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16 results for “Ballast Water”
Figure 7 in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 7. The application of the on-demand visualization tool for assessing the risk of ballast water sourced from Providence, USA and discharged in Louisbourg, Canada.
Figure 4 in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 4. An example two-level report for Incoming Vessels by Arrival Date. Level one is displayed on the left and level two is displayed on the right.
Figure 6 in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 6. An example Risk Map showing environmental risk between source port Boston, USA and destination port Saint John, Canada.
Figure 5 in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 5. An example two-level report for Ballast Discharge Amount (m3) by Tank Discharge Date. Level one is displayed on the left and level two is displayed on the right.
Figure 2 in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 2. The Ballast Water Information System provides services to Operational Team, Data Users, Vessel Operators, and System Administrators such as: 1) facilitating data entry, validation and verification for Ballast Water Reporting Forms (BWRFs); 2) providing a search functionality for BWRFs; 3) providing basic reports on BWRF data; and 4) implementing research on risk assessment to build decision-support reports.
Figure 1 in Discharge compliance at Shanghai port - a case study on discharged ballast water from vessels with Ballast Water Treatment System
Figure 1. Water quality parameters of ballast water samples. Sal.: salinity; Temp.: temperature; DO: dissolved oxygen.
Figure 3 in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 3. An overall view of all modules of the Ballast Water Information System.
Incorporation of colonization pressure into the propagule pressure-based global ballast water standard
<p>In 2024 cargo vessels must meet the International Maritime Organization's global ballast water discharge standards (IMO D-2) that limit the concentration of living organisms. D-2 focuses on reducing invasion risk by reducing 'community propagule pressure (CPP)', though it does not consider colonization pressure (CP). We modeled risk differences in IMO D-2-compliant discharges (10 ind. m-3) for communities that had inverse patterns of CP and species' individual propagule pressures (IPP). Secondly, we determined the effect on risk of varying CPP and CP. As part of this we tested whether the IMO D-2 standard for zooplankton-sized organisms of <10 individuals m-3 was an optimal choice. Risk was defined as probability of at least one species invading using four risk-release models. Risk differed strongly at the D-2 limit based on community composition. At low CPP (<25 ind. m-3), risk was strongly affected by CP for hyperbolic and linear risk-release models and weakly for exponential and logistic models, while CPP affected only the former two model types. Across a much wider range of CPP values, risk was affected by CP, CPP, and by their interaction for all models. The IMO D-2 standard for zooplankton-sized organisms requires very low CPP and even lower IPPs in mixed-species releases, which will impede successful colonization. Species-abundance theory predicts that discharges meeting the D-2 standard (low CPP) will also have low CP. Much more empirical data is required to determine whether vessels can consistently reduce CP as it lower CPP in order to meet these requirements.</p>
Incorporation of colonization pressure into the propagule pressure-based global ballast water standard
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Data from: Hybrid system increases efficiency of ballast water treatment
1. Ballast water has been a principal pathway of nonindigenous species introduction to global ports for much of the 20th century. In an effort to reduce the scale of this pathway, and recognizing forthcoming global regulations that will supplant ballast water exchange (BWE) with ballast water treatment (BWT), we explore whether a combined hybrid treatment of BWE and chlorination (Cl) exceeds individual effects of either BWE or chlorination alone in reducing densities of bacteria, microplankton and macroplankton. 2. Five full-scale trials were conducted on an operational bulk carrier travelling between Canada and Brazil. 3. The hybrid treatment generally had the lowest final densities among all treatments for putative enterococci, Escherichia coli, and coliform bacteria, as well as microplankton and macroplankton, with the former two being synergistically lower than individual treatments alone. Microplankton abundance in the hybrid treatment was significantly but antagonistically reduced relative to individual treatments alone. Macroplankton final density was lowest in the hybrid treatment, though the interaction between treatments was not significant. 4. Synthesis and applications. In most cases the combined hybrid treatment of ballast water exchange (BWE) and chlorination reduced population densities of indicator organisms in ballast water below those proposed by the International Maritime Organization's D-2 performance standards. BWE alone was often ineffective at reducing bacterial and macroplankton densities. Even when performance standards are implemented globally, continued use of BWE could further reduce risk of invasions to freshwater ecosystems that receive ballast water from foreign sources by accentuating the decline in propagule pressure and enhancing demographic constraints for putative invaders.
Data from: Possible ballast water transfer of lionfish to the eastern Pacific Ocean
The Indo-Pacific Red Lionfish was first reported off the Florida coast in 1985, following which it has spread across much of the SE USA, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. Lionfish negatively impact fish and invertebrate assemblages and abundances, thus further spread is cause for concern. To date, the fish has not been reported on the Pacific coast of North or Central America. Here we examine the possibility of ballast water transfer of lionfish from colonized areas in the Atlantic Ocean to USA ports on the Pacific coast. Over an eight-year period, we documented 27 commercial vessel-trips in which ballast water was loaded in colonized sites and later discharged untreated into Pacific coast ports in the USA. California had the highest number of discharges including San Francisco Bay and Los Angeles-Long Beach. A species distribution model suggests that the probability of lionfish establishment is low for the western USA, Colombia and Panama, low to medium for Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala, medium to high for mainland Ecuador, and very high for western Mexico, Peru and the Galapagos Islands. Given the species' intolerance of freshwater conditions, we propose that ballast water exchange be conducted in Gatún Lake, Panama for western-bound vessels carrying 'risky' ballast water to prevent invasion of the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Data from: Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia
Biological invasions have the potential to cause extensive ecological and economic damage. Maritime trade facilitates biological invasions by transferring species in ballast water, and on ships' hulls. With volumes of maritime trade increasing globally, efforts to prevent these biological invasions are of significant importance. Both the International Maritime Organization and the Australian government have developed policy seeking to reduce the risk of these invasions. In this study, we constructed models for the transfer of ballast water into Australian waters, based on historic ballast survey data. We used these models to hindcast ballast water discharge over all vessels that arrived in Australian waters between 1999 and 2012. We used models for propagule survival to compare the risk of ballast-mediated propagule transport between ecoregions. We found that total annual ballast discharge volume into Australia more than doubled over the study period, with the vast majority of ballast water discharge and propagule pressure associated with bulk carrier traffic. As such, the ecoregions suffering the greatest risk are those associated with the export of mining commodities. As global marine trade continues to increase, effective monitoring and biosecurity policy will remain necessary to combat the risk of future marine invasion events.
Data from: Possible ballast water transfer of lionfish to the eastern Pacific Ocean
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Data from: Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia
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Data from: Hybrid system increases efficiency of ballast water treatment
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Figure 1. A in Developing an advanced information system to support ballast water management
Figure 1. A timeline of important milestones in the development of the Canadian Ballast Water Information System (BWIS). BWRF = Ballast Water Reporting Forms.
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