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Figure 2 in Rickenella fibuLA (Repetobasidiaceae: Basidiomycota): a tiny species with large distribution also occurs in Brazil

Figure 2. Macroscopic characters of Rickenella fibula. A. Detail of the pileus; B. Detail of the stipe, showing the decurrent lamellae; C. Hymenophore, showing the lamellae and lamellulae.

Figure 1 in Rickenella fibuLA (Repetobasidiaceae: Basidiomycota): a tiny species with large distribution also occurs in Brazil

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of Rickenella based on data set of ITS sequences. Bayesian posterior probability above 0.7 and bootstrap values above 50 % are shown. Sequences generated in this work are in bold.

Figure 5 in Rickenella fibuLA (Repetobasidiaceae: Basidiomycota): a tiny species with large distribution also occurs in Brazil

Figure 5. Rickenella fibula in habitat. A. Two basidiomata in a moss bed of Schizymenium and Polytrichum; B. A basidiome (red arrow) in a ravine full of Polytrichum moss.

Figure 4 in Rickenella fibuLA (Repetobasidiaceae: Basidiomycota): a tiny species with large distribution also occurs in Brazil

Figure 4. Distribution map of Rickenella fibula in South America. Green dots are previous collections and red dots are the specimens studied in this work.

Figure 3 in Rickenella fibuLA (Repetobasidiaceae: Basidiomycota): a tiny species with large distribution also occurs in Brazil

Figure 3. Microscopic characters of Rickenella fibula. A. Pleurocystidia; B. Basidiospores attached to the basidia; C. Basidia.

Fig. 3. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 3. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, AG 16-1430). A. Basidiospores. B. Elements of pileipellis: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. C. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides. D. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges. E. Basidia. Scale bars: A = 2 μm; B–E = 10 μm.

Fig. 5. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 5. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A.Ghosh & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, KD 18-003). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia. C. Hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides. D. Elements of the pileipellis near the pileus centre: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. E. Elements of the pileipellis near the pileus margin: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. Scale bars: A = 5 μm; B–E = 10 μm.

Fig. 2. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 2. Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, AG 16-1430). A–C. Fresh and dissected basidiomata in the field and basecamp. D. Transverse section through pileipellis showing elements. E–H. Transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides and basidia. I. SEM images of basidiospores. Scale bars: D–H = 10 μm; I = 2 μm.

Fig. 1 in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 1. Phylogram generated from rDNA ITS sequences: the evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum likelihood (ML) method in raxmlGUI 2.0. Bootstrap support values (> 70%) obtained from the ML analysis are shown above or below the branches at nodes. Collections of the two novel Indian species described below are shown in bold red font. Secotioid taxa are shown in green font, hypogeous ones are indicated in blue font and blackening species followed by black dots.

Fig. 4. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A in Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya

Fig. 4. Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A.Ghosh & Buyck sp. nov. (from holotype, KD 18-003). A–B. Fresh and dissected basidiomata in the field and basecamp. C–D. Transverse section through pileipellis showing elements. E. Transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides. F. Transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges (indicated with white arrow). G. SEM images of basidiospores. Scale bars: C = 100 μm; D–E = 10 μm; F = 50 μm; G = 2 μm.

Fig. 9. Hydnellum basidiospores. A. H in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 9. Hydnellum basidiospores. A. H. fagiscabrosum (holotype, GB-0195805). B. H. glaucopus (GB-0195722). C. H. illudens (GB-0195937). D. H. lepidum (GB-129373). E. H. nemorosum (O-F-242352). F. H. roseoviolaceum (holotype. GB-0195936). G. H. scabrosellum (holotype, GB-0195689). H. H. scabrosum (GB-0195731). Scale bar = 5 µm.

Fig. 8. A in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 8. A. Hydnellum scabrosellum, young basidiomata from the type locality, GB-0195806. B. H. scabrosellum holotype, mature basidiomata, GB-0195689. C. H. scabrosellum GB-0195791, photo G. Aronsson. D. H. scabrosellum, collecting site for GB-0195791, photo G. Aronsson.

Fig. 6. A. Hydnellum nemorosum K in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 6. A. Hydnellum nemorosum K(M)197481. B. H. nemorosum type locality. C, D. H. nemorosum holotype, K(M)197478.

Fig. 7. A–C in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 7. A–C. Hydnellum roseoviolaceum, holotype, GB-0195936, photos B. Pettersson. D. H. roseoviolaceum type locality, photo B. Pettersson. E. H. fuligineoviolaceum TU106391 (UDB011895), photo V. Liiv. F. H. fuligineoviolaceum GB-0195817.

Fig. 5. A in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 5. A. Hydnellum illudens TU106275 (UDB003274), photo V. Liiv. B. H. illudens GB-0195724. C. H. illudens TU106475 (UDB015699), photo V. Liiv. D. H. illudens GB-0195818. E. Hydnellum scabrosum TU106993 (UDB015662), photo V. Liiv. F. H. scabrosum TU106280 (UDB003279), photo V. Liiv.

Fig. 4. A in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 4. A. Hydnellum fagiscabrosum GB-0195727. B. Collecting site for GB-0195727. C. H. fagiscabrosum holotype, GB-0195805. D. H. fagiscabrosum O-F-251442, photo I.-L. Fonneland. E. H. fagiscabrosum Hyd229, photo A. Lucas F. H. fagiscabrosum GB-0195622, photo J. Olsson. G. Hydnellum lepidum DMS-680077, photo T. Borgen. H. H. lepidum GB-0202073.

Fig. 1 in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 1. Phylogram of Hydnellum. Maximum Likelihood tree based on nuclear ribosomal 5.8S and partial 28S sequences. Numbers on branches represent reliable support values from SH-aLRT test (≥ 80 %), ultrafast bootstrap (≥ 95 %), and Bayesian inference posterior probability values (≥ 0.95), respectively. Species described here are marked in bold face.

Fig. 2 in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 2. Phylogram of Hydnellum section Violacei. Maximum Likelihood tree based on nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Numbers on branches represent reliable support values from SH-aLRT test (≥ 80 %), ultrafast bootstrap (≥ 95 %), and Bayesian inference posterior probability values (≥ 0.95), respectively. Terminal names are the original identification. Sequences from type specimens are marked in bold face. Sequences not generated from basidiomata are marked as env(ironmental).

Fig. 3 in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens

Fig. 3. Phylogram of Hydnellum section Scabrosi. Maximum Likelihood tree based on nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Numbers on branches represent reliable support values from SH-aLRT test (≥ 80 %), ultrafast bootstrap (≥ 95 %), and Bayesian inference posterior probability values (≥ 0.95), respectively. Terminal names are the original identification. Sequences from type specimens are marked in bold face. Sequences not generated from basidiomata are marked as env(ironmental).