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Figure 5 in In vitro antifungal and antibacterial potentials of organic extracts of Avicennia marina collected from Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea Coasts in Saudi Arabia

Figure 5. Comparison of MIC with MBC values (mg/mL) of A. marina in different solvents: a: Petroleum ether; b: Ethyl acetate. All tests were performed in triplicates (n = 3) and the error bars represent the SD. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 with respect to the control. NS: not significant.

Figure 3 in In vitro antifungal and antibacterial potentials of organic extracts of Avicennia marina collected from Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea Coasts in Saudi Arabia

Figure 3. Comparison of MIC values (mg/mL) of A. marina different extracts. All tests were performed in triplicates (n = 3) and the error bars represent the SD. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 with respect to the control.

Figure 2 in In vitro antifungal and antibacterial potentials of organic extracts of Avicennia marina collected from Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea Coasts in Saudi Arabia

Figure 2. Antagonistic effect expressed by the inhibition zone of Ethyl acetate extract on the growth of: (A):A. fumigatus; (B):C. albicanis.

Figure 1 in In vitro antifungal and antibacterial potentials of organic extracts of Avicennia marina collected from Rabigh Lagoon, Red Sea Coasts in Saudi Arabia

Figure 1. The antifungal effect of plant extracts from Avicennia marina against some pathogenic fungi expressed by zones of inhibition (ZI in mm). All tests were performed in triplicates (n = 3) and the error bars represent the SD. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 with respect to the control. NS: not significant.

publicJan 2024View details →

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Rapid diversification of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) driven by geographic isolation and extreme environmental conditions in the Arabian Peninsula

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opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

A high-quality genome assembly and annotation of the gray mangrove, Avicennia marina

The gray mangrove [Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.] is the most widely distributed mangrove species, ranging throughout the Indo-West Pacific. It presents remarkable levels of geographic variation both in phenotypic traits and habitat, often occupying extreme environments at the edges of its distribution. However, subspecific evolutionary relationships and adaptive mechanisms remain understudied, especially across populations of the West Indian Ocean. High-quality genomic resources accounting for such variability are also sparse. Here we report the first chromosome-level assembly of the genome of A. marina. We used a previously release draft assembly and proximity ligation libraries Chicago and Dovetail HiC for scaffolding, producing a 456,526,188 bp long genome. The largest 32 scaffolds (22.4 Mb to 10.5 Mb) accounted for 98 % of the genome assembly, with the remaining 2% distributed among much shorter 3,759 scaffolds (62.4 Kb to 1 Kb). We annotated 45,032 protein-coding genes using tissue-specific RNA-seq data in combination with de novo gene prediction, from which 34,442 were associated to GO terms. Genome assembly and annotated set of genes yield a 96.7% and 95.1% completeness score, respectively, when compared with the eudicots BUSCO dataset. Furthermore, an FST survey based on resequencing data successfully identified a set of candidate genes potentially involved in local adaptation, and revealed patterns of adaptive variability correlating with a temperature gradient in Arabian mangrove populations. Our A. marina genomic assembly provides a highly valuable resource for genome evolution analysis, as well as for identifying functional genes involved in adaptive processes and speciation.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

A biogeographical approach to characterising the climatic, physical and geomorphic niche of the most widely distributed mangrove species, Avicennia marina

Aim: Mangroves are coastal ecosystems exposed to terrestrial, marine, geomorphic and climatic forcings operating in concert, making the mangrove niche hard to define, as evidenced by extremely poor restoration outcomes. We have developed a set of high-resolution species distribution models and interpreted the variables that have the largest impact on the niche of Avicennia marina, the most globally widespread mangrove species, to comprehensively detail the forcings driving habitat suitability. Location: Australia. Time period: 1970–2020. Major taxa studied: Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Methods: We modelled the suitable habitat for A. marina in Australia using the maxent method incorporating 38 environmental variables and the Global Mangrove Watch baseline for the presence records. Using k-means grouping we identified sub-regions where similar suites of environmental variables influence habitat suitability, while also identifying biogeographical commonalities among the sub-regions. To better understand the low realisation of the fundamental niche we analysed the other land covers occupying the niche. Results: A. marina in Australia occupies six different environmental sub-regions. Maxent distribution models accurately predicted the presence of A. marina in each subpopulation (AUC > 0.9). A. marina's presence in all sub-regions was strongly determined by its proximity to freshwater. Precipitation and temperature extreme values were more important than average values in predicting the species' presence. The species requires low-energy coastlines with high solar radiation. The suitable areas are primarily shared with salt marshes, seagrass and buildings or cleared land. Main conclusions: Our results offer a baseline for the suitable area of A. marina's presence that includes a range of environmental conditions, A. marina currently occupies <50% of its suitable habitat and there is scope for restoration with significant ecosystem service gains. The six different sub-regions in Australia map to known phylogenetically distinct populations indicating genetic plasticity in response to region-specific climatic conditions.

publicFeb 2022View details →

A high-quality genome assembly and annotation of the gray mangrove, Avicennia marina

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publicMay 2025View details →

Microsatellite data, chloroplast and nuclear rRNA sequences of Avicennia marina from Vietnam, Malaysia, and The Philippines

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publicOct 2022View details →

A biogeographical approach to characterising the climatic, physical and geomorphic niche of the most widely distributed mangrove species, Avicennia marina

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Fig. 6 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 6. Longevity of AmSOD1 activity. Purified His-AmSOD1 was tested for its longevity both at room temperature and 4 ◦ C for different time period (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 1st 140 days). The ratio enzyme activity was determined based on the activity of enzyme before incubation. Each data point represents the mean ± SD obtained from three independent reactions.

Fig. 7 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 7. Growth curves of the strains control and R-AmSOD1 in the medium without treatment and the medium containing containing (A) salt and (B) hydrogen peroxide. Each data point represents the mean ± SD obtained from three independent reactions.

Fig. 2 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 2. The effects of salt and hydrogen peroxide stress on the appearance pattern and activity of AmSOD1 in the leaves of A. marina (A) Appearance pattern of AmSOD1 and (B) AmSOD assay in the leaves responding to hydrogen peroxide and salt stress as well as control at various time points (0–48 h). Each histogram represents the mean obtained from three independent reactions (± SD). Different letters above the bars indicate statistically significant differences by LSD test.

Fig. 1 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of SOD sequences from different plants. For accession numbers and organisms, see ''Materials and Methods.''.

Fig. 4 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 4. Molecular mass of purified AmSOD1 using gel filtration. (A) Native molecular mass of recombinant AmSOD1 was measured with respect to standard protein marker as resolved in Biosil-250 analytical gel filtration column. Standard proteins used were: (a) 66.5 kDa-BSA fraction (b) 29 kDa-Carbonic anhydrase and (c) 16.7 kDa human myoglubin.

Fig. 3 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 3. SDS-PAGE analysis and the solubility of expressed His-AmSOD1 in the strain R-AmSOD1 harboring pET28a-AmSOD1 (A) Total soluble protein extracted from control strain and the strain R-AmSOD1 before and 1–4 h after induction with IPTG. (B) The study of solubility of His-AmSOD1 by comparison of His-AmSOD1 band intensities in the total protein (T), the soluble fraction extracted from R-AmSOD1 (S) and the unsoluble fraction (U) extracted from RAmSOD1 (The recombinant proteins were shown with arrows) (C) SDS-PAGE analysis of AmSOD1 after purification with affinity chromatography.

Fig. 5 in A highly efficient, thermo stable and broad pH adaptable copper-zinc super oxide dismutase (AmSOD1) mediates hydrogen peroxide tolerance in Avicennia marina

Fig. 5. Effects of incubation at different temperatures and pH on the activity of AmSOD1. The purified AmSOD1 was incubated (A) at temperatures (25, 37, 50, 60 and 75 ◦ C) (B) in buffers with pH (3–12) for 1 h before SOD assay. Then the activity of AmSOD1 was determined as explained in the "Materials and Methods". Each data point represents the mean ± SD obtained from three independent reactions.

opennotspecifiedAug 2020View details →

Fig. 6 in A metallothionein type 2 from Avicennia marina binds to iron and mediates hydrogen peroxide balance by activation of enzyme catalase

Fig. 6. Growth curves and CAT activities for strains of control and R-AmMT2. (A) Growth curves of strains control and R-AmMT2 in the medium containing H2O2. (B) The CAT activities of control and R-AmMT2 in response to H2O2. expressing MT isoforms.