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Text-fig. 9. a–d: Nyssidium orientale SAMYLINA, Partizansk, Starosuchan Formation, Barremian, a – spec. BIN 506/3749, general view of four fruits, b1 – spec. BIN 506/3749-1, holotype, b2 – spec. BIN 506/3749-2, c – spec. BIN 506/3749-6, d – spec. BIN 506/3749-5; e–f: Cercidiphyllum sujfunense KRASSILOV, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, e – spec. IBSS 11-135, fruit, f – spec. IBSS 11-134, leaf, holotype. Scale bar 5 mm in a, e, f and 2 mm in b–d. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 9. a–d: Nyssidium orientale SAMYLINA, Partizansk, Starosuchan Formation, Barremian, a – spec. BIN 506/3749, general view of four fruits, b1 – spec. BIN 506/3749-1, holotype, b2 – spec. BIN 506/3749-2, c – spec. BIN 506/3749-6, d – spec. BIN 506/3749-5; e–f: Cercidiphyllum sujfunense KRASSILOV, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, e – spec. IBSS 11-135, fruit, f – spec. IBSS 11-134, leaf, holotype. Scale bar 5 mm in a, e, f and 2 mm in b–d.

FIGURE 2 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic divisions of the Choshi Group (modified from Obata and Matsukawa, 2007, 2009a, b). The star marks the fossil-bearing horizon.

FIGURE 1 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality of the Choshi area, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The star marks the fossil locality.

FIGURE 5 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 5. Cretaceous paleobiogeography of Pterothrissinae and Elopiformes. The number of localities corresponds to the number in Table 3. The reference map is Barremian (modified from Scotese, 2014). The number in regular font indicates the otolith-based fossil record, and italics in bold indicate the skeleton-based fossil record. Table 3 shows the details of each fossil record.

FIGURE 4 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 4. Otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. A-C: Elopiformes fam., gen. et sp. indet. A. CBM–PV 8206. A1) Dorsal view. A2) Line drawing of A1. A3) Inside view. A4) Line drawing of A3. B. CBM–PV 8326 B1) Dorsal view. B2) Inside view. C. CBM–PV 8327. C1) Dorsal view. C2) Inside view. D-F: Argentinidae gen. et sp. indet. D. CBM–PV 8207. D1) Dorsal view. D2) Line drawing of D1. D3) Inside view. D4) Line drawing of D3. E. CBM–PV 8328. E1) Dorsal view. E2) Inside view. F. CBM–PV 8329. F1) Dorsal view. F2) Inside view. G. Ichthyotringidae fam, gen. et sp. indet. G. CBM–PV 8208. G1) Dorsal view. G2) Line drawing of G1. G3) Inside view. G4) Line drawing of G3. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in The first record of Lower Cretaceous otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) of the Choshi Group, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

FIGURE 3. Otoliths from the Kimigahama Formation (Barremian) in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. 3A-B: Teleostei fam., gen. et sp. indet. A. CBM (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba)–PV 8203. A1) Dorsal view. A2) Line drawing of A1. A3) Inside view. A4) Line drawing of A3. B. CBM–PV 8204. B1) Dorsal view. B2) Inside view. C-E: Pterothrissinae gen. et sp. indet. C. CBM–PV 8205. C1) Dorsal view. C2) Line drawing of C1. C3) Inside view. C4) Line drawing of C3. D. CBM–PV 8324. D1) Dorsal view. D2 Inside view. E. CBM–PV 8325. E1) Dorsal view. E2) Inside view.Scale bar = 1 mm

Fig. 5 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 5 (a–p) Moulladella jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade) n. gen., n. comb.: (a, e) (sub)axial sections, note the densely filled central zone ("secondary deposits") in the upper part of (a). (b, p) tangential sections. (c–d, f–g, i–l, m) oblique sections. (h, n) slightly oblique transverse sections. Note anastomizing pillars in (h). (o) slightly oblique transverse section displaying densely filled central zone. b, beam; col, columella; f, foramen; p, protoconch; pi, pillar, s, septum. Thin-sections: 12562-5 (a), 12563-6 (b), 12564-1 (c), 12563-3 (d), 3779-PdC (e), 12570 (f), 12569-5 (g), 13679 (h), 14099 (i), 14095A (j), 14098-2 (k), 12563-6 (l), 14097 (m), 12562-6 (n), 14734 (o), 14099-2 (p). Location and age: (a-n, p) Dâmbovicioara area, Southern Carpathians, Romania (Early Valanginian); (e) Pădurea Craiului, Apuseni Mountains, Romania (Early Barremian). (o) Jerma River Canyon, Estern Serbia (Early Valanginian).

Fig. 7 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 7 Benthic foraminifera associated with Moulladella jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade) n. gen., n. comb. from the Dâmbovicioara area, Romania. (a) Coscinoconus campanellus (Arnaud-Vanneau, Boisseau & Darsac), slightly oblique axial section. (b) Coscinoconus cherchiae (Arnaud-Vannaeu, Boisseau & Darsac), axial section. (c) Danubiella gracillima Neagu, subaxal section. (d) Protopeneroplis ultragranulata (Gorbatchik), oblique section. (e, h) Paracoskinolina? pfenderae Canerot & Moullade, axial and slightly oblique transverse sections. (f, g) Montsalevia salevensis (Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti), slightly oblique axial section, and transverse section together with Haplophragmoides joukowsky Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti (axial section) (H). Thin-sections: 14096 (a), 12562 (b), 12569 (c), 13697 (d), 12568- 2 (e), 12563 (f), 12564 (g) and 11867-6 (h). Scale bars 0.3 mm.

Fig. 4 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 4 Moulladella jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade) n. gen., n. comb. (a, g) Tangential-oblique sections of microspheric specimens exhibiting voluminous initial spire. (b) Axial section of a macrospheric specimen. (c, k) Tangential sections showing alternating chamberlets of the marginal zone connected by oblique foramina. (d) Oblique-tangential section. (e, j, m) Axial sections. (h, l) Oblique sections. (f, i) Juvenile specimens in tangential sections. (n) Oblique section of the initial spire of a macrospheric specimen. b, beam; f, foramen; p, protoconch; pi, pillar, s, septum. Thin-sections: 14729 (a), 12563-5 (b), 14099-2 (c), 12561-2 (d, f), 12558A (e), 42-Irimieş (g), 12562-5 (h), 12563-4 (i), 12563-6 (j), 14098-2 (k), 12563 (l), 12563-2 (m), 12563-4 (n). Location and age: (a) Jerma River Canyon, Eastern Serbia, Early Valanginian; (b–f, h–n) Dâmbovicioara area, Southern Carpathians, Romania (Early Valanginian); (g) Reşiţa-Moldova Nouă zone, Southern Carpathians, Romania (Early Barremian).

Fig. 3 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 3 Paracoskinolina (Meyendorffina) jourdanensis Foury & Moullade, Barremian of France (a–d); holotype specimen in (a) (from Foury and Moullade, 1966, pl. 1, figs. 2–3, 5–6). e–h Conicopfenderina? balkanica Peybernès, Valanginian of Bulgaria; holotype specimen in (f) (from Peybernès, 2004, pl. 1, figs. 7, 1, 8–9).

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Fig. 2 in First Record Of Harlanjohnsonella Annulata Elliott In Granier & Deloffre, 1993, Non 1968, A Triploporellacean Alga In Upper Barremian-Lowermost Bedoulian Strata Of Lebanon

Fig. 2 Stratigraphic section in El-Sheaybeh (coordinates are 33º55'8.83''N; 36º14'8.88''E) with distribution of Harlanjohnsonella annulata Elliott in Granier & Deloffre in red, Choffatella decipiens (Schlumberger) in blue, Salpingoporella (Hensonella) dinarica Radoičić in green, and indeterminate orbitolinids in orange.

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Fig. 10 a-g in First Record Of Harlanjohnsonella Annulata Elliott In Granier & Deloffre, 1993, Non 1968, A Triploporellacean Alga In Upper Barremian-Lowermost Bedoulian Strata Of Lebanon

Fig. 10 a-g Harlanjohnsonella annulata Elliott in Granier & Deloffre, 1993, non 1968; a Oblique section, El-Sheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO15; b Oblique section, El-Sheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO11; c Tangential section - ElSheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO11; d Transverse section - El-Sheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO 15. e Axial section - El-Sheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO 15; f Oblique-Trasverse section - El-Sheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO 15; g Oblique section, El-Sheaybeh, Jezzinian, thin-section VO15. h-j Montiella elitzae (Bakalova, 1971); h Longitudinal section - East Ain Dara, Jezzinian, thin section EAD19; i Transverse section - East Ain Dara, Jezzinian, thin-section EAD18; j Tangential section - Maarab, Jezzinian, thin-section MEB45. All scale bars = 0.5 mm, (black bar: a-c and h-j; blue bar: d-g)

Fig. 15 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 15. Simplified versions of strict consensus and topological variants seen in the 24 shortest trees generated in our second analysis, showing alternative hypotheses of relationships among Albanerpeton, Wesserpeton, and the Uña albanerpetontid. A. Strict consensus: unresolved trichotomy among Albanerpeton, Wesserpeton, and Uña albanerpetontid. B. Topological variant 1: Uña albanerpetontid is sister of Wesserpeton + Albanerpeton. C. Topological variant 2: Wesserpeton is sister of Uña albanerpetontid + Albanerpeton. D. Topological variant 3: Albanerpeton is sister of Wesserpeton + Uña albanerpetontid. Each topological variant was found in one−third of the shortest trees. Tree statistics (uninformative characters excluded) are as follows: tree length = 50 steps; CI = 0.683, HI = 0.317, and RI = 0.806.

Fig. 14 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 14. Simplified, strict consensus tree showing hypothesized relationships among the four albanerpetontid genera, constrained against the geological time scale (absolute ages based on Gradstein et al. 2004: fig. 23.1) and reporting apomorphies (see list of characters in the Appendix 1) for each genus and more inclusive clades. Only unequivocal apomorphies (i.e., ones recovered in all eight of the shortest trees, under both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN optimizations) are mapped onto the tree. Autapomorphies are designated by a thick bar and convergences are designated by a thin bar.

Fig. 13 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 13. Strict consensus of eight shortest trees generated in our first analysis, showing hypothesized relationships within Albanerpetontidae, with Wesserpeton placed as the sister of Albanerpeton. Indices of support for clades (see also Table 3) are to the left of each node; upper value is the bootstrap value (%) for 2000 replicates and lower value is the decay index (steps). Tree statistics (uninformative characters excluded) are as follows: tree length = 50 steps; CI = 0.683, HI = 0.317, and RI = 0.797.

Fig. 11 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrographs of a fused articular + angular and of postcranial bones of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov., all from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland. A. NHMUK PV R36607, trunk vertebra lacking the neural arch in dorsal (A1) and oblique posterodorsal (A2) views. B. NHMUK PV R36608, trunk vertebra preserving part of the neural arch, in posterior view. C. NHMUK PV R36534, "axis" (i.e., first post atlantal vertebra) in anterior (C1) and oblique right anterolateral (C2) views. D. NHMUK PV R36609, "axis" in anterior (D1) and oblique right anterolateral (D2) views. E. NHMUK PV R36535, atlas lacking the neural arch and ventrolateral portion of left anterior cotyle in anterior (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. NHMUK PV R36610, left humerus in medial view. G. NHMUK PV R36533, left humerus in ventral view. H. NHMUK PV R36611, acetabular part of a right ilium in lateral view. I. NHMUK PV R36531, fused right articular + angular in lateral (I1) and medial ((I2) views. J. NHMUK PV R36532, left ilium lacking dorsal end of the iliac shaft in lateral (J1), medial (J2), posterior (J3), anterior (J4), and ventral (J5) views.

Fig. 8 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs of substantially complete and fragmentary maxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2). A. NHMUK PV R36528, right maxilla in lingual (A1), labial (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views. B. NHMUK PV R36527, right maxilla in lingual view (B1); enlargement in lingual view (B2), to show a replacement tooth at an advanced stage of development, flanked to the left (anteriorly) by a tooth with large resorption pit and to the right (posteriorly) by a vacant tooth slot; labial view (B3). C. NHMUK PV R36559, left maxilla in lingual (C1) and labial (C2) views. D–H. Fragmentary anterior ends to show differences in morphology and location of the nasal process and other morphological differences discussed in the text. D. NHMUK PV R36560, left maxilla in lingual (D1) and labial (D2) views. E. NHMUK PV R36561, right maxilla in lingual view. F. NHMUK PV R36562, right maxilla in lingual view. G. NHMUK PV R36563, right maxilla in lingual view. H. NHMUK PV R36564, left maxilla in lingual view.

Fig. 7 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of additional premaxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2), to further illustrate intraspecific variations in morphology and size. A. NHMUK PV R36597, left premaxilla in lingual (A1) and labial (A2) views; enlargement of the dorsolingual part of the pars dorsalis in lingual view (A3), to show the V−shaped facet present in this specimen. B. NHMUK PV R36598, left premaxilla in lingual (B1) and labial (B2) views. C. NHMUK PV R36599, large, robust, right premaxilla with mediolaterally wide teeth, lingual view. D. NHMUK PV R36600, left premaxilla in lingual view (D1); oblique dorsolingual view (D2), to show the palatal foramen, other openings on the pars dorsalis and the articular facet on the dorsal surface of the maxillary process for contact with the maxilla; oblique ventrolingual view (D3), to show openings in the pars palatinum and pars dentalis. E. NHMUK PV R36601, right premaxilla in lingual view (E1); enlargement to show the broken pars palatinum in lingual view (E2), revealing the inclined path (indicated by double−headed arrow) of the canal between the dorsal and ventral openings of the palatal foramen in this specimen. F. NHMUK PV R36602, right premaxilla in lingual view to show loci for 10 teeth (7th locus is empty, 9th locus is occupied by a broken tooth base and remaining loci have intact teeth). G. NHMUK PV R36603, left premaxilla in lingual view to show the dorsally expanded lingual rim of the maxillary process in this specimen. H. NHMUK PV R36604, left premaxilla in lingual view (H1), to show foramina in junction of the pars palatinum with the pars dentalis; and labial view (H2), to show deep labial foramina in this specimen. I. NHMUK PV R36605, right premaxilla in lingual (I1) and labial (I2) views. J. NHMUK PV R36606, right premaxilla in lingual (J1) and labial (J2) views.

Fig. 6 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of additional premaxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2), to further illustrate intraspecific variations in morphology and size. A. NHMUK PV R36565, right premaxilla, broken transversely through the pars dorsalis and one of the largest recovered; entire specimen in lingual view (A1); enlargement in lingual view of teeth at positions 4–8 (A), to show deformed teeth at 4th and 5th loci. B. NHMUK PV R36566, right premaxilla in lingual (B) and labial (B) views; en2 1 2 largement (B3) to show the broken pars palatinum in lingual view, revealing the vertical path (indicated by double−headed arrow) of the canal between the dorsal and ventral openings of the palatal foramen in this specimen. C. NHMUK PV R36567, left premaxilla in lingual (C1) and labial (C2) views; oblique ventrolingual view (C3), to show the large ventral opening of the palatal foramen in this specimen. D. NHMUK PV R36568, left premaxilla in lingual (D1) and labial (D2) views. E. NHMUK PV R36569, right premaxilla in lingual (E1) and labial (E2) views. F. NHMUK PV R36595, right premaxilla in lingual view (F1); enlargement in oblique mediodorsal and lingual view (F2), to show subdivision of the suprapalatal pit and the dorsal opening of the palatal foramen. G. NHMUK PV R36596, right premaxilla in lingual (G1) and labial (G2) views, the latter showing the medially expanded flange in this specimen; oblique mediolabial view (G3), to show the deep labial slot in the medial margin of the bone.

Fig. 9 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of two nearly complete dentaries of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2). A. NHMUK PV R36541, substantially complete left dentary missing most of area for attachment of post−dentary bones in lingual (A1), labial (A2), and dorsal (A3) views. B. NHMUK PV R36542, right dentary preserving similar amount of bone, but with pathological anterior portion in lingual (B1) and dorsal (B2) views; enlargement of the anterior end in ventral view (B3), showing bony callous and distortion in region of possible healed fracture and re−modelled symphyseal surface.