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94 results for “Badgers”
Occurrence dataset for the subspecies of the American badger (Taxidea taxus berlandieri) in the north-central region of Mexico
<p>The subspecies of American badger (<em>Taxidea taxus berlandieri </em>Baird, 1858), also called tlalcoyote (Figure 1), is distributed in north-central Mexico. However, its occurrence records are scarce and the few that exist are uncertain due to incorrect georeferencing or identification of the taxonomic unit. In view of this, we disgned a spatial sampling in part of the states of Coahuila de Zaragoza, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas. In this north-central protion of Mexico, we generated a grid of squares measuring 5 × 5 km over the entire study area using QGIS® 3.10 software. Subsequently, we excluded squares that included urban settlements, agricultural land, or water bodies in more than 30% of their extension; we also descarted squares located at an altitude over 2,250 meters above sea level. To perform this filtering, we used both the land use and vegetation chart of the INEGI [Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática] (2018) and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) downloaded from the USGS page [United States Geological Survey] (2019) as a basis. As result, we obtained 3,471 squares separated by at least 5 km. Then, through simple random sampling, 177 (≈5%) squares were selected, where we generated centroids to be used as sampling sites. </p> <p>In field work, between 2009 and 2015, at these 177 sites we traced a 10 × 100 m transect, where we searched for<em> T. t. berlandieri</em> signs (i.e., burrows and scratching posts). In this case, their burrows and scratching posts are easily observed and quantified, and there is no chance of mistaking them for burrows of other species (Long 1973; Merlin 1999). Also, we recorded possible sightings, as other studies (e.g., Merlin 1999; Elbroch 2003). As result, we only found 33 with signs of occurrence. </p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Figure%201.%20Taxidea%20taxus%20Berlandieri%20Baird%2C%201858.jpeg">Figure 1.</a> Individual of tlalcoyote (<em>Taxidea taxus Berlandieri</em>). Photo obtained from Naturalista (2023) and uploaded by David Molina©. All rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND).</p> <p>To increase the number of records, we included occurrence data from GBIF [Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal] (2022). We downloaded only the records that included coordinates and that their basis of registration was "preserved specimen". This, because they are correctly identified as specimens from biological collections (Maldonado <em>et al.</em> 2015). In addition, we only selected records for Mexico. Subsequently, we filtered the downloaded database, discarding records that were incorrectly georeferenced, with atypical and duplicate coordinates, as well as with low geospatial accuracy (e.g., less than three decimals of precision).</p> <p>We loaded the remaining data into the QGIS® software and performed a spatial filtering, where we excluded data that were outside the study area, located in unlikely areas (e.g., human settlements, bodies of water, agricultural areas) and with a distance of less than 5 km from the records obtained in the field. This gave a total of 10 records from the GBIF portal. Finally, we loaded the raster layers of elevation (Elev; INEGI 2007), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, USGS 2019) and the slope of the terrain into the software to extract the pixel values based on the GBIF records and those obtained in the field. With this, we generated a new global dataset to which we performed environmental filtering to find environmental outliers. We plotted the normality distribution of the data for each variable and the dispersion of the data among the variables. In this filtering, we conserve all records. Figure 2 shows the normality distribution of the records as a function of Elev. Figure 3 shows the dispersion of the data between Elev and NDVI.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Figure%202.%20Normal%20distribution.png">Figure 2.</a> Normality distribution of <em>T. t. berlandieri</em> occurrence records as a function of the elevation variable (Elev).</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Figure%203.%20Scatter%20plot.png">Figure 3.</a> Scatter plot of <em>T. t. berlandieri</em> occurrence records as a function of elevation (Elev) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).</p> <p>For the north-central region of Mexico, we present the global database (i.e., <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Tatabe_joint.csv">Tatabe_joint.csv</a>), as well as the database that contains only the field evidence records (i.e., <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Tatabe_first_order.csv">Tatabe_first_order.csv</a>) and another one with the filtered GBIF records (i.e., <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Tatabe_GBIF.csv">Tatabe_GBIF.csv</a>).</p>
Alfred G. Badger (b3278)
<b>-- <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11582199">Documentation</a> --</b><br><br><u>Name</u>: Alfred G. Badger<br><u>musiXplora-ID</u>: b3278<br><u>musiXplora-URI</u>: <a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/b3278">https://musixplora.de/mxp/b3278</a><br><u>Gender</u>: m<br><u>Date of Birth</u>: 1814<br><u>Place of Birth</u>: Connecticut<br><u>Date of Death</u>: 08 November 1892<br><u>Place of Death</u>: New York<br><u>First Mentioned</u>: 1838<br><u>Sectors</u>: Instrumentenbau<br><u>Professions (Musical)</u>: Holzblasinstrumentenbauer<br><u>Other Places of Activity</u>: Buffalo/NY, New York, Newark/NJ<br><br><br><u>Titel/Medien:</u><br><table><tbody><tr><th>Role</th><th>Sigel</th><th>Title</th><th>mXp-ID</th></tr><tr><td>Related</td><td>New Langwill Index 1993</td><td>The New Langwill Index. A Dictionary of Musical Wind-Instrument Makers and Inventors. NLI</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5001112">5001112</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br><u>Ereignisse:</u><br><table><tbody><tr><th>Role</th><th>Sigel</th><th>Title</th><th>mXp-ID</th></tr><tr><td>Related</td><td></td><td>Herstellung</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/6007030">6007030</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br><br><u>Changelog</u>:<br> - v0.0.1: Initial Upload.<br>
Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger (Meles meles) behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission
1. Culling wildlife as a form of disease management can have unexpected and sometimes counterproductive outcomes. In the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are culled in efforts to reduce badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). However, culling has previously been associated with both increased and decreased incidence of M. bovis infection in cattle. 2. The adverse effects of culling have been linked to cull-induced changes in badger ranging, but such changes are not well documented at the individual level. Using GPS-collars, we characterised individual badger behaviour within an area subjected to widespread industry-led culling, comparing it with the same area before culling and with three unculled areas. 3. Culling was associated with a 61% increase (95% CI 27-103%) in monthly home range size, a 39% increase (95% CI 28-51%) in nightly maximum distance from the sett, and a 17% increase (95% CI 11-24%) in displacement between successive GPS-collar locations recorded at 20-minute intervals. Despite travelling further, we found a 91.2 minute (95% CI 67.1-115.3 minute) reduction in the nightly activity time of individual badgers associated with culling. These changes became apparent while culls were ongoing and persisted after culling ended. 4. Expanded ranging in culled areas was associated with individual badgers visiting 45% (95% CI 15-80%) more fields each month, suggesting that surviving individuals had the opportunity to contact more cattle. Moreover, surviving badgers showed a 19.9-fold increase (95% CI 10.8-36.4 increase) in the odds of trespassing into neighbouring group territories, increasing opportunities for intergroup contact. 5. Synthesis and Applications: Badger culling was associated with behavioural changes among surviving badgers which potentially increased opportunities for both badger-to-badger and badger-to-cattle transmission of M. bovis. Furthermore, by reducing the time badgers spent active, culling may have reduced badgers' accessibility to shooters, potentially undermining subsequent population control efforts. Our results specifically illustrate the challenges posed by badger behaviour to cull-based TB control strategies and furthermore, they highlight the negative impacts culling can have on integrated disease control strategies.
Fig. 4 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine
Fig. 4. Winter average monthly temperatures in Kharkiv City in 2007–2009 and 2011 (http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru).
Fig. 1 in Eurasian badger Meles meles habitat and sett site selection in the northern Apennines
Fig. 1 - Geographic position of the study area, with Sett Points, Random Points and water (rivers and streams) layer.
Fig. 2 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps
Fig. 2. Daily activity patterns of Sunda stink-badger within Lots 5 and 7 of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Borneo. The grey areas represent an extension of the activity pattern to depict its circular nature, and 'carpet' marks along the x-axis represent individual photographic events. Vertical dashed red lines indicate either the end or beginning of the diurnal phase of the diel (0700–1659 hours). Vertical blue lines indicate either the end or beginning of the nocturnal phase of the diel (1900–0459 hours). Regions between red and blue lines represent the crepuscular regions of the diel (0500–0659 hours and 1700–1859 hours).
Fig. A3 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps
Fig. A3. Co-occurrence of Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis and Malay civet Viverra tangalunga photo-captured in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo on 13 June 2013.
Fig. A2 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps
Fig. A2. Kernel density modelled activity patterns for the Sunda stink-badger during different periods; overlap between activity patterns is indicated by the shaded regions. Vertical dashed red lines indicate either the end or beginning of the diurnal phase of the diel (0700–1659h). Vertical blue lines indicate either the end or beginning of the nocturnal phase of the diel (1900–0459h). Regions between red and blue lines represent the crepuscular regions of the diel (0500–0659h and 1700–1859h). 'Carpet' marks along the x-axis represent individual photographic events, and are colour co-ordinated to their respective activity pattern. Top (a): Overlap in kernel density modelled activity pattern in the wet season (November–February) compared to the dry season (March–October). Middle (b): Overlap in kernel density modelled activity pattern on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Bottom (c): Overlap in kernel density modelled activity pattern on 'bright' nights (full moon, waxing gibbous, and waning gibbous) compared to 'dim' nights (new moon, new crescent, and old crescent).
Fig. 1 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps
Fig. 1. Location of the camera trap stations in Lots 5 and 7 of the LKWS along the northern bank of the Kinabatangan River, Sabah, Borneo.
Figure 7 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 7. Bivariate plots of the multidimensional scaling (MDS) axes (E1 and K1) for three morphological forms of the European badger: 1, 'non–Fennoscandian'; 2, 'south-western Norwegian'; 3, 'main Fennoscandian'; A, males; B, females.
Figure 5 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 5. The ranges of the 'south-western Norwegian' and 'main Fennoscandian' badgers, based on posterior classification probabilities: 0–0.3, 'main Fennoscandian' badgers; 0.3–0.6, classification unclear (6.2%); 0.6–1.0, 'south-western Norwegian' badgers.
Figure 3 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 3. Bivariate plots of the most important multidimensional scaling (MDS) axes (E1 and K1) for two morphological clusters of the European badger: 1, 'non-Fennoscandian'; 2, 'Fennoscandian'. A, males. B, females.
Figure 2 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 2. Measurements taken of the badger skulls: 1, condylobasal length; 2, neurocranium length; 3, viscerocranium length; 4, minimum palatal width; 5, palatal length; 6, maxillary tooth-row length; 7, length of upper carnassial tooth Pm4; 8, greatest length between oral border of the auditory bulla and aboral border of the occipital condyle; 9, length of the auditory bulla; 10, zygomatic width; 11, mastoid width of skull; 12, postorbital width; 13, interorbital width; 14, width of rostrum; 15, greatest palatal width; 16, width of the auditory bulla; 17, width of upper molar M1; 18, cranial height; 19, total length of the mandible; 20, length between the angular process and the infradentale; 21, mandibular tooth-row length; 22, length of lower carnassial tooth M1; 23, height of the vertical mandibular ramus; 24, length of upper molar M1; 25, length of upper canine; 26, width of upper canine; 27, length of lower molar M; 28, width of lower molar M; 29, 2 2 talonid length of lower carnassial tooth M1; 30, length of lower premolar Pm2.
Figure 1 in Cranial variation in the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Scandinavia
Figure 1. Range of the European badger (Meles meles) (1), and localities of the specimens included in this study (2).
Figure 12 in The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Figure 12. Local and regional variation in the larger cheekteeth (upper P4 and M1) of Arctonyx collaris, depicted to scale, as figured by Pocock (1941). A, adult male, eastern India ('Bengal'). B, immature male, eastern India (Nagaland, Naga Hills). C, immature male, eastern India (Meghalaya, Jaintia Hills). D, immature male, Myanmar (Kindat area). E, old adult male, Myanmar (Mt Toungoo). F, immature female, Myanmar (Lockaw). G, immature male, Vietnam (Nhatrang). H, immature male, Myanmar (Mt Toungoo). I, immature female, Myanmar (Chin Hills). Labelled as by Pocock (1941). Based on vouchered specimens at BMNH (see Pocock, 1941).
Figure 3 in The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Figure 3. Comparative molar dimensions in Arctonyx skulls. Maximum crown length versus crown width for upper M1 (zygomatic width) in 80 intact molars, excluding excessively worn teeth (A. hoevenii, triangles; A. albogularis, diamonds; A. collaris, squares). All ages pooled. Whereas the size-variable teeth of A. collaris and A. albogularis overlap broadly in their dimensions, molar dimensions for Arctonyx hoevenii show no overlap with the other two species.
Figure 6 in The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Figure 6. Representative skulls of the three species of Arctonyx. A, Arctonyx hoevenii, USNM 269073, adult female from 'Atjeh', northern Sumatra. B, A. collaris, USNM 256678, adult female, from Trang, Peninsular Thailand (topotypical). C, A. albogularis, FMNH 39373, adult female, from Hsien, Fujian Province, China. Scale bar = 20 mm.
Figure 1 in The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Figure 1. Some characteristic craniometric differences between young adult and older Arctonyx, as demonstrated by two female skulls of A. hoevenii from northern Sumatra. Above, USNM 269073, adult female from 'Atjeh'; below, ANSP 20232, young adult female from Gunung Leuser. Young adults generally match adults/old adults in overall length, but have the zygomata weakly expanded in comparison, the interorbital and postorbital regions less constricted, cranial cresting less pronounced, and the surfaces of the teeth less worn.
Figure 5 in The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Figure 5. Grouped morphometric separation (discriminant function analysis) drawing from the same specimens and measurements for A. hoevenii, A. albogularis and A. collaris as in Figure 4 (Table 2). All ages (young adult, adult, old adult) pooled together; A. hoevenii, triangles; A. albogularis, diamonds; A collaris, squares.
Figure 13 in The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
Figure 13. Additional examples of variation in the larger cheekteeth (upper P4 and M1) of Arctonyx collaris, depicted photographically, to scale. Above, AMNH 87394, adult male, Laos (Bolovens Plateau); middle, AMNH 87395, young adult female, Laos (Bolovens Plateau); below, AMNH 37221, old adult, unsexed, Thailand ('Siam'). Scale bar = 10 mm.
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