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FIGURE 6 in Polygonum schischkinii is a member of Atraphaxis (Polygonaceae, Polygoneae): evidences from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 6. Pericarp anatomy of Polygonum schischkinii: A—a premature fruit in a cross section. B—exocarp cells with vast lumina (lum) and straight anticlinal walls (aw) and undulating external periclinal wall (epw) in the side of premature fruit; C—exocarp cells with undulating external periclinal walls (epw) in the rib of premature fruit; D—exocarp cells with narrow lumina (lum), branching dendritically, and undulating anticlinal walls (aw) in the rib of mature fruit. Scale bar = 100 µm (A); 50 µm (B–D).

FIGURE 1 in Polygonum schischkinii is a member of Atraphaxis (Polygonaceae, Polygoneae): evidences from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Polygonum glareosum: [CHINA, Xinjiang] Western Mongolia, left bank of the Cherny [Kara] Irtysh River to the East of Mt. Cherek-Tas [Charykty, Saur Mts], sandy-pebble steppe. June 12, 1914. B.K.Schischkin (LE 1013261).

FIGURE 2 in Polygonum schischkinii is a member of Atraphaxis (Polygonaceae, Polygoneae): evidences from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 2. Morphology of Polygonum schischkinii: A, B—leaf blade adaxially and abaxially; C–D—ocrea in vegetative zone of the shoot; E—ocreola, view from the side of leaf blade (removed). F—ocreola split it two lateral lacinulas and a short middle lobula, view from the side opposite to leaf blade; G, H—perianth with a fruit inside; I—linear styles at the top of the fruit. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Polygonum schischkinii is a member of Atraphaxis (Polygonaceae, Polygoneae): evidences from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 5. Morphology of Polygonum schischkinii: A, B—epidermal cells of the tepal margin; C—papillae at the tepal edge; D— filament of the inner stamen fused to a receptacle; E–nectar-secreating tissue covering the base of the filament and the receptacle; F— nectar-secreating tissue covering the base of the filament; G—epidermal cells covering the top of the filament; H, I—surface of premature fruit on the rib (H) and near the top (I); J–L—pollen. Scale bar = 300 µm (D); 30 µm (A–B, E–I); 10 µm (L); 3 µm (C, J–L).

FIGURE 4 in Polygonum schischkinii is a member of Atraphaxis (Polygonaceae, Polygoneae): evidences from morphological and molecular analyses

FIGURE 4. Morphology of Polygonum schischkinii (SEM): A—a flowerbud and a fragment of a bract; B–F—fragments of a bract with stomata adaxially (B–C) and abaxially (D–F); G—place of articulation of perianth tube to a pedicel; H–I—epidermal cells covering perianth tube outside; J—epidermal cells on the tepal base abaxially; K—flowerbud, middle part of the tepal with stomata surrounded by epidermal cells; L—flowerbud, epidermal cell of the tepal margin. Scale bar = 300 µm (A); 30 µm (B–K); 10 µm (L).

FIGURE 21 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 21. Holotype of Atraphaxis ledebourii sp. nov. RUSSIA. Tuva: Tes-Khem Raion, the southern slope of the East Tannu-Ola ridge, dry stone bed of the Khyralyg-Khem river, 1200 m, 03 June 1972, Khanminchun 4821 (holotype MW0061283).

FIGURE 15 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 15. Atraphaxis decipiens (A–F, I–L) and A. pungens × A. decipiens (G–H): leaf blades (A, G), fragment of thyrse (B, I, J), flowers (C, D, K), fruits (D–F, H), and styles (E, L). A–F—(310) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, Khayyrakan vill., steppe, 01 August 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). G–H—(309) RUSSIA. Tuva: Barun-Khemchik Raion, Shekpeer vill., 03 August 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). I–L—RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 28 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A, B, G, I, K); = 0.5 µm (C, D, F, H, J); = 0.2 µm (E, L).

FIGURE 9 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 9. Atraphaxis pungens (A–E) and A. × uyukensis (F): A–C—short generative shoots with small leaf blades; D–F—long vegetative shoots with large leaf blades. A—(184) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, Kartushibinskii ridge, vill. Shivilig, 16 June 1987, Shaulo & Krasnikov 84 (NSK). B—RUSSIA. Tuva: the West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, environs of Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3867 (NSK). C—(304) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, vicinity of Shivilig vill., 923 m, 52°13.434'N, 93°44.148'E, 26 Jul 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). D—(253) RUSSIA. Khakassia: Shira Raion, lake shore Fyrkal, 05 July 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (NSK). E—(115) MONGOLIA. Uver-Khangay: S of Tugrek, Bajangyin-Nuru (spurs of Dzegest-Ula), 27 July 1983, Gubanov 7471 (MW). F—(301) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 655 m, 27 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW).

FIGURE 6 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 6. Epidermal cells of perianth tube (A, C, E), tepals of perianth (B, D, F), fruits (G, L), styles (H, J, K), and fruit surface (I). A, B—A. kuvaevii (154), RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (MW0061320, holotype). C, D—A. pungens (255), RUSSIA. Khakassia: Askiz Raion, Kazanovka, Skvortsov (MW0061302). E, F, K—A. ledebourii (59), MONGOLIA. Ubsunur: S of Altan-Els, 70 km NE of Baruun-Turuun, 5 July 1988, Kamelin et al. 867 (LE). G–I—A. kuvaevii, RUSSIA, Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, West Sayan Mts, vill. Bayan-Kol, 8 July 1974, Lomonosova & Iskakova 2709 (MHA, NS). J—A. pungens (192), RUSSIA. Tuva: West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3867 (MHA). L—A. decipiens × A. ledebourii (238), RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, West Sayan Mts, the Uyuk ridge, vill. Bayan-Kol, 6 August 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). Scale Bar = 10 µm (A-F); = 300 µm (G), =100 µm (H); = 30 µm (I); =500 µm (J); =3 µm (K, L).

FIGURE 20 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 20. Atraphaxis ledebourii (298) RUSSIA. Tuva: Erzin Raion, 17 km N from the vill. Erzin, river bank Tarlashkyn, rocky outcrops and rocks, 1098 m, 50°22.992N, 95°05E.116, 29 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). A—leaf blade. B, C—perianth. D–F—styles in unripe (D, E) and ripe (F) fruit. Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A–C, D); = 0.5 µm (E); = 0.2 µm (F).

FIGURE 1 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Atraphaxis inferred from the combined chloroplast data set (trnL(UAA) intron + trnL-trnF IGS and rpl32-trnL(UAG) IGS) of Atraphaxis with Bactria ovczinnikovii as outgroup. Numbers above or below branches indicate aBayes support values (aB) equal or more than 0.7 and the posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (PP), equal or more than 0.9, respectively. The names of subclades are in the text.

FIGURE 3 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree of Atraphaxis inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS1–2 regions, aligned according to the prerRNA secondary structure of the ITS1 and ITS2 loci. Numbers above or below indicate aBayes support values (aB) equal or more than 0.7 and the posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (PP), equal or more than 0.9, respectively. The names of ribotypes see in the text.

FIGURE 12 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 12. Atraphaxis pungens (M.Bieb.) Jaub. & Spach.: leaf blades of short (A–B) and long (C) shoots, flowers (D–F, H–I), styles (G), and fruits (J–L). A, D—(192) RUSSIA. Tuva: the West Sayan, Kartushibinskii ridge, Semiozersk Slaughterhouse, 13 June 1980, Shaulo & Danilov 3845 (MHA). B, E–G—the same, 3867 (NSK). C, H, K, L—(303) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ordzhonikidze Raion, Iyus vill., Mt Sunduk, 05 July 2014, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). I, J—(304) RUSSIA. Tuva, Pii-Khem Raion, Shivilig vill., 26 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). Scale Bar = 1 µm (A, B, I); = 2 µm (C, H), = 0.2 µm (D, G, L); = 0.5 µm (E, F, J, K).

FIGURE 8 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 8. Distributional map of Atraphaxis species in RUSSIA: Tuva, based on plastid haplotypes: 1—A. pungens. 2—A. ledebourii. 3—A. × uyukensis. 4—A. decipiens. 5—A. decipiens × A. pungens. 6—A. kuvaevii. 7—A. decipiens × A. ledebourii.

FIGURE 5 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 5. Atraphaxis kuvaevii Yurtseva sp. nov.: leaf blades (A), perianth (B, C), styles (D, E), and fruit (F). A, E–F—(154) RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: the West Sayan, Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, left board of the Sayano-Shushenskii water reservoir, above the Kalbakmys river, stony mountain steppe, 615 m, 3 July 1987, Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (MW0061320— holotypus). B–D—(155) RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai, the West Sayan, Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, Taldy-Chaz stream, 3 July 1987. Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1013-6 (MW0061321). Scale bar = 1 mm (A–C); = 0.5 mm (D–F).

FIGURE 19 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 19. Atraphaxis decipiens × A. ledebourii (238) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, the Uyuk ridge, Bayan-Kol ferry, 6 August 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). A—leaf blade. B—fragment of a thyrse. C—perianth. D—fruit. E—styles on unripe fruit. F—styles on ripe fruit. Scale Bar: = 1 µm (A–C, D); = 0.5 µm (E); = 0.2 µm (F).

FIGURE 18 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 18. Atraphaxis decipiens × A. ledebourii (A–E) and A. ledebourii × A. decipiens (F). A, B, C—(238) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, the Uyuk ridge, Bayan-Kol ferry, 6 Aug 1976, Lomonosova & Ivanova 2408 (MHA). D—(254) RUSSIA. Tuva: Erzin Raion, Naryn, 12 July 1972, Krasnoborov & Kosinets 3662 (LE). E—(306) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, the Senek river, 25 June 1977, Neifeld & Margasova (MHA). F—(246) RUSSIA. Tuva: Ulug-Khem Raion, N of Seserlig vill., 30 July 1974, Lomonosova & Kurlaev 2956 (MHA).

FIGURE 4 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 4. Holotype of Atraphaxis kuvaevii Yurtseva sp. nov.: RUSSIA. Krasnoyarskii Krai: the West Sayan, Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, left board of the Sayano-Shushenskii water reservoir, above the Kalbakmys river, stony mountain steppe, 615 m, 3 July 1987, Kuvaev & Sonnikova 1015-13 (holotype MW0061320)

FIGURE 14 in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 14. Atraphaxis × uyukensis Yurtseva nom. provis.: leaf blade (A), perianth in fruiting (B), fruit (C). styles in young flower (D, E, F). A–C—(301) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, Kara-Khaak vill., 27 July 2015, Kostikov & Kostikova (MW). D–G—(241) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, the Uyuk ridge, the right bank of the Big Yenisey opposite Kara-Khaak vill., 1 June 2013, Doronkin T 212 (NSK). H, I—(311) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, mouth of the Uyuk river, 31 May 1988, Shaulo & Shaulo 11 / 560 (NSK) Scale Bar: = 2 µm (A); =1 µm (B, D–F, H); = 0.2 µm (C, G, I).

FIGURE 11. A in A broadly sampled 3-loci plastid phylogeny of Atraphaxis (Polygoneae, Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) reveals new taxa: III. A. kuvaevii and сryptic species in A. pungens from Southern Siberia and Northern Mongolia

FIGURE 11. A. × uyukensis Yurtseva, nom. provis. A, D—(241) RUSSIA. Tuva: Kyzyl Raion, spurs of the Uyuk ridge, the right bank of the Big-Khem (Big Yenisey) river above the mouth of the Seserlig river, opposite the vill. Kara-Khaak. nanophyton steppe, 600 m, 51°54'14''N, 94°25'30"E, 1 June 2013, Doronkin. T 212 (NSK). B, E—(311) RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, the West Sayan, mouth of the Uyuk river, rocks, 52°07'N, 94°20'E, 31 May 1988, Shaulo & Shulo NS-11 / 560 (NSK). C, D—RUSSIA. Tuva: Pii-Khem Raion, the West Sayan, the Uyuk ridge, mouth of the Uyuk river, 9 August 1986, Shaulo & Zhdanova 312 (NSK).