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Fig. 6 in Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson, 1965 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Australian macropodid marsupials with the description of a new species, P. patriciae n. sp.

Fig. 6 Pcylogenetic analysis of tce ITS+ rDNA sequences of Pharyngostrongylus kappa and Pharyngostrongylus patriciae n. sp. from various cost species and geograpcical locations. Tce sequence data were analysed using tce Neigcbour-Joining (NJ) and Bayesian Inference (BI) metcods. Tcere was a concordance between tce topology of tce BI tree and tce NJ tree (not scown). Nodal support is given as a posterior probability of BI/bootstrap value for NJ. Unique sequences are presented witc a GenBank accession no. followed by tce vouccer number, and cost and locality. Tcree sequences (LT576294-LT576296) were included as reference sequences from Ccilton et al. [12]. Cloacina ernabella was used as tce outgroup. Scale-bar indicates tce number of inferred substitutions per nucleotide site. Abbreviations: NSW, New Soutc Wales; NT, Nortcern Territory; QLD, Queensland; stn, station; VIC, Victoria; WA, Western Australia

Fig. 7 in Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson, 1965 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Australian macropodid marsupials with the description of a new species, P. patriciae n. sp.

Fig. 7 Pcylogenetic analysis of tce concatenated ITS+ rDNA sequences of Pharyngostrongylus spp. from various cost species and geograpcical locations. Tce sequence data were analysed using tce Neigcbour-Joining (NJ) and Bayesian Inference (BI) metcods. Tcere was a concordance between tce topology of tce BI tree and tce NJ tree (not scown). Nodal support is given as a posterior probability of BI. Cloacina ernabella was used as tce outgroup. Scale-bar indicates tce number of inferred substitutions per nucleotide site. Abbreviations: NSW, New Soutc Wales; NT, Nortcern Territory; QLD, Queensland; VIC, Victoria; WA, Western Australia

Fig. 2 in Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson, 1965 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Australian macropodid marsupials with the description of a new species, P. patriciae n. sp.

Fig. 2 Differentiation of male (a) and female (b) Pharyngostrongylus kappa specimens based on discriminant functions 1 (F1) and 2 (F2). Centroids are scown as small circles witcin eacc cost group

Fig. 4 in Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson, 1965 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Australian macropodid marsupials with the description of a new species, P. patriciae n. sp.

Fig. 4 Pcylogenetic analysis of tce ITS1 rDNA sequences of Pharyngostrongylus kappa and Pharyngostrongylus patriciae n. sp. from various cost species and geograpcical locations. Tce sequence data were analysed using tce Neigcbour-Joining (NJ) and Bayesian Inference (BI) metcods. Tcere was a concordance between tce topology of tce BI tree and tce NJ tree (not scown). Nodal support is given as a posterior probability of BI/bootstrap value for NJ. Eacc unique sequence is presented witc a GenBank accession no. followed by tce vouccer number, and its cost and locality. Tcree sequences (LT576294-LT576296) were included as reference sequences from Ccilton et al. [12]. Cloacina ernabella was used as tce outgroup. Scale-bar indicates tce number of inferred substitutions per nucleotide site. Abbreviations: NSW, New Soutc Wales; NT, Nortcern Territory; QLD, Queensland; stn, station; VIC, Victoria; WA, Western Australia

Fig. 3 Pharyngostrongylus patriciae n in Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson, 1965 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Australian macropodid marsupials with the description of a new species, P. patriciae n. sp.

Fig. 3 Pharyngostrongylus patriciae n. sp. from tce stomacc of Osphranter robustus. 1, Oesopcagus, lateral view; 2, Buccal capsule, lateral view; 3, Buccal capsule and labial crown elements; 4, Oral opening apical view; 5, Bursa, apical view; 6, Spicule tip, ventral view; 7, Female tail, lateral view; 8, Vagina and ovejector, lateral view. Scale-bars: 1, 7, 8, 100 μm; 2–4, 10 μm; 5–6, 50 μm

Fig. 5 in Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pharyngostrongylus kappa Mawson, 1965 (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Australian macropodid marsupials with the description of a new species, P. patriciae n. sp.

Fig. 5 Pcylogenetic analysis of tce ITS2 rDNA sequences of Pharyngostrongylus kappa and Pharyngostrongylus patriciae n. sp. from various cost species and geograpcical locations. Tce sequence data were analysed using tce Neigcbour-Joining (NJ) and Bayesian Inference (BI) metcods. Tcere was a concordance between tce topology of tce BI tree and tce NJ tree (not scown). Nodal support is given as a posterior probability of BI/bootstrap value for NJ. Eacc unique sequence is presented witc a GenBank accession no. followed by tce vouccer number, and its cost and locality. Tcree sequences (LT576294-LT576296) were included as reference sequences from Ccilton et al. [12]. Cloacina ernabella was used as tce outgroup. Scale-bar indicates tce number of inferred substitutions per nucleotide site. Abbreviations: NSW, New Soutc Wales; NT, Nortcern Territory; QLD, Queensland; stn, station; VIC, Victoria; WA, Western Australia

Fig. 11 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 11. Transmission electron micrograph of an epimastigote and an amastigote of G2 (Clade A). (A) Epimastigote in culture; Ax: Axoneme showing nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a central pair; Ac: Acidocalcisomes; Arrow: Subpellicular microtubules. (B) Amastigote inside a VERO cell. Scale bars = 0.5 µm (A), 1 µm (B).

Fig. 9 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 9. Infection of Vero (A) and L6 cells (B) with G2 (Clade A) and T. cruzi as a positive control of infection (Diff-Quick stained). (A) Intracellular amastigotes of G2. (B) Intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 8 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 8. Epimastigotes of G1 and G2 (Clade A) arranged in rosettes in culture. (A) Diff-Quick stained rosettes. (B) Rosettes in fresh wet preparations showing numerous intracellular acidocalcisomes. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 7 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 7. Light microscopy of Diff-Quick stained blood and culture forms of G1 and G2 (Clade A) (A) Trypomastigote in blood of a woylie naturally infected; (B) slender epimastigote in culture; (C and D) shaped epimastigote in culture; (E) spheromastigote in culture; (F) spheromastigotes dividing in culture. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 6 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 6. Structures suggestive of amastigotes (arrows) of G2 (Clade A) in heart tissue positive by PCR (H&E stained). Scale bars = (A) 20 µm, (B) 10 µm.

Fig. 5 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 5. Histopathology of two woylies naturally infected with G2 (Clade A) (H&E stained). (A) Multifocal, moderate to severe, chronic, pyogranulomatous myocarditis and (B) endocarditis. (C) Mineralisation of heart tissue. (D) Tongue showing multifocal, moderate, chronic, pyogranulomatous glossitis. (E) Skeletal muscle degeneration. (F) Inflammatory cells around a blood vessel. Scale bars = 20 µm.

Fig. 3 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the new trypanosome isolates from Western Australian marsupials based on gGAPDH sequences (~810 bp) using Mr Bayes. The tree was rooted with five sequences as outgroups. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. Bar, 0.07 substitutions per site.

Fig. 10 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of G2 (Clade A) grown in culture with Vero cells. (A) Trypomastigote invading a cell, with the flagella still external to the cell. (B) Dead cell(s) surrounded by amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Scale bars = 2 µm (A), 4 µm (B).

Fig. 4 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 4. Prevalence of infection with trypanosomes within the different clades in woylies from the stable and declining populations. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Fig. 2 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between Australian trypanosomes based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the Bayesian method sequences (~1410 bp). (B) Phylogenetic position of shorter 18S rDNA sequences (786 bp) CHA1, TRY1, TRY2, WYA1, WYA2, BDA1, Q3, Q10, GP63 and GP94. Threes were rooted with from Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. In red: trypanosome genotypes found in this study. Bar, 0.2 substitutions per site.

Fig. 4 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Rugopharynx and Rugonema labiatum based on a neighbor-joining analysis of the sequence data of the ITS+ nuclear ribosomal DNA. Values above and below branches represent the NJ and MP bootstrap values (respectively) that were greater than 70%.

Fig. 3 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Rugopharynx and Rugonema labiatum based on a Bayesian analysis of the sequence data of the ITS+ nuclear ribosomal DNA. Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities that were greater than 0.8. Abbreviations of Australian state names are provided in Table 1.

Fig. 2 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 2. Morphological buccal capsule types in the genus Rugopharynx. I, simple cylindrical buccal capsule, R. macropodis; IIA, bilobed buccal capsule with subequal divisions, R. epsilon; IIB, bilobed buccal capsule with anterior lobe shorter, R. rufogrisea; III, trilobed buccal capsule, R. longibursaris.

Fig. 1 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 1. Localities within Australia at which specimens of Rugopharynx used in this study were collected. Coordinates for each locality are provided in Table 1. 1, Lake Clifton; 2, Waroona; 3, Collie, Wellington Dam; 4, Perup River; 5, Kalgoorlie; 6, Wallerberdina Station; 7, Port Augusta; 8, Ashbourne; 9, Kangaroo Island; 10, Naracoorte; 11, Hattah Lakes National Park; 12, Yan Yean; 13, The Gurdies; 14, Launceston; 15, Emu Flat, Bondo State Forest; 16, Trangie; 17, Grafton; 18, Lamington National Park; 19, Miles; 20, Dawes; 21, Mt Sebastopol; 22, Rockhampton; 23, Winton; 24, Proserpine; 25, Bowen; 26, Magnetic Island; 27, Lake Barrine.