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6 results for “Badger culling”
Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger (Meles meles) behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission
1. Culling wildlife as a form of disease management can have unexpected and sometimes counterproductive outcomes. In the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are culled in efforts to reduce badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). However, culling has previously been associated with both increased and decreased incidence of M. bovis infection in cattle. 2. The adverse effects of culling have been linked to cull-induced changes in badger ranging, but such changes are not well documented at the individual level. Using GPS-collars, we characterised individual badger behaviour within an area subjected to widespread industry-led culling, comparing it with the same area before culling and with three unculled areas. 3. Culling was associated with a 61% increase (95% CI 27-103%) in monthly home range size, a 39% increase (95% CI 28-51%) in nightly maximum distance from the sett, and a 17% increase (95% CI 11-24%) in displacement between successive GPS-collar locations recorded at 20-minute intervals. Despite travelling further, we found a 91.2 minute (95% CI 67.1-115.3 minute) reduction in the nightly activity time of individual badgers associated with culling. These changes became apparent while culls were ongoing and persisted after culling ended. 4. Expanded ranging in culled areas was associated with individual badgers visiting 45% (95% CI 15-80%) more fields each month, suggesting that surviving individuals had the opportunity to contact more cattle. Moreover, surviving badgers showed a 19.9-fold increase (95% CI 10.8-36.4 increase) in the odds of trespassing into neighbouring group territories, increasing opportunities for intergroup contact. 5. Synthesis and Applications: Badger culling was associated with behavioural changes among surviving badgers which potentially increased opportunities for both badger-to-badger and badger-to-cattle transmission of M. bovis. Furthermore, by reducing the time badgers spent active, culling may have reduced badgers' accessibility to shooters, potentially undermining subsequent population control efforts. Our results specifically illustrate the challenges posed by badger behaviour to cull-based TB control strategies and furthermore, they highlight the negative impacts culling can have on integrated disease control strategies.
Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger Meles meles behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission
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European badger (Meles meles) responses to low-intensity, selective culling: using mark recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation
<p>Culling the main wildlife host of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain (GB) and Ireland, the European badger (Meles meles) to reduce infections in cattle, has been employed in both territories. In GB, this has been controversial, with results suggesting that culling induces disturbance to badger social structure, facilitating wider disease dissemination. Previous analyses hypothesized that even very low-level, selective culling may cause similar deleterious effects by increasing ranging of individuals and greater mixing between social-groups. To assess this hypothesis, a novel, prospective, landscape-scale 'before-and-after' Test and vaccinate or remove (TVR) study was implemented. Test-positive badgers were culled and test-negative badgers were BCG vaccinated and released. Mark-recapture metrics of badger ranging and genetic metrics of social group relatedness did not change significantly over the study period. However, selective culling was associated with a localised reduction in social-group relatedness in culled groups. Synthesis and application: Ecological context is important; extrapolation across territories and other disease epidemiological-systems (epi-systems) is likely to be challenging. However, we demonstrate that small-scale, selective removal of test-positive badgers was not associated with metrics of increased ranging but was associated with localised changes in social-group relatedness. This adds to the evidence base on badger control options for policy makers.</p>
Vaccinating badgers in a post-cull landscape; insights from the field
<p>In 2010 the BadgerBCG vaccine was licensed for use in badgers in the UK to reduce the severity of Mycobacterium bovis infection, and hence the risks of onward transmission to cattle. To date badger vaccination in the UK has been deployed at a relatively limited spatial scale (compared to the large scale badger culls) and almost exclusively in high density badger populations which have not been recently culled. UK Government policy direction has moved towards the wider roll-out of badger vaccination as an exit strategy following culling. Field resources required to carry out vaccination in undisturbed badger populations are well documented, but levels of effort are unlikely to be directly transferable to previously culled populations where badger density and social behaviour may be markedly different. We present an evidence based assessment of the likely effort required to vaccinate badger populations that have recently been culled, drawing on data from past culling operations, vaccination operations in a previously culled area and the practical field experiences of expert badger trappers. Trapping efficiency declined over successive years of industry-led culling, however this effect was not consistently noted in the government-run Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT). Fewer badgers were removed using cage-trapping (compared to 'controlled shooting') in the latter years of intensive industry-led culls. When trapping badgers for vaccination in areas that had previously been culled, highly experienced government field staff adapted their practices in response to the lower density and likely more mobile residual population. A longer and more variable pre-baiting period was expected and there was a greater reliance on higher levels of skill and experience in interpreting field signs and trapping effectively in such populations.</p>
European badger (Meles meles) responses to low-intensity, selective culling: using mark recapture and relatedness data to assess social perturbation
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Vaccinating badgers in a post-cull landscape; insights from the field
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