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8 results for “Ascaphus”
Reduced genetic diversity associated with the northern expansion of an amphibian species with high habitat-specialization, Ascaphus truei, resolved using two types of genetic markers
<p>Reconstruction of historical relationships between geographic regions within a species' range can indicate dispersal patterns and help predict future responses to shifts in climate. <em>Ascaphus truei </em>(coastal tailed frog) is an indicator species of the health of forests and perennial streams in the Coastal and Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest of North America. We used two genetic techniques — microsatellite and genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) — to compare the within region genetic diversity of populations near the northern extent of the species' range (British Columbia, Canada) to two geographic regions in British Columbia and two in Washington, USA, moving towards the core of the range. Allelic richness and heterozygosity declined substantially as latitude increased. The northernmost region had the lowest mean expected heterozygosities for both techniques (microsatellite, M = 0.20, SE = 0.080; GBS, M = 0.025, SE = 0.0010) and the southernmost region had the highest (microsatellite, M = 0.88, SE = 0.054; GBS, M = 0.20, SE = 0.0029). The northernmost regions (NC and MC) clustered together in population structure models for both genetic techniques. Our discovery of reduced diversity may have important conservation and management implications for population connectivity and the response of <em>A. truei</em> to climate change.</p>
Reduced genetic diversity associated with the northern expansion of an amphibian species with high habitat-specialization, Ascaphus truei, resolved using two types of genetic markers
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Data from: Genetic structure across broad spatial and temporal scales: Rocky Mountain tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus; Anura: Ascaphidae) in the inland temperate rainforest
Contemporary and historical processes interact to structure genetic variation, however discerning between these can be difficult. Here, we analyze range-wide variation at 13 microsatellite loci in 2098 Rocky Mountain tailed frogs, Ascaphus montanus, collected from 117 streams across the species distribution in the Inland Northwest (INW) and interpret that variation in light of historical phylogeography, contemporary landscape genetics, and the reconstructed paleodistribution of the species. Further, we project species distribution models (SDMs) to predict future changes in the range as a function of changing climate. Genetic structure has a strong spatial signature that is precisely congruent with a deep (~1.8 MY) phylogeographic split in mtDNA when we partition populations into 2 clusters (K = 2), and is congruent with refugia areas inferred from our paleorange reconstructions. There is a hierarchical pattern of geographic structure as we permit additional clusters, with populations clustering following mountain ranges. Nevertheless, genetic diversity is the highest in populations at the center of the range and is attenuated in populations closer to the range edges. Similarly, geographic distance is the single best predictor of pairwise genetic differentiation, but connectivity also is an important predictor. At intermediate and local geographic scales, deviations from isolation-by-distance are more apparent, at least in the northern portion of the distribution. These results indicate that both historical and landscape factors are contributing to the genetic structure and diversity of tailed frogs in the Inland Northwest.
FIG. 1 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations
FIG. 1. Pinned specimen of Ascaphus montanus (specimen ID WCF08228 from Lost Horse Creek, MT) showing labeled oral morphology, including labial tooth rows. Rows are numbered from anterior to posterior. The A2, A3, and P1 rows are biserial (i.e., have two rows of teeth), as demonstrated by the labeled P1 row. The labial tooth row formula (see Methods) for this specimen is 3/9(1), where (1) indicates the medial gap in the P1 row.
FIG. 2 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations
FIG. 2. Sampling locations for Ascaphus truei (left) and Ascaphus montanus (right). Inset maps show estimated range boundaries for A. truei (in green) and A. montanus (in blue). Range maps from NatureServe & IUCN (2012).
FIG. 4 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations
FIG. 4. From the results of the species-specific GLMs, we predicted relationships (shown with 1.96*SE confidence intervals) between P2 tooth counts and developmental stage at each temperature point sampled (annual average stream temperature). Raw data points are also shown on these plots.
FIG. 3 in Temperature and Development Drive Variation in Oral Morphology among Tailed Frog (Ascaphus spp.) Populations
FIG. 3. Ascaphus truei tadpoles had higher overall counts of labial teeth in the P2 row than A. montanus tadpoles. Within both species, populations (here shown as different colored boxplots) varied in their P2 tooth counts.
Data from: Genetic structure across broad spatial and temporal scales: Rocky Mountain tailed frogs (Ascaphus montanus; Anura: Ascaphidae) in the inland temperate rainforest
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