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11 results for “Barred owl”
Characterizing juvenile dispersal dynamics of invasive barred owls: implications for management
<p>Characterizing natal dispersal can help manage the spread of invasive species expanding their ranges in response to land use and climate change. The Barred Owl (<em>Strix varia</em>) is a prominent example of an apex predator undergoing a rapid range expansion, having spread from eastern to western North America where it is now hyperabundant—threatening the Northern Spotted Owl (<em>S. occidentalis caurina</em>) with extinction and potentially endangering many other native species. We attached satellite tags to 31 Barred Owl juveniles at the southern leading edge of the Barred Owl's expanding range in California to characterize natal dispersal patterns and inform management. Juveniles traveled up to 100km from natal territories and experienced high mortality (annual survival = 0.204). At landscape scales, juveniles preferentially used forests, shrublands, and lower elevations during dispersal and avoided grasslands and burned areas. At finer scales, juveniles preferred shorter (younger) forests, lower elevations, and drainages, and avoided unforested areas. Our results suggest the Barred Owl range expansion is being driven primarily by high reproductive rates and densities despite low juvenile survival rates and dispersal through putatively suboptimal younger forests as a result of exclusion from high-quality habitat by territorial individuals. These findings also point to several strategies for conserving Spotted Owls and other native species in the Barred Owl's expanded range, including: (1) creating and maintaining Barred Owl-free reserves bounded by open or high-elevation areas; (2) creating reserves large enough to reduce immigration by long distance dispersers; and (3) removing Barred Owls from large riparian corridors. </p>
Characterizing juvenile dispersal dynamics of invasive barred owls: implications for management
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Passive acoustic monitoring indicates Barred Owls are established in northern coastal California and management intervention is warranted
<p>Barred Owls (<em>Strix varia</em>) have recently expanded westward from eastern North America, contributing to substantial declines in Northern Spotted Owls (<em>Strix occidentalis caurina</em>). Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) represents a potentially powerful approach for tracking range expansions like the Barred Owl's, but further methods development is needed to ensure that PAM-informed occupancy models meaningfully reflect population processes. Focusing on the leading edge of the Barred Owl range expansion in coastal California, we used a combination of PAM data, GPS-tagging, and active surveys to (1) estimate breeding home range size, (2) identify patterns of vocal activity that reflect resident occupancy, and (3) estimate resident occupancy rates. Mean breeding season home range size (452 ha) was reasonably consistent with the size of cells (400 ha) sampled with autonomous recording units (ARUs). Nevertheless, false-positive acoustic detections of Barred Owls frequently occurred within cells not containing an activity center such that site occupancy estimates derived using all detected vocalizations (0.61) were unlikely to be representative of resident occupancy. However, the proportion of survey nights with confirmed vocalizations (VN) and the number of ARUs within a sampling cell with confirmed vocalizations (VU) were indicative of Barred Owl residency. Moreover, the false positive error rate could be reduced for occupancy analyses by establishing thresholds of VN and VU to define detections, although doing so increased false negative error rates in some cases. Using different thresholds of VN and VU, we estimated resident occupancy to be 0.29–0.44, which indicates that Barred Owls have become established in the region but also that timely lethal removals could still help prevent the extirpation of Northern Spotted Owls. Our findings provide a scalable framework for monitoring Barred Owl populations throughout their expanded range and, more broadly, a basis for converting site occupancy to resident occupancy in PAM programs. </p>
Data from: home ranges, habitat selection, and energy expenditure of Strix varia (Barred Owls): understanding the full diel cycle matters for enhancing urban landscapes
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Passive acoustic monitoring indicates Barred Owls are established in northern coastal California and management intervention is warranted
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Sierra Nevada Barred Owl Occupancy Data 2017-2018
<p>Do not use without author's permission.</p>
High rates of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in California Barred Owls
<p>Pesticide use is pervasive and the exposure of non-target wildlife has been well documented over the past half century. Among pesticides, anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) have emerged as a particularly important threat in forests of the western United States, with exposure and mortality reported for several species of conservation concern. To further quantify this threat, we collected specimens of Barred Owls (<i>Strix varia</i>) and Barred Owl x Spotted Owl hybrids from the Klamath and Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada in California, USA to use as indicator species for environmental contamination with AR and to infer exposure of closely related and ecologically similar Northern and California Spotted Owls (<i>S. occidentalis caurina, and S. o. occidentalis, </i>respectively). We tested 115 Barred Owl and 12 Barred Owl x Spotted Owl hybrid livers for eight AR compounds and found high rates of exposure (62%) across our study area, and greater than previous studies in the Pacific Northwest. In addition, we sampled seven ovaries from seven females and 100% tested positive for AR. Female Barred Owls were more likely than males to be exposed (78% and 50%, respectively). Unlike previous studies, we found no clear link between illegal cannabis cultivation and AR exposure. However, Barred Owls sampled in proximity to the wildland-urban interface (WUI) were more likely to be exposed to AR. Though the exact source (e.g., cannabis cultivation or application around human dwellings) and location is unknown, the association of AR exposure with the WUI was supported from GPS data from Barred Owls, Northern and California Spotted Owls, and hybrids using the WUI for foraging. The high rate of AR exposure in Barred Owls and hybrids provides mounting evidence of an additional stressor that ARs may pose to Spotted Owls – including the first evidence for California Spotted Owls – and fauna native to western forest ecosystems.</p>
High rates of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in California Barred Owls
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Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
<p>Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually-marked Northern Spotted Owls (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) monitored over 28 years on seven study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex, experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events less than 37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with increases in annual detections of non-native Barred Owl (<i>S. varia</i>). Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals, also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of 3.26 km and 3.10 km respectively), and birds with less experience (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory. While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from historic study areas.</p>
Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
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Data from: Passive acoustic monitoring effectively detects Northern Spotted Owls and Barred Owls over a range of forest conditions
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