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216 results for “Auxin”
Seedling emergence and biomass data of nine dryland plant species characterizing the impact of soil residual auxin herbicide across two soil types and water pulse events on greenhouse growth; Las Cruces, New Mexico, Spring 2021.
Synthetic-auxin herbicides are often used to control woody plants and aid in grassland restoration. Seed-based restoration is common alongside herbicide applications and there may be unintended effects of these herbicides on dryland plant species at the seed and seedling stages. Additionally, abiotic conditions at the time of herbicide application may influence herbicide-soil-plant interactions. We conducted a greenhouse study to examine the effects of a common shrub-control herbicide mix and its interaction with soil type and a post-herbicide water pulse on common desert plant seeds and seedlings. In this greenhouse study, we found that a subset of species responded negatively to soil residual herbicide activity of a mixture of aminopyralid, clopyralid, and triclopyr at the seed and seedling stages. Species sensitive to soil herbicide residues were primarily shrub and forb species that are often the target species of herbicide applications for woody plant control, such as Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) and Larrea tridentata (creosote bush). However, two shrub species (Atriplex canescens [four-wing saltbush] and Yucca elata [soaptree yucca]) and one perennial grass species (Digitaria californica [Arizona cottontop]), which are used in dryland restoration projects, were found to be particularly sensitive to soil residual herbicide activity. Thus, if using these herbicides to control woody plants and restore herbaceous vegetation via active seeding or relying on the in situ seed bank, considerations should be given to what species are used in the seed mix, what species are already present in the soil seed bank, and other details of the circumstances of herbicide application.
The LAVA mutants defective in auxin-regulated primary or lateral root development.
<p><span>Regulation of PIN activity, polarity as well as auxin gradient generation and its canalisation remain crucial topics in plant developmental biology especially in the context of organogenesis like the formation new lateral roots. Here, we are presenting the LAVA (LR Alterations Visualised after Auxin) collection of 278 mutants, defective in auxin-induced lateral root (LR) morphogenesis. Those mutants were obtained from a forward genetic screen in which synthetic auxin 1-Naphtyl Acetic Acid (1-NAA) was used to induce LR formation in the mutagenized PIN3::PIN3-GFP population. Our database contains mutant root phenotyping and for a subset of the collection, we recorded PIN polarity and subcellular trafficking, cotyledon vasculature development, primary and LR gravitropism as well as aerial phenotypes with some reminiscent to auxin-regulated organogenesis aberrations. We are convinced that our dataset can serve as a unique tool to identify novel components of auxin signalling, transport, and cell polarity but also be of interest to the broader plant research community interested in the roots system architecture that is vital for plant survival, growth and adaptation to environmental conditions.</span></p> <p><span>The phenotype analysis of the mutant collection is summarized and organised in an Excel spreadsheet (2024-08-07_mutant_database_Table S1). The photographic material is organised in folder form (see Supporting Data S1 in this repository), where each folder number corresponds to a particular mutant and entry in the excel table.</span></p> <p><span> Mutant seeds will be available in the European Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC). The seed sending to the repository is in progress. </span></p> <p><span>The manuscript describing this work is currently being submitted to the research journal. Its version will be available on the open access Masaryk University repository.</span></p>
Data from: Transcriptome analysis of apical meristem enriched bud samples for size dependent flowering commitment in Crocus sativus reveal role of sugar and auxin signalling
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Cultivation of <em>Crocus sativus</em> (saffron) faces challenges due to inconsistent flowering patterns and variations in yield. Flowering takes place in a graded way with smaller corms unable to produce flowers. Enhancing the productivity requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that govern this size based flowering initiation and commitment. Therefore, samples enriched with non-flowering and flowering apical buds from small (<6g) and large (>14g) corms were sequenced. </p> <p><strong>Methods and Results</strong></p> <p>Apical bud enriched samples from small and large corms were collected immediately after break of dormancy in July. RNA sequencing was performed using Illumina Novaseq 6000. <em>De-novo</em> transcriptome assembly and analysis using flowering committed buds from large corms at post-dormancy and their comparison with vegetative shoot primordia from small corms pointed out the major role of Auxin and ABA hormonal regulation. Many genes with known dual responses in flowering development and circadian rhythm like Flowering locus T and Cryptochrome 1 along with a transcript showing homology with small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR) exhibited induced expression in flowering buds. Thorough prediction of <em>Crocus sativus</em> non-coding RNA repertoire has been carried out for the first time. Enolase was found to be acting as a major hub with protein-protein interaction analysis using Arabidopsis counterparts.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>Transcripts belong to key pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signaling and carbon metabolism were found significantly modulated. KEGG assessment and protein-protein interaction analysis confirm the expression data. Findings unravel the genetic determinants driving the size-dependent flowering in <em>Crocus sativus</em>.</p>
Figure 1 in Exploring chemical control of 2,4-D-resistant wild radish (Rophonus rophonistrum) with auxin-related compounds
Figure 1. Compounds used as potential 2,4-D synergists or substitutes,and how they fit into the schemes of auxin biology.The compounds used in the current study are shown in shaded ovals, with blue representing the auxin biosynthesis pathway, green representing auxin signaling and transport, and orange representing auxin response. Abbreviations: ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine; CdRP, 1-(O-carboxylphenylamino)1-deoxyribulose-5-phosphate; EGTA, ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid; IAD, indole-3-acetaldehyde; IAM, indole-3-acetamide; IAN, indole-3-acetonitrile; IAOx, indole-3-acetaldoxime; IGP, indole glycerol phosphate; IPyA, indole-3-pyruvic acid; MA, methylanthranilate; PRA, phosphoribosylanthranilate; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine.
Figure 4 in Exploring chemical control of 2,4-D-resistant wild radish (Rophonus rophonistrum) with auxin-related compounds
Figure 4. Assessment of auxinic herbicides applied preemergence to suspected and confirmed 2,4-D–resistant Rophonus rophonistrum populations. Field-collected populations with suspected resistance to 2,4-D (11 populations) and the confirmed resistant,2,4-D–selected populations (populations R1–R11) were sprayed preemergence with 560 g ha−1 2,4- D, 570 g ha−1 MCPA, or 750 g ha−1 dicamba, and the field-collected populations were also sprayed postemergence as part of the same experiment (dark blue bars). Values are means ± SE (n = 11, with each population representing one replicate), and different letters above bars denote significant (P <0.05) differences between means. For visual comparison, the averaged data for populations R1–R11 sprayed postemergence with 500 g ha−1 2,4-D or dicamba or 600 g ha−1 MCPA were also included, along with the pre- and postemergence data for the pooled susceptible (S1 and S2) populations (light blue bars). Data for the postemergence 2,4-D and dicamba treatments of populations R1–R11 were taken from Goggin et al. (2018: supplementary table S3) and from the current glasshouse study for the postemergence MCPA treatment.
Figure 3 in Exploring chemical control of 2,4-D-resistant wild radish (Rophonus rophonistrum) with auxin-related compounds
Figure 3. Response of 2,4-D–resistant Rophonus rophonistrum populations to MCPA and mecoprop. Populations at the 2-leaf stage were sprayed with MCPA, mecoprop, or a 1:1 mix of each herbicide, and their survival was assessed after 21 d. (A) Survival in the glasshouse following treatment with 1,200 g ai ha−1 MCPA or mecoprop standalone, or 600 þ 600 g ha−1 MCPA þ mecoprop.As there were no significant differences among treatments within each population, the data were pooled,and means are shown as wide gray bars behind the blue bars that represent each individual herbicide treatment.Different letters above bars denote significant (P <0.05) differences among populations in response to the pooled treatments (values are means ± SE; n = 3). (B) Dose of MCPA or mecoprop or a 1:1 mix required to kill 50% of individuals (ED50) in an outdoor dose–response experiment. Different letters above bars denote significant differences in ED50 values within and among populations.
Figure 2. Interaction between 2,4-D in Exploring chemical control of 2,4-D-resistant wild radish (Rophonus rophonistrum) with auxin-related compounds
Figure 2. Interaction between 2,4-D and other auxin-related compounds in 2,4-D–susceptible (S1) or 2,4-D–resistant (R2 or R3) Rophonus rophonistrum populations. Seedling radicle elongation on agar in the presence of 2,4-D, a potential synergist, or both, was measured, and the interaction between chemicals was assessed using a Colby analysis. Values are means ± SE of three replicates. Asterisks denote an interaction (Iij) significantly different from an additive interaction, with negative values indicating synergism and positive values indicating antagonism. Abbreviations: ABA, abscisic acid; ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; Aden, adenosine; BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine; 1-But, 1- butanol; Cyclan, cyclanilide; EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N 0,N 0-tetraacetic acid; IAM, indole-3-acetamide; DL-Met, DL-methionine; MA, methyl anthranilate; Trypt, tryptamine.
Areal (+)-borneol modulates root morphology, auxin signalling and meristematic activity in Arabidopsis roots
<p>One of the characteristic aspects of odour sensing in humans is the activation of olfactory receptors in a slightly different manner to different enantiomers. Here, we focused on whether plants showed enantiomer-specific responses similar to that in humans. We exposed Arabidopsis seedlings to methanol (control) and (+)- or (−)-borneol, and found that only (+)-borneol reduced the root length. Furthermore, the root-tip width was more increased upon (+)-borneol exposure than upon (−)-borneol exposure. In addition, root-hair formation was observed near the root tip in response to (+)-borneol. Auxin signalling was strongly reduced in the root tip following exposure to (+)-borneol, but was detected following exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol. Similarly, in the root tip, the activity of Cyclin B1:1 was detected on exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol, but not on exposure to (+)-borneol, indicating that (+)-borneol inhibits the meristematic activity in the root. These results partially explain (+)-borneol-specific reduction in the root length of Arabidopsis. Our results indicate the presence of a sensing system specific for (+)-borneol in Arabidopsis.</p>
Rapid and specific degradation of endogenous proteins in mouse models using auxin-inducible degrons
<p>Auxin-inducible degrons are a chemical genetic tool for targeted protein degradation and are widely used to study protein function in cultured mammalian cells. Here we develop CRISPR-engineered mouse lines that enable rapid and highly specific degradation of tagged endogenous proteins <em>in vivo</em>. Most but not all cell types are competent for degradation. By combining ligand titrations with genetic crosses to generate animals with different allelic combinations, we show that degradation kinetics depend upon the dose of the tagged protein, ligand, and the E3 ligase substrate receptor TIR1. Rapid degradation of condensin I and condensin II – two essential regulators of mitotic chromosome structure - revealed that both complexes are individually required for cell division in precursor lymphocytes, but not in their differentiated peripheral lymphocyte derivatives. This generalisable approach provides unprecedented temporal control over the dose of endogenous proteins in mouse models, with implications for studying essential biological pathways and modeling drug activity in mammalian tissues.</p>
Rapid and specific degradation of endogenous proteins in mouse models using auxin-inducible degrons
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Data from: The role of auxin-mediated gene activation in the bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens
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Areal (+)-borneol modulates root morphology, auxin signalling and meristematic activity in Arabidopsis roots
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Confocal microscopy image stacks from "Temporal integration of auxin information for the regulation of patterning"
<p>This dataset contains raw images in CZI format (Zeiss) of shoot apical meristems (SAM) from <em>Arabidopsis thaliana </em>transgenic lines <strong>qDII-pCLV3-pDR5</strong> or <strong>qDII-pCLV3-PIN1</strong>. See <em>(Galvan-Ampudia and Cerutti et al.) </em>for detailed information. This data constitutes the input of the <strong>sam_spaghetti</strong> pipeline (<a href="https://gitlab.inria.fr/mosaic/publications/sam_spaghetti">https://gitlab.inria.fr/mosaic/publications/sam_spaghetti</a>) and can be processed using the scripts and examples provided in the package.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>File information:</strong></p> <p>File names containing qDII-CLV3-DR5 have the following data:</p> <ul> <li>Channel 1: <em>DII-VENUS-N7</em></li> <li>Channel 2: <em>pDR5:2xmTurquoise2</em></li> <li>Channel 3: <em>pRPS5a:TagBFP-SV40</em></li> <li>Channel 4: <em>pCLV3:mCherry-N7</em></li> </ul> <p>File names containing qDII-CLV3-PIN1-PI have the following data:</p> <ul> <li>Channel 1: <em>DII-VENUS-N7</em></li> <li>Channel 2: <em>pPIN1:PIN1-GFP</em></li> <li>Channel 3: <em>Propidium Iodide (cell walls)</em></li> <li>Channel 4: <em>pRPS5a:TagBFP-SV40</em></li> <li>Channel 5: <em>pCLV3:mCherry-N7</em></li> </ul> <p>Time-lapse sequences are identified as follows:</p> <ul> <li><strong>qDII-CLV3-DR5-E27-LD-SAM7.czi</strong></li> <li><strong>qDII-CLV3-DR5-E27-LD-SAM7-T5.czi</strong></li> <li><strong>qDII-CLV3-DR5-E27-LD-SAM7-T10.czi</strong></li> </ul> <p>where:</p> <ul> <li><strong>qDII-CLV3-DR5</strong> indicates the line</li> <li><strong>E$$-LD</strong> (e.g. E25-LD, E27-LD, etc) indicates independent biological replicas</li> <li><strong>SAM$</strong> is the meristem (technical replica)</li> <li><strong>T$</strong> indicates the time elapsed after the first image (in hours)</li> </ul> <p>For example <strong>qDII-CLV3-DR5-E27-LD-SAM7-T5.czi</strong> is an image of the 7th SAM of the set E27, acquired 5 hours after the first image.</p>
Fig. 6 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 6. Scutellarin changes the distribution of WOX5 in the root meristem. Spatial expression of WOX5::GFP in the root meristem. Top panel, naringenin (NA) treatments for 5 days. Bottom panel, scutellarin (S) treatments for 5 days. Bar, 30 μm.
Fig. 5. Flavonoids with and without 6 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 5. Flavonoids with and without 6-hydroxyl groups cause different auxin distributions at the root meristem. (a) IAA concentration in A. thaliana seedlings mocktreated or treated with 100 μM scutellarin for 10 days. The values are the means ± SDs (n = 5). (b) Expression of DR5:GFP after mock treatment or treatment with 100 μM scutellarin, 100 μM scutellarein, or 100 μM naringenin for 10 days in A. thaliana root tips. White arrow, QC position. Bar, 30 μm.
Fig. 4. Flavonoids with and without 6 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 4. Flavonoids with and without 6-hydroxyl groups have different effects on PAT. (a) Effects of scutellarin and scutellarein on PAT in A. thaliana root tips. Fiveday-old seedlings were mock-treated with or treated with the indicated reagents for 9 days (100 μM scutellarin, 100 μM scutellarein, 20 μM TIBA). (b) Gene expression of PIN1, PIN2 and AUX1 after mock or 100 μM scutellarin treatment for 10 days in A. thaliana roots. ** indicates that the value is significantly different from that of the mock-treated group (P <0.01, n = 3). (c) and (d) Expression of PIN1:GFP aPnd IN2:GFP in A. thaliana root tips after mock treatment or treatment with 100 μM scutellarin, 100 μM scutellarein, or 100 μM narigenin for 10 days. Bar, 100 μm.
Fig. 1 in Polar auxin transport May Be responsive to specific features of flavonoid structure
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the Arabidopsis root meristem with each cell type. QC, quiescent center. CEI, cortex/endodermal initials. VI, vascular initials. LRC, lateral root cap. Ep, epidermis initials. CSC, columella stem cells. CC, columella Cells. (b) Schematic of polar auxin transport (PAT). (c) Basic flavonoid structures. (d) Structures of all known flavonoid inhibitors of PAT (Jacobs and Rubery 1988; Geldner et al., 2001; Laffont et al., 2010; Stenlid 1976). (e) Structures of the flavonoids tested in this study.
Phenotype data for: Pleiotropic and non-redundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize
<p>Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in <i>Setaria viridis </i>and maize, we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, and glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of <i>ZmAUX1</i> also affect vegetative development. A GFP-tagged construct of <i>Spp1</i> under its native promoter showed that the SPP1 protein localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis finds that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wildtype plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in <i>spp1</i> inflorescences. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we disrupted <i>SPP1</i> and the other four <i>AUX1</i> homologs in <i>S. viridis</i>. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, leaf, and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in <i>S. viridis</i>. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.</p>
Auxin signaling and vascular cambium formation enables storage metabolism in cassava tuberous roots
<p>Cassava storage roots are among the most important root crops worldwide and represent one of the most consumed staple foods in Sub-Saharan Africa. The vegetatively propagated tropical shrub can form many starchy tuberous roots from its stem. These storage roots are formed through the activation of secondary root growth processes. However, the underlying genetic regulation of storage root development is largely unknown. Here we report on distinct structural and transcriptional changes occurring during the early phases of storage root development. A pronounced increase in auxin-related transcripts and the transcriptional activation of secondary growth factors, as well as a decrease in gibberellin-related transcripts was observed during the early stages of secondary root growth. This was accompanied by increased cell wall biosynthesis, increased most notably during the initial xylem expansion within the root vasculature. Starch storage metabolism was activated only after the formation of the vascular cambium. The formation of non-lignified xylem parenchyma cells and the activation of starch storage metabolism coincided with increased expression of the KNOX/BEL genes <i>KNAT1</i>, <i>PENNYWISE</i> and <i>POUND-FOOLISH</i>, indicating their importance for proper xylem parenchyma function.</p>
Fig. 4 in Identification of TabZIP family members with possible roles in the response to auxin in wheat roots
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, and conserved motifs in bZIP genes from T. Aestivum, Arabidopsis and O. sativa. A: The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the full-length sequences of bZIP proteins using MEGA7 software. Different clusters are shown in different colours. B: The motif composition of bZIP proteins. Motifs 1 to 10 are displayed by different coloured boxes. C: Exon-intron structure of bZIP genes. Green boxes indicate untranslated 5′ and 3′ regions, and yellow boxes indicate exons. Black lines indicate introns, and the number indicates the phases of corresponding introns. The length of the protein can be estimated using the scale at the bottom. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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