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163 results for “Bay Study”
Interagency Ecological Program: San Francisco Bay Study Survey for Fish and Mobile Crustaceans 1980-2024
The San Francisco Bay Study (Bay Study) was established in 1980 to determine the effects of freshwater outflow on the abundance and distribution of fish and mobile crustaceans (brachyuran crabs and caridean shrimp) in the San Francisco Estuary, mainly downstream of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The Bay Study survey currently samples 52 open-water stations monthly from a research vessel with two types of trawl gear: a midwater trawl to sample pelagic fishes, and an otter trawl to sample demersal fishes, crabs, and shrimp. Historically, the study also included plankton sampling (1980-1989) for larval fish and crustaceans. Fish collected by the otter and midwater trawl are identified to species, counted, and a representative subsample is measured. In addition, crabs from the otter trawl are identified, counted, sexed, and measured, and gelatinous zooplankton from the midwater trawl are identified and counted. Shrimp are retained from each otter trawl sample and returned to the laboratory for processing, which includes identification, counts, sex, and length. Additional data collected at each station includes water depth, Secchi, and a water column profile of temperature and conductivity. This data publication includes fish, crab, shrimp, gelatinous zooplankton (jellies), and water quality data. Metadata related to the plankton sampling will be included in the future when this data is published.
South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project – Phase-1 (2014-2017) Fish Sampling for Mercury Studies.
The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, the largest wetland restoration project in the western United States, is conducting an adaptive management experiment to restore tidal flows to the tidally muted pond A8 complex. The A8 pond complex is a series of interconnected ponds (A8, A7, and A5) located at the interface of the Guadalupe River with Alviso Marsh in Lower South San Francisco Bay that has had a legacy of mercury contamination from cinnabar open-pit mining in the Guadalupe River watershed. As a result, restoration of salt pond habitats in the Alviso Marsh has taken an adaptive management approach whereby fish populations, water and sediment were monitored for mercury contamination before and after restoration actions and data was used to inform further restoration actions in the A8 complex. In this study, UC Davis conducted fish sampling to collect 2-sentinel species, the Three-spine Stickleback and Mississippi Silverside to assess whole-body mercury concentrations. Fish were collected seasonally (4-5 surveys-year) from spring 2014 through winter 2017 at two slough locations exchanging water with the A8 complex, one in upper Alviso Slough (ALSL-2) at the Alviso Municipal Marina boat launch and on in lower Alviso Slough (ALSL-3) near the pond A7 water control structure, and in two reference sloughs, Artesian/Mallard Slough just downstream from the San Jose-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility outfall and Guadalupe Slough at the confluence with the Sunnyvale Wastewater Treatment Plant. Fish sampling consisted of beach seine, minnow trap and fyke netting with various levels of effort to capture the requisite number and size of sentinel fishes. Therefore, much of the sampling efforts were not conducted in a manor conducive of making fish abundance or species assemblage comparisons amongst the sampling locations. In addition to the slough sampling, we sampled for fish in tidal muted ponds A8, A7, A5, A3N, A3W and A16 from spring 2014 through winter of 201
Fig. 2 in Morphological And Molecular Studies Of The Rapa Whelk, Rapana Venosa (Neogastropoda, Muricidae) From Odesa Bay
Fig. 2. Morphospace defined by the two first principal components (PC's) of shape variance using landmark data. Shape changes associated with scores of each PC axis are shown as warped surface on a transformation grid (see text for details).
Рис. 2. Распредение биомассы Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis на литорали дальневоcточных морей России. Здесь и далее на гистограммах по оси абцисс после географических пунктов в скобках укаЗана выборка (число иЗученных проб), по оси ординат – максимальные ЗначениЯ биомассы вида. Под Значением биомассы 0.1 г/м² подраЗумеваютсЯ качественные пробы. СокраЩениЯ (бмп) и (топ) оЗначают соответственно беринговоморское и тихоокеанское побережьЯ Восточной Камчатки. Побережье Зал. Петра Великого от устьЯ р. Туманной к северу до м. Поворотного условно отноcитсЯ к южному Приморью; побережье к северу от м. Поворотного (пос. Преображение, б. СоколовскаЯ) до б. Ольга, включительно, условно относитсЯ к среднему Приморью; побережье к северу от б. Ольга до м. Белкина и материковое побережье Татарского пролива относим к северному Приморью. Fig. 2. The distribution of biomass of Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Here and throughout on histograms, on the abcissa is the number of studied samples (numbers in parentheses following the names geographic localities), on the ordinate is the maximum biomass of species. The number 0.1 g wet wt m-2 means the qualitative samples. Abbreviations (bmp) and (top) mean the Bering Sea coast and the Pacific coast of eastern Kamchatka. The coast of Peter the Great Bay from the mouth of the Tumannaya River to Cape Povorotny is conditionally referred to as southern Primorye; the area north of Cape Povorotny (Preobrazhenie Settlement, Sokolovskaya Bay) to Olga Bay inclusive is conditionally referred to as middle Primorye; north of Olga Bay to Cape Belkin and the mainland coast of the Tatar Strait to as northern Primorye. in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Рис. 2. Распредение биомассы Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis на литорали дальневоcточных морей России. Здесь и далее на гистограммах по оси абцисс после географических пунктов в скобках укаЗана выборка (число иЗученных проб), по оси ординат – максимальные ЗначениЯ биомассы вида. Под Значением биомассы 0.1 г/м² подраЗумеваютсЯ качественные пробы. СокраЩениЯ (бмп) и (топ) оЗначают соответственно беринговоморское и тихоокеанское побережьЯ Восточной Камчатки. Побережье Зал. Петра Великого от устьЯ р. Туманной к северу до м. Поворотного условно отноcитсЯ к южному Приморью; побережье к северу от м. Поворотного (пос. Преображение, б. СоколовскаЯ) до б. Ольга, включительно, условно относитсЯ к среднему Приморью; побережье к северу от б. Ольга до м. Белкина и материковое побережье Татарского пролива относим к северному Приморью. Fig. 2. The distribution of biomass of Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Here and throughout on histograms, on the abcissa is the number of studied samples (numbers in parentheses following the names geographic localities), on the ordinate is the maximum biomass of species. The number 0.1 g wet wt m-2 means the qualitative samples. Abbreviations (bmp) and (top) mean the Bering Sea coast and the Pacific coast of eastern Kamchatka. The coast of Peter the Great Bay from the mouth of the Tumannaya River to Cape Povorotny is conditionally referred to as southern Primorye; the area north of Cape Povorotny (Preobrazhenie Settlement, Sokolovskaya Bay) to Olga Bay inclusive is conditionally referred to as middle Primorye; north of Olga Bay to Cape Belkin and the mainland coast of the Tatar Strait to as northern Primorye.
Рис. 7. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) со следами периостракума на иЗученном участке. Fig. 7. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with traces of periostracum (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied. in Shell destruction of the bivalve mollusk Glycymeris yessoensis on a beach in Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan)
Рис. 7. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) со следами периостракума на иЗученном участке. Fig. 7. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with traces of periostracum (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied.
Рис. 6. Скорость роста мидий-сеголетков (мм/сутки) подвесного выраЩиваниЯ в б. Миноносок в 1975–1996 гг.: I – За времЯ от оседаниЯ до конца августа – начала сентЯбрЯ, II – За времЯ с начала сентЯбрЯ до середины октЯбрЯ, III – За времЯ с середины октЯбрЯ до конца ноЯбрЯ – начала декабрЯ, IV – За весь летне-осенний период. in Study on the growth rates of mollusks in hanging culture in Possjet Bay (Sea of Japan)
Рис. 6. Скорость роста мидий-сеголетков (мм/сутки) подвесного выраЩиваниЯ в б. Миноносок в 1975–1996 гг.: I – За времЯ от оседаниЯ до конца августа – начала сентЯбрЯ, II – За времЯ с начала сентЯбрЯ до середины октЯбрЯ, III – За времЯ с середины октЯбрЯ до конца ноЯбрЯ – начала декабрЯ, IV – За весь летне-осенний период.
Рис. 4. Скорость роста устриц-сеголетков (мм/сутки) в подвесного выраЩиваниЯ в б. Новгородской в 1975–1989 гг.: I – За времЯ от оседаниЯ до конца августа – начала сентЯбрЯ, II – За времЯ с начала сентЯбрЯ до середины октЯбрЯ, III – За времЯ с середины октЯбрЯ до конца ноЯбрЯ – начала декабрЯ, IV – За весь летне-осенний период. in Study on the growth rates of mollusks in hanging culture in Possjet Bay (Sea of Japan)
Рис. 4. Скорость роста устриц-сеголетков (мм/сутки) в подвесного выраЩиваниЯ в б. Новгородской в 1975–1989 гг.: I – За времЯ от оседаниЯ до конца августа – начала сентЯбрЯ, II – За времЯ с начала сентЯбрЯ до середины октЯбрЯ, III – За времЯ с середины октЯбрЯ до конца ноЯбрЯ – начала декабрЯ, IV – За весь летне-осенний период.
Fig. 3 in Study on the growth rates of mollusks in hanging culture in Possjet Bay (Sea of Japan)
Fig. 3. Growth of young of the under-yearling oysters in hanging culture in Novgorodskaya Bay (Possjet Bay) during 1975–1989.
Fig. 2 in Study on the growth rates of mollusks in hanging culture in Possjet Bay (Sea of Japan)
Fig. 2. Growth rate of the under-yearling scallops (mm/day) of hanging cultivation in Minonosok Bay during 1970–2011: I – the period from settlement to the end of August – early September, II – the period from early September to mid-October, III – the period from mid-October to the end of November – early December, IV – the entire summer-autumn period.
Рис. 6. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) с механическими повреЖдениЯми на иЗученном участке. Fig. 6. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with mechanical damage (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied. in Shell destruction of the bivalve mollusk Glycymeris yessoensis on a beach in Possjet Bay (the Sea of Japan)
Рис. 6. Удельный вес ЭкЗемплЯров глицимериса (%, от обЩего числа раковин и створок) с механическими повреЖдениЯми на иЗученном участке. Fig. 6. Proportions of the Glycymeris yessoensis specimens with mechanical damage (of the total number of shells and valves) on the beach studied.
Fig. 1 in Study on the growth rates of mollusks in hanging culture in Possjet Bay (Sea of Japan)
Fig. 1. Growth of the under-yearling scallops in hanging culture in Minonosok Bay (Possjet Bay) during 1970–2011.
FIGURE 7 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 7. Feeding strategies and progressive growth of the Dotilla pellet structures. Note four types of feeding modes: sector (of a circle) feeding mode covering growth (top to bottom) of the pellet structures arranged in four columns (1-4) corresponding to four different types of pellet designs (homogeneous pellet spread, radial, concentric and concentric-radial); radially diverging feeding mode covering growth (top to bottom) of the radial and asteroid pellet designs (column 5); concentric feeding mode covering growth (top to bottom) of the concentric pellet designs (column 6) and combined concentric-radial feeding mode covering growth (top to bottom) of the concentric-radial pellet design (column 7). Note development of different designs under sector (of a circle) feeding mode within feeding sectors having similar shape and size (column 1- 4 top structures). Also note a pellet design may originate in different feeding modes, but with subtle differences. The lower half of the figure incorporates schematic representation of the growth stages (I - Initial, M - Middle, F - Final from top to bottom) of all the above pellet designs with time and progressive feeding activity under different feeding modes (columns 1-7 are extended from upper to lower half of the figure to maintain analogy). Also note for each schematic structure (not to scale) presented, there is a physical (natural) analogue recorded from the field. Also visualize the growth of structural complexities, acquisition of described barrier elements and SI index along each column from top to bottom in both the natural and schematic presentations.
FIGURE 8. A in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 8. A: Ex situ preservation (aided by wind action) of Dotilla pellets as pellet-filled burrow tubes in the supratidal flat during low tide situation. B: Ex situ preservation of Dotilla pellets (aided by wind action) in ripple troughs during low tide situation. C: Schematic profile section of the studied beach showing positions of the Dotilla pellet spread and burrow zone, spread of Ocypode burrows, mutual dispositions of different geomorphic units (dune, supratidal, upper - middle intertidal flats) relative to land - sea positions and High and Low Tide Levels (HTL and LTL). Note gradual spreading of the Dotilla pellet and burrow zone towards sea with gradual lowering of substrate water levels (WLs) during tidal recession of sea. D-E: Possible stratigraphic development of the coastal sedimentary units (1-3) and contained burrow zones and other associated features in transgressive (E) and regressive (D) situations. Note the possible position of preserved Dotilla pellets and burrows between Unit 1 and 2 under transgressiveregressive sea conditions. Features are schematic and not to scale.
FIGURE 4 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 4. Concentric - radial pellet design (Figures 3 A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, S, U and W) produced by the crab Dotilla in the upper intertidal flat of the Bakkhali beach, Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India. Figures 3 B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, T, V and Xl represent the corresponding line tracings made for measurement of Attack Index (AI) and Safety Index (SI). Figures Q and W represent conjugate concentric - radial structures made by several individuals and possesses shared concentric rows of pellets (Scrp) and very high Combined Safety index (CSI) of 97.23% and 98.33% respectively. Note the majority of the structures are made by young and adults and rarely by juveniles (example Figure 4 E, G). Also note that pellet design at the earlier stage of development has lower safety index (SI) than those in the advanced or final stage of development (SI 70.57% for Figure C vs. 100% for Figure 4 O and S). Note that structures with closed burrow opening have SI value 100% (Figure 4 G and M). Compare size of the feeding territories between A, M, O (larger for the adults) vs E (smaller for the juvenile). Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 6 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 6. Other pellet structures produced by the crab Dotilla on the upper intertidal flat of the Bakkhali beach, Bay of Bengal coast of Eastern India. (A) Petaloid pellet design produced by petal shaped radial rows of pellets and conjugate petals formed around burrow opening. (B) The line tracing corresponding to A shows SI value 100% as the burrow mouth is closed. (C) Leaf-shaped pellet design and (D) its corresponding line tracing shows very poor SI value (13.89%). (E) Asteroid pellet design contains several radiating runways that are well enclosed within the pellet spread areas and (F) its corresponding line tracing shows 100% SI value. (G, J and K) Different stages of formation of pellet mat design in pellet – microzone 1 wherein entire surface is covered by dense population of pellets leaving no space for the predators to sneak into burrow opening (SI = 100%). Note high population density and small size of the pellet designs. (H) Mossy pellet design formed by the crab community. Several burrow openings and corresponding runways are partially to fully covered by pellet spread zones. (I) Line tracing shows variable SI values of the individual structures (marked here by red, yellow and green circles having SI values <70%, 70% - 90% and> 90% respectively) averaged at 85% for the community structure. Arrows indicate possible entry routes of predators into the burrows. (L and M) Concentric radial and concentric pellet structures formed on rippled surface. (N) At times, pellets are formed selectively along the ripple troughs. (O) Beach profile showing extends of lower, middle and upper intertidal flats, besides mudground, supratidal flat and coastal dunes. Note smaller size of the structures (G, H, J, K) due to increased population density and predation pressure.
FIGURE 2 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 2. Radial pellet structures (A, C, E, G, I and K) produced by the crab Dotilla in the upper intertidal beach of Bakkhali, Eastern India. Corresponding line tracings (B, D, F, H, J and L) are made to calculate Safety Index (SI) and Attack Index (AI). Structures represented by figures I and K suggest early stage of development of radial pellet design and possess lower Safety Index (SI = 61.53% and 46.41%, respectively) compared to other structures (A, C, E and G) that represent later stage of development of radial design and possess very high Safety Index (SI ranging from 100% to 94.74%). Figure GLeft represents a juvenile structure and the rest are produced by young and adult Dotilla. Note larger size of feeding areas made by adults (A, E, K) compared to that of juvenile (GLeft). A represents a more advanced feeding stage (over larger area) than I (over smaller area). Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 1. Different ichnozones and geomorphic features developed in the Bakkhali (21° 33' 50" N and 88° 15' 49" E) beach of the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India (re-mapped in 2015 by the author and modified after De, 2019, 2000). Note field photographs of the pellet making bubbler crabs Dotilla spp. and their burrow casts.
FIGURE 5 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 5. Plan outlays for the radial, concentric and concentric-radial pellet designs produced by the bubbler crab Dotilla have been drawn from the corresponding line tracings (as referenced in each case) to highlight how structural elements are constructed to enhance burrow protection. For radial designs dense radial rows of pellets (Rrp), curved rings of pellets (Crp), pellet walls (Pw) and turned around pellet rows (Rta) are increasingly added to the structure to increase the Safety Index (SI) by closing or cutting off the probable routes of entry of the predators into the burrow openings. Note plan outlays A to D depicting gradual increase in SI values from 46.41% to 100%. Plan outlays (F. H, J, L, N and P) corresponding to the concentric pellet designs show that addition of concentrically oriented curved rings of pellets (Crp) and formation of clockwise and anticlockwise closures of the pellet rings (Cpr marked by red lines) are two basic measures taken by the crabs to enhance SI (compare the plan outlays from E to J where SI values have improved from 68.39% to 98.06%). Note that for concentric-radial designs, as displayed by the plan outlays (R, T, V and X), all the above measures, besides formation of outgoing radial pellet rows from curved rings of pellets (Crp) that act as innumerable barriers for the predators to sneak through spaces between curved rings of pellets, are taken to improve SI values (compare 70.57% for Q to 100% for W).
FIGURE 3 in Ethological interpretation of making the pellet designs by the bubbler crab Dotilla on the modern intertidal beaches: A study from the Bay of Bengal coast, Eastern India
FIGURE 3. Concentric pellet design (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, S, U and W) produced by the crab Dotilla in the upper intertidal flat of the Bakkhali beach, Bay of Bengal, Eastern India. Figures B, D, F, H. J. L, N P, R, T, V and X represent the corresponding line tracings drawn for measurement of Attack Index (AI) and Safety Index (SI). Note formation of both clockwise and anticlockwise closures of pellet rings (Cpr), pellet walls (Pw), surface foraged (Sf), open and closed burrow openings (Obo and Cbo respectively) and curved rings of pellets (Crp). Figures L, R Left and Middle, VTop and Q correspond to concentric designs at early to middle stages of formation and possess relatively lower SI values (67.39%, 88.34%, 87.23%, 72.51% and 84.73% respectively) than the other nearly fully developed structures (SI varying between 98.06% for d to 91.04% for j). Compare size of the feeding territory between Figure I (larger for the adult) and U (smaller for the juvenile). Note SI attains 100% value for pellet designs having closed burrow opening (Cbo). Arrow heads in line tracing Figures point to possible entry routes of predators or enemies of Dotilla. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Figure 5 in Study of ecosystem of the Sukhum Bay with emphasis anthropogenic impact, Abkhazian Black Sea coast
Figure 5. Numerical density of ichthyoplankton in vertical catches, ind./m2 (a) and horizontal catches, ind./100 m3 (b):: 1 – goatfish, 2 – horse mackerel, 3 – annular sea bream, 4 –anchovy, 5 – corb
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