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66 results for “Attentional orienting”
Pupil dilation during orienting of attention and conscious detection of visual targets in patients with left spatial neglect
<p>Right Brain-Damaged patients (RBD) with left spatial neglect (N+), are characterised by deficits in orienting and re-orienting attention to stimuli in the contralesional left side of space. In a recent ERPs study with visual stimuli (Lasaponara et al., 2018) we have pointed out that the pathological attentional bias of N+ is matched with exaggerated novelty reaction and contextual updating of targets in the right ipsilesional space and reduced novelty reaction and contextual updating of targets in the left contralesional space. To characterise further the attentional performance of N+, here we measured Pupil Dilation (PDil), which is a reliable marker of noradrenergic-locus coeruleus activity and response to unexpected events/rewards. Compared to Neutral and Valid targets, N+ patients displayed a pathological reduction of PDil in response to infrequent Invalid targets in the left side of space, while in Healthy Controls (HC) and RBD without neglect (N-) the same targets enhanced PDil with respect to Neutral and frequent Valid targets. Invalid targets in the right side of space enhanced PDil in all experimental groups. Interestingly, both N- and N+ showed a consistent number of target omissions both in the left and right side of space. With respect to seen targets, N- showed reduced PDil in response to unseen targets both in the left and right side of space. In contrast, N+ had reduced PDil in response to unseen targets in the left side of space though not in the right side, where seen and unseen targets evoked comparable levels of PDil. These results disclose, for the first time, the PDil correlates of spatial attention in left spatial neglect and suggest that the pathological attentional bias suffered by N+ might enhance the autonomic responses reflected in PDil to unseen ipsilesional stimuli. This enhancement can contribute to biasing contextual updating and predictive coding of stimuli in the ipsilesional space, thus worsening the pathological attentional bias of N+.</p>
FIGURES 253-259. Wings. 253 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 253-259. Wings. 253. Elaphropeza singaporensis sp. nov. 254. E. pluriacantha sp. nov. 255. E. yangi sp. nov. 256. E. spiralis sp. nov. 257. E. bicaudata. 258. E. biuncinata. 259. E. hirsutitibia. 260-261. E. palpata.
FIGURES 249–250. Phalli. 249 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 249–250. Phalli. 249. Elaphropeza sime sp. nov. 250. E. flavicaput sp. nov. 251. E. biuncinata. 252. E. spiralis sp. nov.
FIGURES 235–240. Ovipositors. 235. Elaphropeza ephippiata. 236. E. bicaudata. 237. E. bicaudata ventral. 238. E in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 235–240. Ovipositors. 235. Elaphropeza ephippiata. 236. E. bicaudata. 237. E. bicaudata ventral. 238. E. feminata sp. nov. 239. E. biuncinata. 240. E. singaporensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 241–245. Hypandria. 241. Elaphropeza biuncinata. 242. E. ephippiata. 243. E. ephippiata, detail tip. 244. E in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 241–245. Hypandria. 241. Elaphropeza biuncinata. 242. E. ephippiata. 243. E. ephippiata, detail tip. 244. E. meieri sp. nov. 245. E. bicaudata.
FIGURES 218–224. 218 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 218–224. 218. Elaphropeza crassicercus sp. nov., hind tibia. 219. E. biuncinata, mid tibia. 220. E. biuncinata, hind tibia anteriorly. 221. E. biuncinata, tip of hind tibia posteriorly. 222. E. bicaudata, hind femur and tibia. 223. E. bezzii sp. nov., hind tibia anteriorly. 224. E. palpata, hind femur and tibia anteriorly.
FIGURES 246–248. Elaphropeza ephippiata. 246. epandrium with cerci. 247. right epandrial lamella. 248 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 246–248. Elaphropeza ephippiata. 246. epandrium with cerci. 247. right epandrial lamella. 248. left surstylus.
FIGURES 212–217 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 212–217. Mesonotum: 212. E. tiomanensis sp. nov. 213. E. monospina sp. nov. 214. E. benitotani sp. nov. 215. E. spiralis sp. nov. 216. E. melanderi sp. nov. 217. E. equalis sp. nov.
FIGURES 225–234. Abdominal tergites dorsal view. 225. Elaphropeza bicaudata. 226. E in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 225–234. Abdominal tergites dorsal view. 225. Elaphropeza bicaudata. 226. E. equalis sp. nov. 227. E. monospina sp. nov. 228. E. riatanae sp. nov. 229. E. combinata sp. nov. 230. E. yeoi sp. nov. 231. E. spiralis sp. nov. 232. E. spicata sp. nov. 233. E. meieri sp. nov. 234. E. neesoonensis sp. nov.
FIGURES 205–208 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 205–208. Elaphropeza palpata de Meijere (Singapore) 205. antenna. 206. epandrium with cerci. 207. right epandrial lamella. 208. left surstylus.
FIGURES 209–211. 209 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 209–211. 209. Elaphropeza biuncinata: mouthparts. 210. E. palpata: head. 211. E. biuncinata pleura. Abbreviations: cx1: fore coxa; cx2: mid coxa; cx3: hind coxa; hypl: hypopleuron (= meron); mpl: mesopleuron (= anepisternum); mtn: metanotum (= postnotum); ptpl: pteropleuron (anepimeron); sc: scutellum; stpl: sternopleuron (= katepisternum).
FIGURES 196–199 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 196–199. Elaphropeza equalis sp. nov. 196. antenna. 197. epandrium with cerci. 198. right epandrial lamella. 199. left surstylus.
FIGURES 200–203 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 200–203. Elaphropeza demeijerei sp. nov. 200. antenna. 201. epandrium with cerci. 202. right epandrial lamella and cerci. 203. left surstylus.
FIGURES 192–195 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 192–195. Elaphropeza bicaudata (Melander) 192. antenna. 193. epandrium with cerci. 194. left cercus lateral view. 195. left surstylus.
FIGURES 188–190 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 188–190. Elaphropeza calcarifera (Melander) 188. epandrium with cerci. 189. right epandrial lamella and cerci. 190. left surstylus.
FIGURES 157–161 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 157–161. Elaphropeza bezzii sp. nov. 157. antenna. 158. epandrium with cerci. 159. right epandrial lamella. 160. apical part of left surstylus dorsal view. 161. left surstylus.
FIGURES 179–181. Female antennae. 179 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 179–181. Female antennae. 179. Elaphropeza modesta sp. nov. 180. E. feminata sp. nov. 181. E. singulata sp. nov.
FIGURES 162–165 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 162–165. Elaphropeza ngi sp. nov. 162. antenna. 163. epandrium with cerci. 164. right epandrial lamella. 165. left surstylus.
FIGURES 175–178 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 175–178. Elaphropeza ubinensis sp. nov. 175. antenna. 176. epandrium with cerci. 177. right epandrial lamella. 178. left surstylus and cercus.
FIGURES 141–144 in Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore
FIGURES 141–144. Elaphropeza riatanae sp. nov. 141. antenna. 142. epandrium with cerci. 143. right epandrial lamella. 144. left surstylus.
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