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24 results for “Australian Wet Tropics”
Linked collectors and determiners for: A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6037268b-0c87-43b5-94b9-a6319301b792">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6037268b-0c87-43b5-94b9-a6319301b792</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6037268b-0c87-43b5-94b9-a6319301b792">https://gbif.org/dataset/6037268b-0c87-43b5-94b9-a6319301b792</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Laying low: Rugged lowland rainforest preferred by feral cats in the Australian wet tropics
<p>Invasive mesopredators are responsible for the decline of many species of native mammals worldwide. Feral cats have been causally linked to multiple extinctions of Australian mammals since European colonisation. While feral cats are found throughout Australia, most research has been undertaken in arid habitats, thus there is a limited understanding of feral cat distribution, abundance, and ecology in Australian tropical rainforests. We carried out camera-trapping surveys at 108 locations across seven study sites, spanning 200 km in the Australian Wet Tropics. Single-species occupancy analysis was implemented to investigate how environmental factors influence feral cat distribution. Feral cats were detected at a rate of 5.09 photographs/100 days, 11 times higher than previously recorded in the Australian Wet Tropics. The main environmental factors influencing feral cat occupancy were a positive association with terrain ruggedness, a negative association with elevation, and a higher affinity for rainforest than eucalypt forest. These findings were consistent with other studies on feral cat ecology but differed from similar surveys in Australia. Increasingly harsh and consistently wet weather conditions at higher elevations, and improved shelter in topographically complex habitats may drive cat preference for lowland rainforest. Feral cats were positively associated with roads, supporting the theory that roads facilitate access and colonisation of feral cats within more remote parts of the rainforest. Higher elevation rainforests with no roads could act as refugia for native prey species within the critical weight range. Regular monitoring of existing roads should be implemented to monitor feral cats, and new linear infrastructure should be limited to prevent encroachment into these areas. This is pertinent as climate change modelling suggests that habitats at higher elevations will become similar to lower elevations, potentially making the environment more suitable for feral cat populations.</p>
Laying low: Rugged lowland rainforest preferred by feral cats in the Australian wet tropics
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Data from: Ants as ecological indicators of rainforest restoration: community convergence and the development of an Ant Forest Indicator Index in the Australian wet tropics
Ecosystem restoration can help reverse biodiversity loss, but whether faunal communities of forests undergoing restoration converge with those of primary forest over time remains contentious. There is a need to develop faunal indicators of restoration success that more comprehensively reflect changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function. Ants are an ecologically dominant faunal group and are widely advocated as ecological indicators. We examine ant species and functional group responses on a chronosequence of rainforest restoration in northern Australia, and develop a novel method for selecting and using indicator species. Four sampling techniques were used to survey ants at 48 sites, from grassland, through various ages (1–24 years) of restoration plantings, to mature forest. From principal components analysis of seven vegetation metrics, we derived a Forest Development Index (FDI) of vegetation change along the chronosequence. A novel Ant Forest Indicator Index (AFII), based on the occurrences of ten key indicator species associated with either grassland or mature forest, was used to assess ant community change with forest restoration. Grasslands and mature forests supported compositionally distinct ant communities at both species and functional levels. The AFII was strongly correlated with forest development (FDI). At forest restoration sites older than 5–10 years that had a relatively closed canopy, ant communities converged on those of mature rainforest, indicating a promising restoration trajectory for fauna as well as plants. Our findings reinforce the utility of ants as ecological indicators and emphasize the importance of restoration methods that achieve rapid closed-canopy conditions. The novel AFII assessed restoration status from diverse and patchily distributed species, closely tracking ant community succession using comprehensive species-level data. It has wide applicability for assessing forest restoration in a way that is relatively independent of sampling methodology and intensity, and without a need for new comparative data from reference sites.
FIGURE 3. A in Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus
FIGURE 3. A single representative call of: (A) C. australis sp. nov., Tully Falls, 750 m a.s.l., 18°C; (B) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov., Mt Diamantina, Hinchinbrook Island, 770 m a.s.l., 19°C; (C) Cophixalus ornatus, Butchers Ck, 715 m a.s.l., 18.5°C. These calls were selected because they are from similar altitudes and temperatures, and because they fall near the group centroid of variation within each species from analyses in Hoskin et al. (2011). Waveforms display amplitude (y-axis) against time (x-axis, seconds); Spectrograms display call frequency (y-axis) and intensity (degree of shading) against time (x-axis, seconds).
FIGURE 1 in Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus
FIGURE 1. Phylogeny (A) and distributions (B) of C. australis sp. nov., C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. and C. ornatus. (A) Maximum likelihood tree constructed from 513 bp 16S mtDNA. The phylogeny shows the relationship between C. ornatus, C. australis sp. nov. and C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. The tree also shows the three subgroups within C. australis sp. nov.: Mt Bartle Frere region (BF), Lowland (L) and Southern (S). Numbers at major nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities. (B) Map of the Wet Tropics region of north-east Australia and an enlargement of the Atherton Tablelands-Mt Bartle Frere region. The coloured dots show the most common mtDNA lineage at each site, with dot colour matching the phylogeny. The site numbers match the locality details in Table 1. This figure is modified from Figs 3 and C1 in Hoskin et al. (2011).
FIGURE 4 in Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus
FIGURE 4. The snout to vent length (SVL) of male C. australis sp. nov. on an altitudinal transect up the eastern slope of Mt Bartle Frere. Symbols represent the Mt Bartle Frere region (BF) genetic subgroup (closed triangles) and the Lowland (L) subgroup (closed circles). These two lineages are sympatric at sites between 400–600 m a.s.l. All individuals at these sites are here treated as potential hybrids (open squares) because genetic analyses have revealed extensive introgression at these sites and because the status of all individuals could not be determined with certainty based on the loci used (low power to detect backcrosses).
FIGURE 2 in Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus
FIGURE 2. Photos of: (A) the holotype of C. australis sp. nov. (QMJ43655); (B) C. australis sp. nov. in life, Mt Hypipamee (photo: Conrad Hoskin); (C) the holotype of C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. (QMJ44166); (D) C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. in life, Hinchinbrook Island (photo: Alex Anderson); (E) the holotype of C. ornatus (R222); (F) C. ornatus in life, Kuranda (photo: Conrad Hoskin).
FIGURE 2 in A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics
FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Kalamemiris collessi sp. nov. (a, b) body from dorsal view; (c, d) body from lateral view; (e, f) head from frontal view; (g, h) head from lateral view; (a, c, e, g) male; (b, d, f, h) female, Scales = 1 mm unless otherwise marked.
FIGURE 3 in A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Kalamemiris collessi sp. nov. (a, b) thorax from lateral view; (c, d) mesothorax from lateral view; (e, f) metathoracic scent gland; (a, c, e) male and (b, d, e) female, EvA, evaporative area; Mts, metathoracic spiracle; Pe, peritreme; scale= 100µm.
FIGURE 1 in A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics
FIGURE 1. Habitus photographs of Kalamemiris collessi sp. nov.: male and female, dorsal and lateral views; Scale=1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Kalamemiris collessi sp. nov., (a) tarsal claw, (b) vestiture on male corium, (c) female antenna, scale are marked on photographs
FIGURE 5 in A remarkable new plant bug genus and species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Deraocorinae) from the Australian wet tropics
FIGURE 5. Kalamemiris collessi sp. nov., Left and right parameres (left), pygophore in posteroventral view (right), LP, left paramere; Ph, phallotheca; RP, right paramere; scale= 100µm.
FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 2. Ordination analyses for Cairnsichthys individuals in the first two dimensions showing northern (diamonds) and southern (circles) populations for (A) PCoA of nuclear genetic markers based on 29 fish and 52 allozyme loci; envelopes show different populations and site codes match Table 1 (75% and 10% of multivariate variation on dimensions 1 and 2 respectively), (B) PCA of meristic data based on 55 fish and 10 variable characters; correlations between data and character variables shown with eigenvectors, codes match Table 2 (31% and 14% variation), and (C) PCA of morphometric data based on 50 fish and 21 characters; eigenvector codes match Table 2 (25% and 16% variation).
FIGURE 5 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 5. Large adult pair of Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. from Little Cooper Creek, photographed in an aquarium (ca. 50–60 mm SL); the upper fish is the male (MH).
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 1. Location map in the wet Tropics bioregion of northeastern Australia showing Cairnsichthys study collection sites (see Table 1), including locations of other museum material examined, larger cities/towns and major rivers.
FIGURE 4 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. freshly prepared holotype (QM I.39335), 65.6 mm SL male, Little Cooper Creek (MH).
FIGURE 8 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 8. Typical rainforest fast flowing stream habitat and type locality of Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov., Little Cooper Creek, wet Tropics bioregion, northern Australia, including adult fish (lower centre of underwater image) positioned in area of high velocity (MH).
FIGURE 7 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 7. Comparative specimen images of sister rainbowfish species: (left) Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. (A) freshly prepared holotype (QM I.39335), 65.6 mm SL male, Little Cooper Creek, (B) preserved holotype, (C) freshly prepared specimen (NTM S.17778-001), 44.4 mm SL male, Little Cooper Creek, (D) radiograph of holotype with arrow highlighting the close arrangement of the first two anal fin rays compared to the following rays, and (right) C. rhombosomoides (E) freshly prepared specimen (NTM S.17700-001), 52.4 mm SL male, Smoko Creek, (F) preserved specimen, Smoko Creek (NTM S.17700-001), (G) preserved paratype (AMS IA.4774) 37.5 mm SL, Babinda Creek, (H) radiograph of representative specimen with arrow highlighting different spacing of anal fin rays (NTM S.17930-001), 50.0 mm SL male, Nyleta Creek.
FIGURE 6 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species
FIGURE 6. Comparative life images of sister rainbowfish species, aquarium images unless otherwise stated: (left) Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. (A) adult male from Hutchinson Creek, image reversed (KM), (B) adult female from Little Cooper Creek yawning (KM), (C) group of smaller adults from Little Cooper Creek showing narrow body and double stripes (KM), (D) in situ photograph of adult, Little Cooper Creek (GA), and (right) C. rhombosomoides from Harvey Creek (E) adult male (KM) (F), sparing large adult males, image reversed (Gunther Schmida), (G) group of smaller adults showing deep body and single stripe (KM), (H) in situ photograph of adult (Nathan Litjens).
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