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33 results for “Astyanax mexicanus”
Figure 8 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 8. Transitional and adult dentitions in Astyanax mexicanus. A, live fish – 65 days post-fertilization (dpf) (16.9 mm total length (TL)) showing premaxilla, with the first multicuspid teeth developing prior to replacing conical predecessors. Scale bar = 100 µm. B, cleared-and-stained fish – 163 dpf (41.8 mm TL). Asterisk indicates maxillary tooth. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 5 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 5. Frequency distributions of tooth heights. Arrows indicate peaks corresponding to tooth replacement events, and to the plateaux in Fig. 3. A, only the single tallest tooth from each dentigerous bone. B, all measured teeth.
Figure 3 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 3. Sections through first (A, one month) and second (B, two months) generation oral teeth in Astyanax mexicanus. Scale bars = 50 µm.
Figure 11 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 11. Differences between successive tooth generations in terms of time (A), increase in fish total length (TL) (B) and increase in tooth height (C).
Figure 12 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 12. Multicuspid teeth in Astyanax mexicanus; sections through a 3-month individual. A, functional teeth (FT) and developing replacement tooth (RT) on the dentary (D). Scale bar = 100 µm. B, close-up of functional tooth showing odontoblasts (Od) grouped on the edge of the pulp cavity (PC); the paths of odontoblast process (dentinal tubules) through the dentine is apparent. Scale bar = 50 µm C, close-up of developing tooth germ, showing a single pulp cavity lined with odontoblasts as well as a continuous dentine-predentine junction (black arrows). Scale bar = 50 µm. D, section through another functional tooth, showing the continuous nature of the dentine-predentine junction (black arrows). Scale bar = 50 µm.
Evolution of a central dopamine circuit underlies adaptation of light-evoked sensorimotor response in the blind cavefish, <em>Astyanax mexicanus</em>
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Astyanax cavefish body shape coordinates from: Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Fillipi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae)
<p>The <em>Astyanax mexicanus</em> complex includes two different morphs, a surface and a cave-adapted ecotype, found at three mountain ranges in Northeastern Mexico: Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala, and Sierra de la Colmena (Micos). Since their discovery, multiple studies have attempted to characterize the timing and the number of events that gave rise to the evolution of these cave-adapted ecotypes. Here, using RAD-seq and genome-wide sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure, and gene flow events between the cave and surface <em>Astyanax</em> <em>mexicanus</em> populations, to estimate the time and mode of evolution of the cave-adapted ecotypes. We also evaluated the body shape evolution across different cave lineages using geometric morphometrics to examine the role of phylogenetic signal vs. environmental pressures. We found strong evidence of parallel evolution of cave-adapted ecotypes derived from two separate lineages of surface fish and hypothesize that there may be up to four independent invasions of caves from surface fish. Moreover, a strong congruence between the genetic structure and geographic distribution was observed across the cave populations, with the Sierra de Guatemala the region exhibiting most genetic drift among the cave populations analyzed. Interestingly, we found no evidence of phylogenetic signal in body shape evolution, but we found support for parallel evolution in body shape across independent cave lineages, with cavefish from the Sierra de El Abra reflecting the most divergent morphology relative to surface and other cavefish populations.</p>
Astyanax cavefish body shape coordinates from: Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Fillipi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae)
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Data from: A high-density linkage map for Astyanax mexicanus using genotyping-by-sequencing technology
The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is a unique model system consisting of cave-adapted and surface-dwelling morphotypes which diverged >1My ago. This remarkable natural experiment has enabled powerful genetic analyses of cave adaptation. Here, we describe the application of next-generation sequencing technology to the creation of a high-density linkage map. Our map comprises over 2200 markers populating 25 linkage groups constructed from genotypic data generated from a single genotyping-by-sequencing project. We leveraged emergent genomic and transcriptomic resources to anchor hundreds of anonymous Astyanax markers to the genome of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the most closely related model organism to our study species. This facilitated the identification of 784 distinct connections between our linkage map and the Danio rerio genome, highlighting several regions of conserved genomic architecture between the two species despite ~150My of divergence. Using a Mendelian cave-associated trait as a proof-of-principle, we successfully recovered the genomic position of the albinism locus near the gene Oca2. Further, our map successfully informed the positions of unplaced Astyanax genomic scaffolds within particular linkage groups. This ability to identify the relative location, orientation and linear order of unaligned genomic scaffolds will facilitate ongoing efforts to improve upon the current early draft and assemble future versions of the Astyanax physical genome. Moreover, this improved linkage map will enable higher resolution genetic analyses and catalyze the discovery of the genetic basis for cave-associated phenotypes.
Genotypes of cave, surface and hybrid Astyanax mexicanus
<p>Genetic divergence in the presence of gene flow has been well documented, but there is little information on the specific factors maintaining divergence. The present study investigates this in the Mexican tetra (<em>Astyanax mexicanus</em>), an excellent model for studying this question because surface and cave populations differ markedly in phenotype and genotype, but are interfertile. Previous population studies documented significant gene flow among cave and surface populations but they focused on analyses of neutral markers, whose evolutionary dynamics likely differ from those of genes involved in cave adaptation. The present study advances our understanding of this question by focusing specifically on the genetics responsible for eye and pigmentation reduction, signature traits of cave populations. Direct observations of two cave populations over the course of 63 years verify that surface fish frequently move into the caves and even hybridize with the cavefish. Importantly, however, historical records show that surface alleles for pigmentation and eye size do not persist, but are rapidly eliminated from the cave gene pool. It has been argued that the regression of eyes and pigmentation was driven by drift, but the results of this study suggest that strong selection actively eliminates surface alleles from the cave populations. </p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Miranda-Gamboa R, Espinasa L, Verde-Ramírez MA, Hernández-Lozano J, Lacaille JL, Espinasa M, Ornelas-García CP (2023) A new cave population of Astyanax mexicanus from Northern Sierra de El Abra, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 45: 95-117. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.98434
Contrasting vertical isolation between Pachón and El Refugio caves and the fossil canyon between Pachón and El Refugio caves
Supplementary material 2 from: Miranda-Gamboa R, Espinasa L, Verde-Ramírez MA, Hernández-Lozano J, Lacaille JL, Espinasa M, Ornelas-García CP (2023) A new cave population of Astyanax mexicanus from Northern Sierra de El Abra, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 45: 95-117. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.98434
Geometric morphometric coordinates, PCA values obtained from the geometric morphometric data and orbit diameter values for the populations
Data from: A high-density linkage map for Astyanax mexicanus using genotyping-by-sequencing technology
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Genotypes of cave, surface and hybrid Astyanax mexicanus
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Figure 1 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 1. First-generation dentition in Astyanax mexicanus. Asterisks indicate positions of teeth. A, 5 days postfertilization (dpf) (4.5 mm total length (TL, measured to the nearest 0.1 mm with calipers prior to fixation)) showing one tooth on each jaw quadrant, left side. M, Meckel's cartilage; P, premaxilla. B, 10 dpf (5.2 mm TL) showing three teeth on the right premaxilla; one tooth is also visible on the lower jaw. C, 28 dpf (7.8 mm TL) showing five attached teeth, and one unattached, on the right premaxilla. D, 40 dpf (9.2 mm TL) showing signs of resorption (left arrow) and replacement by a second generation of unicuspid teeth (right arrow) on the left premaxilla. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Figure 10 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 10. Age in days (A), total length (TL) in mm (B) and maximum tooth height in mm (C) at the onset of tooth generations 1–4.
Figure 6 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 6. Features of the dentition of Astyanax mexicanus as a function of age in days. A, total number of teeth. B, numbers of unicuspid and multicuspid teeth. C, total number of cusps.
Figure 2 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 2. Order of appearance of the first-generation dentition on one half (right) of the jaw in Astyanax mexicanus. A, schematic of the premaxillary and lower jaw. Order is indicated by numbers. B, graph of tooth appearance patterns on the premaxilla. Numbers represent tooth positions and time runs vertically down. C, graph of tooth appearance patterns on the lower jaw. Abbreviations: P, premaxilla; LJ, lower jaw, C, caudal; R, rostral.
Figure 9 in Ontogenetic transition from unicuspid to multicuspid oral dentition in a teleost fish: Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Figure 9. Number of cusps per tooth (calculated as total number of cusps/total number of teeth) as a function of age in da ys (A) and log total length (TL) in mm (B).
Supplementary material 1 from: Miranda-Gamboa R, Espinasa L, Verde-Ramírez MA, Hernández-Lozano J, Lacaille JL, Espinasa M, Ornelas-García CP (2023) A new cave population of Astyanax mexicanus from Northern Sierra de El Abra, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 45: 95-117. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.45.98434
DNA sequence oF the mitochondrial 16S rRNA
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