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Fig. 3 in Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

Fig. 3. Lower jaw of a. Kryptolebias brasiliensis (modified from Costa, 2004), b. Pterolebias longipinnis, c. Papiliolebiass bitteri, d. Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, e. Austrolebias juanlangi, f. Austrolebias wolterstorffi; aad = anguloarticular dorsal process, aav = anguloarticular ventral process, d = dentary, r = retroarticular. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

Fig. 10. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Austrolebias, based on the molecular markers (ribosomal unit 16s, Cytochrome b, RAG1, Glyt). Values above branches are posterior probabilities. Colored areas same as Fig. 12.

Fig. 2 in Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

Fig. 2. Urohyal bone of a. Kryptolebias brasiliensis (modified from Costa, 2004), b. Atlantirivulus aff. paranaguensis, c. Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, d. Ophthalmolebias constanciae, e. Austrolebias juanlangi, f. Austrolebias wolterstorffi; adp = anterodorsal process. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

Fig. 5. Anterior section of anal fin of a. Papiliolebias bitteri, b. Pterolebias longipinnis, c. Ophthalmolebias constanciae; apr1-2 = proximal radials fused. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

Fig. 1. Suspensorium of a. Kryptolebias caudomarginatus (Seegers) (modified from Costa, 1998), b. Pterolebias longipinnis Garman, c. Papiliolebias bitteri (Costa), d. Cynopoecilus melanotaenia (Reagan), e. Ophthalmolebias constanciae (Myers), f. Austrolebias vazferreirai (Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert & Salvia). "a" = autopalatine, hy = hyomandibula, "mrpr" = median rim of preopercle, "ms" = mesopterygoid, "mt" = metapterygoid, "pro" = preopercle, "q" = quadrate, "sy" = symplectic. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

Fig. 8. Pectoral girdle of a. Papiliolebias bitteri, b. Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, c. Ophthalmolebias constanciae; cl = cleithrum, co = coracoid, pr = pectoral radial, pt = postemporal, scl = supracleithrum, sq = scapula. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 3. Standard length (SL) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi sexually differentiated (males and females) and undifferentiated (juveniles), at 46 (A) and 53 (B) days after hatching. Different letters represent significant differences in SL means (A: t test, px <0.05, B: ANOVA, Tukey, p> 0.05).

Fig. 5 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 5. Effect of temperature on growth in standard length (SL) of female (A) and male (B) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi under different ages (DAH = days after hatching). The arrows indicate the inflection points of curves.

Fig. 4 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 4. Effect of temperature on growth in standard length (SL) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi under different ages (DAH = days after hatching). The arrows indicate the inflection points of curves.

Fig. 2 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 2. Standard length (SL) of females (A) and males (B) and weight (W) of females (C) and males (D) (mean ± standard error) Austrolebias wolterstorffi kept in the laboratory for 67 days after hatching (DAH) under different temperatures. Different letters represent significant mean differences between treatments (ANOVA, Tukey, p <0.05)

Fig. 1 in Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Fig. 1. Standard length (SL) (mean ± standard error) of Austrolebias wolterstorffi kept in the laboratory for 46 days after hatching (DAH) under different temperatures. Different letters represent significant mean differences between treatments (ANOVA, Tukey, p <0.05)

FIGURE 7 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 7 | Austrolebias ayoreode. Females (immediately after collection). Above: MNKP 16590, paratype, 26.1 mm SL; Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory, Ñembi Guasu Conservation and Ecological Importance Area. Below: MNKP 16587 (vertically flipped), paratype, female, 38.1 mm SL, collected with MNKP 16590.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 4 | Biotope at type-locality of Austrolebias accorsii. Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory, 18°39'26.2"S 62°58'00.2"W, 30 April 2021.

FIGURE 8 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 8 | Biotope at type-locality of Austrolebias ayoreode. Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory, Ñembi Guasu Conservation and Ecological Importance Area, 19°08'46"S 59°55'44"W, 10 Jun 2021. A. Well-illuminated area; B. Less illuminated area.

FIGURE 9 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 9 | Occurrence localities of Austrolebias species. Stars represent type-localities, dots other records. Colors differentiate the species (A. accorsii red, A. ayoreode yellow, A. bellottii dark yellow, A. ephemerus green, A. melanoorus pale green, A. queguay black, A. univentripinnis pale blue, A. vandenbergi blue) Sources: Biogeographic provinces from Morrone et al. (2022); Ecoregions from Olson et al. (2001); Basemap ESRI World Topo (2022).

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 6 | Austrolebias ayoreode. Males (immediately after collection). Two uppermost: MNKP 16590, paratypes, 34.7–34.8 mm SL, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory, Ñembi Guasu Conservation and Ecological Importance Area. Lower six: MNKP 16587, paratypes, 21.2–34.7 mm SL, collected with uppermost.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 5 | Austrolebias ayoreode. Male and female (1 day after collection). Above: MNKP 16612, holotype, male, 50.7 mm SL, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory, Ñembi Guasu Conservation and Ecological Importance Area. Below: MNKP 16587, paratype, female, 38.1 mm SL, collected with holotype.

FIGURE 2 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 2 | Austrolebias accorsii. Females (1 day after collection). MNKP 16552, topotypes, 33.72–42.61 mm SL, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 3 | Occurrence localities of Austrolebias species in the northern Chacoan province. Stars represent type-localities, colors differentiate the species (A. accorsii red, Austrolebias n. sp. yellow, A. ephemerus green, A. vandenbergi blue). Blue numbers indicate the Hydrologic Unit (Pfafstetter, level 5). Sources: Ecoregions from Olson et al. (2001); Hydrologic Units from Lehner, Grill (2013); Basemap ESRI World Topo (2022).

FIGURE 1 in Redescription of Austrolebias accorsii (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) and description of a new species of the genus from the upper Paraguay River basin

FIGURE 1 | Austrolebias accorsii. Males (1 day after collection). Left: MNKP 16556, 32.4–42.3 mm SL, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory. Right: MNKP 16552, topotypes, 39.3–48.6 mm SL, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Cordillera, Charagua Iyambae Guarani Autonomous Territory.