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Fig. 3 in New distribution records and conservation status of Atelopus seminiferus Cope, 1874: A Critically Endangered harlequin frog from northern Peru

Fig. 3. Updated distribution map of Atelopus seminiferus. Black dots indicate new localities reported in this study. Light green area corresponds the estimated Extent of Occurrence (ca. 2,520 km2) based on the new records presented here and the previously known localities. Numbers correspond to labels in Table 1. Map by Juan C. Cusi.

Fig. 3 in New distribution records and conservation status of Atelopus seminiferus Cope, 1874: A Critically Endangered harlequin frog from northern Peru

Fig. 3. Dorsal and ventral views of the holotype of Atelopus seminifeus (ANSP 11383), deposited in the herpetological collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia. Photos courtesy of Ned Gilmore.

Fig. 2 in New distribution records and conservation status of Atelopus seminiferus Cope, 1874: A Critically Endangered harlequin frog from northern Peru

Fig. 2. (A) A pair of Atelopus seminiferus in amplexus, found between El Carmen and La Esperanza [not collected]. Photo by Fredi Sangama and Florencio León. (B) Dorsal coloration pattern of a female MUSM 33328. (C) Ventral coloration pattern in a male MUSM 33327. (D) Ventral coloration pattern in a female MUSM JCM H-24. (D) El Carmen village in Alto Mayo Protected Forest, Rioja province, San Martin (E). Photos B‒E by Juan C. Cusi.

Fig. 1 in New distribution records and conservation status of Atelopus seminiferus Cope, 1874: A Critically Endangered harlequin frog from northern Peru

Fig. 1. Distribution of Atelopus seminiferus in the Mayo River basin, San Martin, Peru. Yellow polygon corresponds to geographic range estimated by IUCN. Compare with Fig. 3, which shows proposed new polygon based on results from this study. Map by Juan C. Cusi.

Fig. 2 in Preliminary observations on the circadian variation in site fidelity in Atelopus hoogmoedi (Lescure, 1974) (Anura, Bufonidae)

Fig. 2. Geographical overview of the study area. (A) Map of the Iwokrama Forest Reserve and its location in Guyana (top right corner). The red line crossing Iwokrama corresponds to the Linden-Lethem Road. (B) Relief map of the Iwokrama Mountains with Turu Falls represented by a black triangle (N 4°24.770' W 58°47.061'). (C) Portion of the trail between Turu Falls camp and the Linden-Lethem Road monitored, with dots corresponding to Atelopus individuals (from A1 - N 4°24.742', W 58°47.130' to A14 - N 4°24.750', W 58°47.128'). A and B from Kok et al. (2013).

Fig. 3 in Preliminary observations on the circadian variation in site fidelity in Atelopus hoogmoedi (Lescure, 1974) (Anura, Bufonidae)

Fig. 3. Substrate (shrub or leaf litter) use in Atelopus hoogmoedi during the day (light grey) and night (dark grey) at Turu Falls, Guyana. As indicated, substrate use was significantly different after dark.

Fig. 1 in Preliminary observations on the circadian variation in site fidelity in Atelopus hoogmoedi (Lescure, 1974) (Anura, Bufonidae)

Fig. 1. (A) Orange and (B) Yellow color morphs of Atelopus hoogmoedi, both encountered at the studied locality in the Iwokrama Mountains, Guyana. (C) Typical breeding habitat of A. hoogmoedi in the Iwokrama Mountains. Photos by PJRK.

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Fig. 3 in Disease reservoirs threaten the recently rediscovered Podocarpus Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus podocarpus)

Fig. 3. Comparison of infection burdens in Gastrotheca tadpoles between three of the six sites. The asterisks denote significant differences. The boxplot was produced in ggplot 2 (Ginestet 2011).

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Fig. 1 in Disease reservoirs threaten the recently rediscovered Podocarpus Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus podocarpus)

Fig. 1. The Podocarpus Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus podocarpus) was rediscovered along a single stream in Yacuri National Park (Ecuador) in 2016, after having been presumed extinct in the years following the last previous sighting in 1994. Photo by Phil Jervis.

Fig. 4 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 4. Habitat suitability estimate (upper left panel), minimum convex polygon of extent of occurrence (EEO, upper right panel), and area of occupation (AOO, lower left panel) of Atelopus laetissimus. The total deforested area for the analyzed period and species occurrence locations are provided in red.

Figure 3 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Figure 3. Acoustic repertoire of the advertisement call of Atelopus laetissimus. Conventional pulsed call (A), unpulsed short call (B), partially pulsed short call (C), pulsed short call (D), partially pulsed short call before pulsed call (E), and partially pulsed short call within pulsed call (F). The corresponding author will provide tables of raw data for individual specimens on request.

Fig. 2 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 2. Temporal variation of the number of recaptures (A) and movement patterns (B) of Atelopus laetissimus.

Fig. 1 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 1. (A) Temporal variation of relative abundance (ind/[h × obs]). (B) Population density (m2) per habitat of Atelopus laetissimus. Roman numerals represent the months of the surveys.

Fig. 5 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 5. Estimated annual habitat loss for Atelopus laetissimus in the last decade in the potential distribution (A), area of occurrence (AOO, B), and extent of occurrence (EOO, C).

Figure 8 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)

Figure 8. Individual recognition of a male Atelopus flavescens based on color pattern, but note the change in color (photographs taken 12 July 2009 and 31 July 2011, respectively). Photographs by D. Karbe.

Figure 7 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)

Figure 7. Color patterns of Atelopus flavescens at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo: Four females (above) and males (below) in ventral and dorsal views. Photographs by D. Karbe.

Figure 6 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)

Figure 6. Total length (mm) of larger tadpole of Atelopus flavescens from first clutch in relation to age in days; water temperature 22-24 °C.

Figure 4 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)

Figure 4. Hatched larvae of Atelopus flavescens (from first egg deposition): (A) - (B) hatchlings at Gosner stage 20 (13 December 2010), (C) lateral view of tadpole at stages 24-25 (27 December 2010, 22 days after egg deposition), (D) ventral view of tadpole at stage 25 (3 January 2011, 29 days after egg deposition). Photographs by D. Karbe.

Figure 3 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)

Figure 3. First clutch of Atelopus flavescens at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo: (A) freshly deposited spawn under water surface on stones or filamentous algae (5 to 6 December 2010), (B) cream-colored eggs one day after deposition (6 December 2010), (C) developing embryos at Gosner stage <18 (9 December 2010), (D) embryos at stage 19 (10 December 2010). Photographs by D. Karbe.

Figure 2 in Is there a chance for conservation breeding? Ex situ management, reproduction, and early life stages of the Harlequin toad Atelopus flavescens Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)

Figure 2. Atelopus flavescens at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo: (A) adult male, (B) calling male, and (C) couple in amplexus. Photograph (A) (B) by T. Ziegler and (C) by D. Karbe.