mt. Oku, Cameroon, as well as the Obudu and Mambilla Plateaus of eastern Nigeria. The known distribution suggests that it may eventually also be found throughout the Acha- Tugi Ridge that traverses the Cameroon–Nigeria border. More than 40 years ago, a specimen from one of these populations was recognized as probably representing a new species, but no further work was published on this material. We posit that the taxonomy of this new species has proven problematic because of morphological similarity to Arthroleptis poecilonotus. Although in some ways resembling A. poecilonotus, a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial gene sequence data demonstrates that the new species is not closely related to A. poecilonotus and, instead, forms a clade with A. krokosua, A. perreti, and A. variabilis. The new species is diagnosable by the combination of medium–small body size (24–29 mm snout–vent length in adult females), the color patterns of the venter and head, and a relatively stout hindlimb with a prominent inner metatarsal tubercle. The description of this new species further highlights these mountains as an important region of endemism within the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
FIGURE 4 in A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana
FIGURE 4. UPGMA-Dendrogram of morphometric distance in giant Arthroleptis taxa based on species means of 13 morphometric ratios (see Table 1). Distance measure = "correlation", cf. Suzuki and Shimodaira (2006). Arthroleptis affinis was excluded from the analysis since the feet of the type specimen are badly damaged. Au = approximately unbiased p-value; bp = bootstrap probability; stippled square = cluster with highest au values; CAM = Cameroon, DRC = Democratic Republic of Congo, RW = Rwanda.
FIGURE 1 in A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana
FIGURE 1. Dorsal (a), ventral (b), and latero-ventral (c) view of the Arthroleptis krokosua sp. nov. holotype (SMNS 12555). Photographs R. Ernst
FIGURE 2 in A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana
FIGURE 2. Right hand and plantar surface of right foot of the Arthroleptis krokosua sp. nov. holotype (SMNS 12555). Photographs R. Ernst.
FIGURE 5 in A new beautiful squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from West Africa
FIGURE 5. Arthroleptis aureoli from the Western Area Peninsula Forest Reserve, Sierra Leone (a, b; photos: Abdulai Barrie) and a forest near Soyah, Guinea (c, d; ZMB 76844, adult male). Well visible in the male from Guinea is the hypertrophied third finger, beset with spines (c), as well as the transparent belly (d).
FIGURE 4 in A new beautiful squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from West Africa
FIGURE 4. Geographic position of the four known sites (white symbols) of Arthroleptis formosus sp. nov. in western Guinea, and the known distribution of A. aureoli in Sierra Leone and Guinea (black triangles). The two westernmost sites of the new species are very close to each other. The type locality is indicated by a star. The range of the new species is also indicated as black square in the inlet figure of Africa (map based on the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model: www.ersdac.or.jp.).
FIGURE 3 in A new beautiful squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from West Africa
FIGURE 3. Habitats of Arthroleptis formosus sp. nov.; a) & b) habitat of ZMB 75483,(paratype), a degraded gallery forest with a fast flowing small river; c) the type locality, a degraded gallery forest where intensive logging activities where observed; d) female at the type locality.
FIGURE 2 in A new beautiful squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from West Africa
FIGURE 2. Ventral views of left hand (a) and left foot (b) of female Arthroleptis formosus sp. nov. (ZMB 75480, holotype).
FIGURE 1 in A new beautiful squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from West Africa
FIGURE 1. Life colour of male and female Arthroleptis formosus sp. nov. Dorsal (a) and ventral (e) view of female holotype (ZMB 75480); dorsal views of ZMB 75483 (b, male paratype), a specimen which was not collected (c) and ZMB 75481 (d, male paratype); ventral view of the juvenile paratype ZMB 75486 (f).
Figure 5 in A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda
Figure 5. Arthroleptis schubotzi from Cyamudongo Forest, Rwanda, in life. (A) Dorsal view of adult female (ZFMK 104089) and (B) adult male (ZFMK 104090). (C) Corresponding ventral view of adult female and (D) adult male, showing the distinct ventral colour pattern.
Figure 3 in A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda
Figure 3. Map of Rwanda with major elevation zones and natural water bodies (top) and detail of map showing Nyungwe National Park including Cyamudongo Forest (bottom) in southwestern Rwanda; forested areas are displayed in green. The distribution of the three species of Arthroleptis in Nyungwe National Park and surroundings is indicated by coloured dots at localities where specimens were collected or observed: Arthroleptis adolfifriederici (orange), A. nyungwensis sp. nov. (blue), A. schubotzi (red). Type localities are marked with a white triangle in the centre of the coloured dot. Map courtesy of S. Seidel.
Figure 2 in A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda
Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details.
Figure 1 in A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda
Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life.
Figure 4 in A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda
Figure 4. Phylogram inferred from mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data of 16S rRNA (563 BP). Numbers below branches are non-parametric bootstrap support values from ML (1000 replicates). Sequences are listed with species name, voucher number, and GenBank accession number, respectively. Specimens of the three species occurring in Rwanda are depicted on the right at the level of their corresponding samples.
Fig. 6 in Direct development in African squeaker frogs (Anura: Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) reveals a mosaic of derived and plesiomorphic characters
Fig. 6 Different discrete developmental events subsumed within TS 4 in Arthroleptis. a Early TS 4 of A. wahlbergii, left: close-up of head region, right: lateral view with head facing left. b Mid-TS 4 of A. wahlbergii, left: close-up of head region; right: lateral view, arrow indicates somites. c Late TS 4 of A. xenodactyloides, left: close-up of head region, forelimb buds clearly defined, right: lateral view, arrow indicates somites. Scale bars = 1 mm
Fig. 1 in Direct development in African squeaker frogs (Anura: Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) reveals a mosaic of derived and plesiomorphic characters
Fig. 1 Habitat (a) and clutch (b) of Arthroleptis xenodactyloides at Luhota Forest, Mufindi, Southern Udzungwas, Tanzania. c Clutch of A. wahlbergii at Entumeni Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Clutches were photographed in situ after the removal of covering leaves and soil
FIGURE 4 in A new small Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Liberian part of Mount Nimba, West Africa
FIGURE 4. Male Arthroleptis aureoli from the Western Area Peninsula Forest Reserve, Sierra Leone (ZMB 70390).
FIGURE 5 in A new small Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Liberian part of Mount Nimba, West Africa
FIGURE 5. Arthroleptis species occurring in sympatry with Arthroleptis langeri sp. nov.: a–c: A. crusculum; paratype MNHN 1944.0031 in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view, c: specimen from Sempéré, Mount Nimba, 1650 m a.s.l. in life (ZMB 74040); d–e: A. nimbaensis; syntype MNHN 1944.0069 in dorsal (d) and ventral (e) view, f: living specimen of A. cf. nimbaensis from rainforest below Mont Leclerc, Mount Nimba.
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