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32 results for “Atlantic herring”
A baseline for the genetic stock identification of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c
<p>Atlantic herring in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c comprises at least three populations, distinguished by temporal and spatial differences in spawning, which have until recently been managed as two stocks defined by geographic delineators. Outside of spawning the populations form mixed aggregations, which are the subject of acoustic surveys. The inability to distinguish the populations has prevented the development of separate survey indices and separate stock assessments. A panel of 45 SNPs, derived from whole genome sequencing, were used to genotype 3,480 baseline spawning samples (2014-2021). A temporally stable baseline comprising 2,316 herring from populations known to inhabit Division 6.a was used to develop a genetic assignment method, with a self-assignment accuracy >90%. The long-term temporal stability of the assignment model was validated by assigning archive (2003-2004) baseline samples (270 individuals) with a high level of accuracy. Assignment of non-baseline samples (1,514 individuals) from Division 6.a, 7.b-c indicated previously unrecognised levels of mixing of populations outside of the spawning season. The genetic markers and assignment models presented constitute a 'toolbox' that can be used for the assignment of herring caught in mixed survey and commercial catches in Division 6.a into their population of origin with a high level of accuracy.</p>
Figure 1 in Range extension of the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) southern part of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Figure 1. – Map showing the location of records of Clupea harengus in the European Atlantic waters. The black dots constitute the historical captures reported in GBIF and the red dots represent the present records in the North of Spain between 2009 and 2018.
Fig. 3 in Location and elimination of Anisakis simplex third stage larvae in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L
Fig. 3. The association of nematode larvae with musculature and body cavity organs in herring (unprocessed).
Fig. 2. A in Location and elimination of Anisakis simplex third stage larvae in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L
Fig. 2. A. The correlation between total body length of herring (unprocessed) and the number of nematode larvae in each fish. B. The correlation between the total body weight of herring (unprocessed) and the number of nematode larvae in each fish.
Fig. 1 in Location and elimination of Anisakis simplex third stage larvae in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L
Fig. 1. Left side of a herring showing division of the musculature into epaxial, hypaxial and caudal segments. The lower part of the hypaxial part (processed hypaxial) is removed during industrial processing. The right side is segmented similarly. Following processing the right and left musculature segments are still kept connected by dorsal connective tissue.
Data for: Spatial and temporal genetic stock composition of river herring bycatch in southern New England Atlantic herring and mackerel fisheries
<p>Anadromous river herring (alewife and blueback herring) persist at historically low abundances and are caught as bycatch in commercial fisheries, potentially preventing recovery despite conservation efforts. We used newly established single-nucleotide polymorphism genetic baselines for alewife and blueback herring to define fine-scale reporting groups for each species. We then determined the occurrence of fish from these reporting groups in bycatch samples from a Northwest Atlantic fishery over four years.Within sampled bycatch events, the highest proportions of alewife were from the Block Island (34%) and Long Island Sound (22%) reporting groups, while for blueback herring the highest proportions were from the Mid-Atlantic (47%) and Northern New England (24%) reporting groups. We then quantified stock-specific mortality in a focal geographic area (~3500 km<sup>2</sup> including Block Island Sound) of high bycatch incidence and sampling effort, where the most accurate estimates of mortality could be made. During this period, we estimate that bycatch took about 4.6 million alewife and 1.2 million blueback herring, highlighting the need to reduce bycatch mortality for the most depleted river herring stocks.</p>
Data for: Spatial and temporal genetic stock composition of river herring bycatch in southern New England Atlantic herring and mackerel fisheries
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A baseline for the genetic stock identification of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in ICES Divisions 6.a, 7.b-c
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Data for: Coherent long-term body-size responses across all Northwest Atlantic herring populations to warming and environmental change despite contrasting harvest and ecological factors
<p>Body size is a key component of individual fitness and an important factor in the structure and functioning of populations and ecosystems. Disentangling the effects of environmental change, harvest, and intra- and inter-specific trophic effects on body size remains challenging for populations in the wild. Herring in the Northwest Atlantic provide a strong basis for evaluating hypotheses related to these drivers given that they have experienced significant warming and harvest over the past century, while also having been exposed to a wide range of other selective constraints across their range. Using data on mean length-at-age 4 for the sixteen principal populations over a period of 53 cohorts (1962-2014), we fitted a series of empirical models for temporal and between-population variation in the response to changes in sea surface temperature. We find evidence for a unified cross-population response in the form of a parabolic function according to which populations in naturally warmer environments have responded more negatively to increasing temperature compared with those in colder locations. Temporal variation in residuals from this function was highly coherent among populations, further suggesting a common response to a large-scale environmental driver. The synchrony observed in this study system, despite strong differences in harvest and ecological histories among populations and over time, clearly indicates a dominant role of environmental change on size-at-age in wild populations, in contrast to commonly reported effects of fishing. This finding has important implications for the management of fisheries as it indicates that a key trait associated with population productivity may be under considerably less short-term management control than currently assumed. Our study, overall, illustrates the need for a comparative approach within species for inferences concerning the many possible effects on body size of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the wild.</p>
Figure 2. – Clupea harengus. A in Range extension of the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) southern part of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Figure 2. – Clupea harengus. A: MHNUSC25163-1, 285 mm TL; B: MHNUSC25163-2, 300 mm TL.
Data for: Coherent long-term body-size responses across all Northwest Atlantic herring populations to warming and environmental change despite contrasting harvest and ecological factors
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Atlantic herring population baseline (genotypes) for genetic stock identification
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Life history implications of kinship structure in an Atlantic Herring schooling aggregation
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Linking individual physiological indicators to the productivity of fish populations: A case study of Atlantic herring
<p>Raw data for i) heart rate measurements of Atlantic herring larvae reared at three different temperatures (7, 11 and 15°C); ii) compilation of Baltic herring larval growth rates measured in the field and in the laboratory; and iii) time series of thermal estimates (derived from satellite sea surface temperatures) in Greifswald Bay (Baltic Sea) between 1992 and 2017, as well as three herring productivity proxies in the area: weekly larval abundance in Greifswald Bay (one of the major spawning grounds), 1 yr-old juvenile abundance in the western Baltic basin, and the recruitment estimate from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Herring Assessment Working Group for the Area South of 62°N.</p>
Data from: Oceanographic connectivity and environmental correlates of genetic structuring in Atlantic herring in the Baltic Sea
Marine fish often show little genetic structuring in neutral marker genes, and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea are no exception; historically, very low levels of population differentiation (FST ≈ 0.002) have been found, despite a high degree of interpopulation environmental heterogeneity in salinity and temperature. Recent exome sequencing and SNP studies have however shown that many loci are under selection in this system. Here, we combined population genetic analyses of a large number of transcriptome-derived microsatellite markers with oceanographic modelling to investigate genetic differentiation and connectivity in Atlantic herring at a relatively fine scale within the Baltic Sea. We found evidence for weak but robust and significant genetic structuring (FST = 0.008) explainable by oceanographic connectivity. Genetic differentiation was also associated with site differences in temperature and salinity, with the result driven by the locus Her14 which appears to be under directional selection (FST = 0.08). The results show that Baltic herring are genetically structured within the Baltic Sea, and highlight the role of oceanography and environmental factors in explaining this structuring. The results also have implications for the management of herring fisheries, the most economically important fishery in the Baltic Sea, suggesting that the current fisheries management units may be in need of revision.
Data from: Feeding ecology of Northeast Atlantic mackerel, Norwegian spring-spawning herring and blue whiting in the Norwegian Sea
The Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring (Clupea harengus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and Northeast Atlantic (NEA) mackerel (Scomber scombrus) are extremely abundant pelagic planktivores that feed in the Norwegian Sea (NS) during spring and summer. This study investigated the feeding ecology and diet composition of these commercially important fish stocks on the basis of biological data, including an extensive set of stomach samples in combination with hydrographical data, zooplankton samples and acoustic abundance data from 12 stock monitoring surveys carried out in 2005-2010. Mackerel were absent during the spring, but had generally high feeding overlap with herring in the summer, with a diet mainly based on calanoid copepods, especially Calanus finmarchicus, as well as a similar diet width. Stomach fullness in herring diminished from spring to summer and feeding incidence was lower than that of mackerel in summer. However, stomach fullness did not differ between the two species, indicating that herring maintain an equally efficient pattern of feeding as mackerel in summer, but on a diet that is less dominated by copepods and is more reliant on larger prey. Blue whiting tended to have a low dietary overlap with mackerel and herring, with larger prey such as euphausiids and amphipods dominating, and stomach fullness and feeding incidence increasing with length. For all the species feeding incidence increased with decreasing temperature, and for mackerel so did stomach fullness, indicating that feeding activity is highest in areas associated with colder water masses. Significant annual effects on diet composition and feeding-related variables suggested that the three species are able to adapt to different food and environmental conditions. These annual effects are likely to have an important impact on the predation pressure on different plankton groups and the carrying capacity of individual systems, and emphasise the importance of regular monitoring of pelagic fish diets.
Fig. 6 in Postcranial skeletal development of the Atlantic herring (Clupeomorpha: Clupeidae: Clupea harengus)
Fig. 6. Development of abdominal and caudal vertebrae in Clupea harengus. A)-C): abdominal vertebrae, D)-E): caudal vertebrae. A) 24.4 mm SL (IE/6832), B) 26.7 mm SL (IE/16957), C) 29.7 mm SL (IE/16958), D) 24.4 mm SL (IE/6832), E) 26.7 mm SL (IE/16957), F) 29.7 mm SL (IE/16958). C – centrum, Ha – haemal arch, Hs – haemal spine, Na – neural arch, Ns – neural spine. Scale bar = 500 μm.
Fig. 7 in Postcranial skeletal development of the Atlantic herring (Clupeomorpha: Clupeidae: Clupea harengus)
Fig. 7. Intramuscular bones of C. harengus specimen of 6.5 mm SL. Ec – epicentralia, En – epineuralia, Ep – epipleuralia, My – myorhabdoi. Scale bar = 2.5 mm.
Fig. 3 in Postcranial skeletal development of the Atlantic herring (Clupeomorpha: Clupeidae: Clupea harengus)
Fig. 3. Development of the supraneurals in Clupea harengus. A) 26.7 mm SL (IE/16957), B) 29.7 mm SL (IE/16958). Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Postcranial skeletal development of the Atlantic herring (Clupeomorpha: Clupeidae: Clupea harengus)
Fig. 2. Development of the fin supports and fin rays in dorsal and anal fin in Clupea harengus. A) 14.5 mm NL (IE/16973), B) 13.0 mm NL (IE/16989), C) 16.9 mm, SL (IE/16967), D) 24.3 mm SL (IE/16961), E) 29.7 mm SL (IE/16958). Blue – cartilage, red – bone. Dr - distal radial, P-mr – proximal-middle radial, R - ray, Sy - stay. Scale bar = 1 mm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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