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FIG. 12 in A review of the brachyuran deep-sea vent community of the western Pacific, with two new species of Austinograea Hessler & Martin, 1989 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) from the Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins

FIG. 12. — Austinograea sp. aff. A. alayseae Guinot, 1990, ♂ 31.3 × 48.8 mm (right-handed), ♀ 29.6 × 44.8 mm (left-handed), Manus Basin, Shinkai 2000, 3°43.60'S, 151°40.32'E, PACMANUS site, field E, 1676 m (see Tsuchida & Hashimoto 2002), MNHN-IU-2016-10750 (= MNHN-B28761): A, male chelae, crusher and cutter, outer surfaces of palms; B, female chelae, cutter and crusher, outer surfaces of palms.

FIG. 11. — Austinograea jolliveti n in A review of the brachyuran deep-sea vent community of the western Pacific, with two new species of Austinograea Hessler & Martin, 1989 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) from the Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins

FIG. 11. — Austinograea jolliveti n. sp., holotype, ♂ 12.8 × 20.0 mm (right-handed), North Fiji Basin, STARMER II cruise, dive 18 (PL 18), Mussel Valley site, 18°50'S, 173°29'E, 2750 m, MNHN-IU-2016-10769: A, mxp3; B, thoracic sternum; C, G1 and G2 in situ (reconstructed); D, G1, two views; E, G2, two views. Scale bars: B, 5 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 0.5 mm (note the scale bars of the two gonopods, the G2 being about half-length of G1); A, C, without scale.

FIG. 4. — A-C, Austinograea hourdezi n in A review of the brachyuran deep-sea vent community of the western Pacific, with two new species of Austinograea Hessler & Martin, 1989 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) from the Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins

FIG. 4. — A-C, Austinograea hourdezi n. sp., holotype, ♂ 25.7 × 40.2 mm (right-handed), Lau Back-Arc Basin, TUIM06MV cruise, dive 142, Tow Cam site, 20°19.07'S, 176°08.24'W, 2719 m, MNHN-IU-2016-10737: A, B, chelae with two coloured spots on outer surface of palm of right crusher (A) and left cutter (B); C, G1 and G2 photographed in situ; D, E, Austinograea hourdezi n. sp., atypical ♀ 30.0 × 48.5 mm (right-handed), Lau Back-Arc Basin, MGLN07MV cruise, dive 230, Kilo Moana site, 20°03.23'S, 176°08.01'W, 2623 m, MNHN-IU-2016-10752: D, crusher with one marked dark spot and the other one, only discernible by a yellow trace (wound at base of fixed finger is not a spot comparable to that of A. jolliveti n. sp.); E, cutter with two indistinct spots, only as yellow traces.

FIG. 3. — Austinograea hourdezi n in A review of the brachyuran deep-sea vent community of the western Pacific, with two new species of Austinograea Hessler & Martin, 1989 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) from the Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins

FIG. 3. — Austinograea hourdezi n. sp. photographed in situ: A, Lau Basin, Lau Basin 2009 cruise, dive 432, Tow Cam site, 20˚18.98'S, 176˚08.19'W, 2723 m, 05.VI.2009 (type locality), among sessiles barnacles Eochionelasmus ohtai ohtai Yamaguchi, 1990. The two dark spots on outer surface of palm of both chelae indicate a male; see patches of dense setae on inner surface of both chelae, and the darkly coloured two-thirds of dactylus of right cheliped; B, C, Austinograea hourdezi n. sp., due to the patch of dense setae on inner surface of both chelae: B, Lau Basin, TUIM07MV cruise, dive 163, ABE site, 20°45.65'S, 176°11.45'W, 2130 m, 23.VI.2005; on a bed of gastropod Ifremeria nautilei Bouchet & Warén, 1991; C, Lau Basin, Lau Basin 2009 cruise, dive 431, ABE site, 20°45.65'S, 176°11.45'W, 2130 m, 03.VI.2009. The crab and the gastropods Alviniconcha hessleri sensu lato are blurry, the photography in situ having been taken in hydrothermal diffuse area with the emanating fluid visible as shimmering water. Photographies courtesy of C. R. Fisher (Penn State University, USA).

FIG. 8. — A, B in A review of the brachyuran deep-sea vent community of the western Pacific, with two new species of Austinograea Hessler & Martin, 1989 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) from the Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins

FIG. 8. — A, B, Austinograea alayseae Guinot, 1990, photographed in situ: see absence of patches of setae on inner surface of chelae: A, crab with white carapace, Lau Basin 2009 cruise, Kilo Moana site, 20°03.23'S, 176°08.01'W, 2621 m, among mussels Bathymodiolus brevior Cosel, Métivier & Hashimoto, 1994 and snails Ifremeria nautilei Bouchet & Warén, 1991; B, crab with carapace stained orange due to iron or manganese oxide deposits, and cluster of alvinocaridid shrimps, Lau Basin, TUIM07MV, Kilo Moana site, 20°03.23'S, 176°08.01'W, 2621 m; C, Austinograea hourdezi n. sp. (presumed identification, see p. 89), Lau Basin, Lau Basin 2009 cruise, Kilo Moana site, among mussels Bathymodiolus brevior, gastropods Ifremeria nautilei, sea anemone probably Cyananthea hourdezi Zelnio, Rodríguez & Daly, 2009, and alvinocaridid shrimp, Alvinocaris komaii Zelnio & Hourdez, 2009. This invidual with palm of preserved left cheliped (regenerated?) bearing only a single dark spot is atypical such as many Austinograea species showing regenerated chelipeds; patches of setae discernible just above on inner surface of chela and on right subhepatic region. Photographies courtesy of C. R. Fisher (Penn State University, USA).

FIG. 5. — Austinograea hourdezi n in A review of the brachyuran deep-sea vent community of the western Pacific, with two new species of Austinograea Hessler & Martin, 1989 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae) from the Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins

FIG. 5. — Austinograea hourdezi n. sp., paratype, ♂ 29.8 × 48.1 mm (left-handed, with weak heterochely and heterodonty), Lau Back-Arc Basin, TUIM06MV cruise, dive 142, Tow Cam site, MNHN-IU-2016-10738: A, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, mxp3; D, ventral view; E, G, both chelae with two typical spots on outer surface; F, H, both chelae with patches of setae on inner surface: E, F, cutter situated at right; G, H, crusher situated at left.

Fig. 4 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

Fig. 4. — Schematic plan views and transverse sections of grades of skeletal organization from the most primitive sessile barnacles (A, Brachylepadomorpha) through the asymmetrical sessile barnacles (B-H, Verrucomorpha). Of the eight verrucid genera currently recognized (Young 1998) only the four most representative ones (Altiverruca, Newmaniverruca, Metaverruca and Verruca s.s.) are depicted here. Right sides are to the viewers right and rostral ends are downward in plan views or coming out of the page in transverse sections. The transverse sections are slightly rostral of the rostro-carinal gap or suture. While there are numerous whorls of imbricating plates standing in tiers four plates high in brachylepadomorphs, and on the movable side of neoverrucids, only those of the R-C gap are labeled. Abbreviations: C, R, carina and rostrum; cl1-4, l1-4, rl1-4, carinolateral, lateral and rostrolateral tiers of imbricating plates respectively; cl, rl, the pair of imbricating plates in proverrucids; FS, FT, fixed scutum and tergum; hl, hinge line; L, median latus (completely lost in proverrucids and verrucids); m, myophore; MS, MT, movable scutum and tergum; sam, scutal adductor muscle; S, T, normal terga and scuta in brachylepadomorphs; dashed horizontal lines: membranous basis (transverse sections F-H after Young 1998).

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TABLE 1 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

<p>TABLE 1. — Seta/article ratios for four neolepadines compared to four sessile barnacles also from vents: the ratio (the width of the article of an intermediate segment of cirrus VI as the denominator and the length of longest seta of that article as the numerator), while highest in the bacteria-farming neolepadine (Lau sp. A), is lowest in <i>Neoverruca</i>. That for <i>Imbricaverruca</i> as well as for <i>Neobrachylepas</i> are not only similar to each other but fall in the low end of the range for vent barnacles.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Measurement in mm</b></th><th><b>Ratio</b></th><th><b>Reference</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td><b>article width</b></td><td><b>setal length</b></td><td><b>s/a</b></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Lau sp. A</th><td>0.33</td><td>4.60</td><td>14.0</td><td>Southward & Newman 1998</td></tr><tr><th>Lau sp. B</th><td>0.10</td><td>0.67</td><td>6.7</td><td><i>idem</i></td></tr><tr><th>South-East Indian Ridge</th><td>0.18</td><td>1.70</td><td>9.4</td><td><i>idem</i></td></tr><tr><th>Lihir volcano</th><td>0.30</td><td>1.85</td><td>6.2</td><td><i>idem</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Neobrachylepas</i></th><td>0.07</td><td>0.31</td><td>4.4</td><td>Newman & Yamaguchi 1995</td></tr><tr><th><i>Neoverruca</i></th><td>0.25</td><td>0.70</td><td>2.8</td><td>Newman & Hessler 1989</td></tr><tr><th><i>Imbricaverruca</i></th><td>0.15</td><td>0.68</td><td>4.5</td><td>This paper</td></tr><tr><th><i>Eochionelasmus</i> (NFB)</th><td>0.25</td><td>1.65</td><td>6.6</td><td>Yamaguchi & Newman 1990</td></tr></tbody></table>

FIG. 6 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 6. — Comparison between the primordial plates of the earliest juvenile stages of the principal suborders of thoracic Cirripedia; A, Lepadomorpha, Lepas (from Newman et al. 1979: fig. 87); B, Scalpellomorpha, composite of Neolepas and Pollicipes (respectively from Newman, in prep. and Broch 1922); C, Neoverruca (reconstructed from Newman 1989); D, x-juvenile (Høeg & Newman 1997 & herein); E, F, Verruca and Semibalanus (respectively from Runnström, 1925, 1927). Abbreviations: S, scutum; T, tergum; C, carina).

FIG. 2 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 2. — Plates of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii gen. et n. sp. (paratype, MNHN Ci2711); A, B, viewed from above and from the rostral end, respectively; A, note the operculum, comprising the plates of the right side (MS-L-MT), includes a large median latus; B, note the slightly open aperture to the mantle cavity between the occludent margins of the movable (MS & MT) and the fixed (FS & FT) scutum and tergum, respectively; C-M, variously disarticulated hard parts; C, interior view of wall (R-C-FS-FT) and operculum (MS-L-MT) with all of the imbricating plates, except the uppermost of the three principle lateral tiers of the right side (rl1-l1-cl1), stripped away [an approximation of the rostrum (R), which did not survive dissection, is indicated by the dashed line]; D, E, movable scutum (MS); external and internal views respectively; scutal adductor muscle, inserting from just below to up under the apical concavity in Fig. 2E, extends to its origin on the fixed scutum (FS, Fig. 2G; the relationship of MS to FS can be seen in Fig 2C); F, G, fixed scutum (FS); basal and internal views, respectively. Dashed line in G indicates origin of scutal adductor muscle but no scar is evident. The relationship of the two protuberances (best seen near the tergal margin in Fig. 2G) to the fixed tergum (FT, Fig. 2J, K), was not resolved; H, I, movable tergum (MT); external and internal views respectively (external corrosion in bleach and cleaning inadvertently obliterated growth line ornamentation in H); J, K, fixed tergum (FT); external and internal views respectively; L, M, carina from below and above respectively (the rostrum did not survive dissection and cleaning). Abbreviations: C, carina; cl1-4, l1-4, rl1-4, carinolateral, lateral and rostrolateral plates forming three tiers each four plates high, respectively; FS, FT, fixed scutum and tergum; L, median latus; MS, MT, movable scutum and tergum; R, rostrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 1. — A, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 1. — A, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp. (holotype, MNHN Ci2710); B, Verruca s.l., both viewed from above with the right scutum and tergum forming the operculum. Note that in the former the four plated wall appears to be covered largely by imbricating plates and the operculum includes a large median latus, characters that readily distinguish it from Neoverruca. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 5 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 5. — Jensen's x-juvenile from the Lau Basin, Tonga (Høeg & Newman 1997); A, viewed from the left dorso-lateral; B, left lateral; C, ventral sides, respectively (the shard of chitin extending from the aperture in B and C apparently left over from the last molt). It is a first juvenile of a thoracican cirriped and likely that of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp.; see Fig. 6 and text for explanation. Abbreviations: A1, first antenna; C, carina; "C", incipient cirri; LS, left scutum; LT, left tergum; RS, right scutum; P, peduncle. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIG. 3 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 3. — Cirri (right side) and the trophi (appendages from the right side viewed from without, those of the left sides form within) of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp. (paratype, MNHN Ci2711); A, cirrus I, anterior ramus missing; B, cirrus II, setae omitted from the posterior ramus of the intact cirrus (left) are shown on the excised ramus (right); C, cirrus VI (setae of distal half omitted) and penis (annulations omitted); D, setation of an intermediate segment of outer ramus of cirrus VI (17th article from distal end); E, end of penis enlarged; F, labrum and mandibular palps; G, H, right and left mandible; I, spinous margin of H enlarged; J, K, right and left first maxillae; L, right second maxilla. Scale bars: A-C, 0.5 mm; D, E, 0.15 mm; F-L, 0.2 mm.

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Dataset related to Balazs et al. The dynamics of forearc – back-arc basin subsidence: numerical models and observations from Mediterranean subduction zones

<p>Additional model data to publication by Balazs et al. The dynamics of forearc – back-arc basin subsidence: numerical models and observations from Mediterranean subduction zones</p>

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TABLE 3 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

<p>TABLE 3. — Comparison of two juvenile and four adult characters in two neoverrucid and one verrucid genus.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Neoverruca</th><th>Imbricaverruca</th><th><i>Verruca</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1) Juvenile pedunculate stages</th><td>Several stages pedunculate</td><td>Likely several stages</td><td>Peduncle vestigial</td></tr><tr><th>2) Juvenile carina</th><td>Higher than wide</td><td>Wider than high</td><td>Higher than wide</td></tr><tr><th>3) Adult median latus</th><td>Vestigial</td><td>Well-developed</td><td>Lost</td></tr><tr><th>4) Imbricating plates</th><td>Reduced in number, deciduous</td><td>Complete, well-developed</td><td>Lost</td></tr><tr><th>5) Fixed scutum & tergum</th><td>Normal, higher than wide</td><td>Reduced wider than high</td><td>As wide as high</td></tr><tr><th>6) Rostrum & carina</th><td>Normal, higher than wide*</td><td>Reduced, wider high</td><td>As wide as high</td></tr></tbody></table><p>*R-C gap less on movable side, as in all three genera.</p>

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TABLE 2 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

<p>TABLE 2. — Comparison between the primordial plates of the earliest juvenile stages of the principal suborders of thoracic Cirripedia (See Fig. 6 for corresponding figures and text for a full explanation).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon/Character</b></th><th><b>Carinal proportions</b></th><th><b>Carinal of position</b></th><th><b>Terga and scuta of each side</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Lepadomorpha (Fig. 6A)</th><td>Higher than wide and longer than terga</td><td>Extending up between terga</td><td>Symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Scalpellomorpha (Fig. 6B)</th><td>Higher than wide and nearly as long as terga</td><td>Extending up between terga</td><td>Symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Verrucomorpha</th></tr><tr><th>Neoverrucidae (Fig. 6C)</th><td>Higher than wide and shorter than terga</td><td>Extending up between terga</td><td>Initially symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>X-juvenile (Fig. 6D)</th><td>Wider than high, shorter than terga and perhaps displaced to one side</td><td>Not extending up between terga</td><td>Scuta if not terga initially symmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Verrucidae (Fig. 6E)</th><td>About as wide as high, shorter than terga and displaced to one side</td><td>Not extending up between terga</td><td>Distinctly asymmetrical</td></tr><tr><th>Balanomorpha (Fig. 6F)</th><td>Higher than wide</td><td>Not extending up between terga</td><td>Symmetrical</td></tr></tbody></table>

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FIGURE 13 in A new deepsea pectinid bivalve from thermal vents of Manus backarc Basin (southwestern Pacific), Sinepecten segonzaci n. gen., n. sp. (Pectinoidea: Pectinidae), and its relationships with the genera Bathypecten and Catillopecten

FIGURE 13. Pattern of byssal notch morphogenesis in extant Pectinids displaying different mode of life (not to scale). 1–3: first successive ontogenetic stages exemplified by juveniles of Pecten maximus (1: postlarval; 2: without ctenolium; 3: with ctenolium); a–g: adults, byssally fixed (a–d), freeliving (f–g), or both (e); ct: ctenolium; P: prodissoconch. a: Bathypecten vulcani; b: Sinepecten segonzaci; c: Hemipecten forbesianus; d: Chlamys varia; e: Aequipecten opercularis; f: Pecten maximus; g: Propeamussium watsoni. Thick black arrows indicate ontogenetic trajectories. Thin arrows outline the main growth allometries (parallel to commissure plan only) around byssal notch. For (b), crosses indicate place of byssal notch covered by its ventral edge and thus invisible (see Figure 6). Black anterior auricle of (f) corresponds to stage 3.

FIGURE 11 in A new deepsea pectinid bivalve from thermal vents of Manus backarc Basin (southwestern Pacific), Sinepecten segonzaci n. gen., n. sp. (Pectinoidea: Pectinidae), and its relationships with the genera Bathypecten and Catillopecten

FIGURE 11. SEM views of specimens 2 (a, b, e) and 4 (c, d, f) of Sinepecten segonzaci. a: outer view of the left valve; b: same valve, detail of the ornamentation near the ventral margin of the disk; c: left valve, anterior margin of the disk; d: same valve, magnification of the antimarginal microsculpture; e: same valve, detail of ornamentation on the anterior edge of the anterior auricle; f: particles embedded on the disk surface of the right valve; on all figures arrow indicates the growth direction.

FIGURE 10 in A new deepsea pectinid bivalve from thermal vents of Manus backarc Basin (southwestern Pacific), Sinepecten segonzaci n. gen., n. sp. (Pectinoidea: Pectinidae), and its relationships with the genera Bathypecten and Catillopecten

FIGURE 10. Coiling of dorsal edge of anterior auricle and of outer ligament insertion. Left: interior view of right valve anterior auricle (not exactly to scale: height of outer ligament insertion oversized). Right: proximal (A) and distal (B) sections of bivalve shell through anterior auricle. aa: anterior auricle; bn: byssal notch; h: hinge; lv: left valve; oli: outer ligament insertion; ri: resilium insertion (inner ligament); rv: right valve.

FIGURE 12 in A new deepsea pectinid bivalve from thermal vents of Manus backarc Basin (southwestern Pacific), Sinepecten segonzaci n. gen., n. sp. (Pectinoidea: Pectinidae), and its relationships with the genera Bathypecten and Catillopecten

FIGURE 12. Muscle insertions, microstructures exposed and hydrothermal venting influence on the internal shell surface of specimen 4. A: left valve; A': umbonopallial section; B: right valve; ai: adductor insertion; gsi: gill suspensor insertion; pmi: pallial muscle insertion; pri: pedal retractor insertion; ri: resilium insertion. 1: foliated calcite; 2: aragonitic middle shell layer; 3 to 5: myostracal aragonite, prismatic in adductor myostracum (3) and dorsal pallial muscle insertion (4), spherulitic in pallial line (5); 6: resilium fibrous aragonite.