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Figure 2 in A new species of the sharpshooter genus Balacha from an alpine field in southeastern Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

Figure 2 Balacha caledonia sp. nov.Female terminalia: (a) sternite VII, ventral view; (b) "internal" sternite VIII, dorsal view; (c) pygofer, lateral view (scale bar = 1mm); (d) valvifer I, lateral view; (e) valvula I, lateral view; (f) apical portion of ramus and dorsal sculptured area of valvula I, lateral view; (g) valvula II, lateral view; (h) teeth, denticles, and ducts of valvulae II, lateral view (sections of two blades shown in photograph).

Figure 4 in A new species of the sharpshooter genus Balacha from an alpine field in southeastern Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

Figure 4 Cicadellinae from the municipality of Nova Friburgo, southeastern Brazil. Three species so far known only from the Pico do Caledônia area (a-c) and three species with widespread distribution in the Atlantic Forest (d-f). (a) Paratubana auromarginata Côrte, Pecly, Quintas, Ferreira, Cavichioli & Mejdalani, 2021; (b) Cavichiana caelivittata Mejdalani, Quintas, Pecly, Froza, Carvalho & Silva, 2023; (c) Macugonalia semiguttata (Signoret, 1853); (d) Amblyscartidia albofasciata (Walker, 1851); (e) Neodayoungia xanthonota (Signoret, 1854); (f) Laneola rubricauda (Signoret, 1854). Photos taken by André Almeida Alves.

Figure 1 in A new species of the sharpshooter genus Balacha from an alpine field in southeastern Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

Figure 1 Balacha caledonia sp. nov. (a) Female, dorsal habitus (scale bar = 4mm); (b) female, lateral habitus; (c) female, face. (d-i) Male terminalia: (d) pygofer, lateral view (scale bar = 1mm); (e) pygofer, ventral view; (f) valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; (g) connective and style, dorsal view; (h) ejaculatory bulb and aedeagus, lateral view; (i) paraphyses, dorsal view.

Figure 3 in A new species of the sharpshooter genus Balacha from an alpine field in southeastern Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)

Figure 3 Balacha caledonia sp. nov. photographed at the type locality, an alpine field in Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, on its host plant (Eryngium sp., Apiaceae). (a) Dorsal view; (b) lateral view. Photos taken by André Almeida Alves.

FIGURE 40 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURE 40. Distribution in South America of species of the red Balacha clade (sensu Takiya & Mejdalani 2004).

FIGURE 39 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURE 39. Distribution in South America of species of the black Balacha clade (sensu Takiya & Mejdalani 2004).

FIGURE 38 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURE 38. Preferred topology for the phylogenetic analysis of Balacha based on morphological data and obtained under implied weights (k = 1.599 to 7.412). OG: outgroup. Ancestral area distributions, as recovered by S-DIVA (based on eight equally most parsimonious trees under equal weights), and known distribution of species are given by colored circles. Each color represents an area shown in the accompanying maps (Figs 39 and 40). Sharpshooter images from Wilson et al. (2009), except those of B. lepida, B. rubripennis, and the two new species.

FIGURES 27–37 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURES 27–37. Balacha nigroflava sp. nov., female. (27) Sternite VII, ventral view. (28) Pygofer, lateral view (gonangulum also illustrated). (29–30) First ovipositor valvula and valvifer: (29) general lateral view; (30) valvifer and basal portion of valvula at a higher magnification, lateral view. (31–36) Second ovipositor valvula: (31) general lateral view; (32) teeth at basal portion (two blades shown); (33) tooth at median portion; (34) tooth at apical portion; (35) denticles at apical portion; (36) preapical prominence. (37) Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. DEN: denticle; DSA: dorsal sculptured area; DUC: duct; GON: gonangulum; PPR: preapical prominence; RAM: ramus; TOO: tooth; VID: ventral interlocking device; VL1: first valvifer; VL2: second valvifer; VSA: ventral sculptured area.

FIGURES 21–26 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURES 21–26. Balacha nigroflava sp. nov., male. (21) Head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view. (22–26) Terminalia: (22) pygofer, lateral view; (23) valve and subgenital plate (only the insertion points of most macrosetae were illustrated), ventral view; (24) style, connective, and paraphyses, dorsal view; (25) aedeagus, lateral view; (26) aedeagus, ejaculatory bulb, and anal tube, ventral view.

FIGURES 7–16 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURES 7–16. Balacha ancora sp. nov., female. (7) Sternite VII, ventral view. (8) Pygofer, lateral view (gonangulum also illustrated). (9–11) First ovipositor valvula and valvifer: (9) general lateral view; (10) dorsal sculptured area at median portion; (11) apex and ventral sculptured area. (12–15) Second ovipositor valvula: (12) general lateral view; (13) teeth at basal portion; (14) teeth at median portion; (15) apex. (16) Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. DEN: denticle; DSA: dorsal sculptured area; DUC: duct; GON: gonangulum; PPR: preapical prominence; RAM: ramus; TOO: tooth; VID: ventral interlocking device; VL1: first valvifer; VL2: second valvifer; VSA: ventral sculptured area.

FIGURES 17–20 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURES 17–20. Body, dorsal view: (17) Balacha ancora sp. nov., male (length 4.8 mm); (18) Balacha nigroflava sp. nov., male (l. 5.8 mm); (19) Balacha rubripennis Cavichioli & Sakakibara, 1988, male (l. 9.4 mm). (20) Balacha ancora sp. nov. on a leaf of Actinocephalus polyanthus (Bong.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae) at Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais State (1,279 m a.s.l.); photo: André Almeida Alves, October 10, 2019.

FIGURES 1–6 in Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography

FIGURES 1–6. Balacha ancora sp. nov., male. (1) Head, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view. (2–6) Terminalia: (2) pygofer, lateral view (most macrosetae are missing but their insertion points were illustrated); (3) style, connective, and subgenital plate, ventral view (only the insertion points of plate macrosetae were illustrated); (4) style and connective, dorsal view; (5) paraphyses, dorsal view; (6) aedeagus and anal tube, lateral view.