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40 results for “Bee behaviour”
Synergistic negative effects between a fungicide and high temperatures on homing behaviours in honey bees
<p>Interactions between environmental stressors may contribute to ongoing pollinator declines, but have not been extensively studied. Here, we examined the interaction between the agricultural fungicide Pristine<sup>®</sup> (active ingredients: 25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) and high temperatures on critical honey bee behaviours. We have previously shown that consumption of field-realistic levels of this fungicide shortens worker lifespan in the field and impairs associative learning performance in a laboratory-based assay. We hypothesized that Pristine<sup>®</sup> would also impair homing and foraging behaviours in the field, and that an interaction with hot weather would exacerbate this effect. Both field-relevant Pristine<sup>®</sup> exposure and higher air temperatures reduced the probability of successful return on their own. Together, the two factors synergistically reduced the probability of return and increased the time required for bees to return to the hive. Pristine<sup>®</sup> did not affect the masses of pollen or volumes of nectar or water brought back to the hive by foragers, and it did not affect the ratio of forager types in a colony. However, Pristine<sup>®</sup>-fed bees brought more concentrated nectar back to the hive. As both agrochemical usage and heat waves increase, additive and synergistic negative effects may pose major threats to pollinators and sustainable agriculture. </p>
T A B L E 1 in Fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) crops is enhanced by the behaviour of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
T A B L E 1 Relationship of management type (conventional and agroecological) on the diversity of floral visitors (abundance and Chao-1) and the most abundant floral visitors. Values in bold are those that were found to be statistically significant.
F I G U R E 1 in Fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) crops is enhanced by the behaviour of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
F I G U R E 1 Location of all study sites. The map shows location of the study sites in the central and south-western regions of Guatemala, where pollination experiments and pollinator observations were performed. Blue crosses represent conventional sites, and lilac crosses represent agroecological sites.
F I G U R E 3 in Fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) crops is enhanced by the behaviour of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
F I G U R E 3 Relationship between the weight of fruits and (a) the percentage of Apis mellifera that carried pollen (PolTran) on their legs/bodies. Relationship between fruit set and (b) nectary, the percentage of P. bilineata observed touching the nectary of the coffee flowers, and (c) the average number of flowers visited by P. bilineata. Lilac colour is used for agroecological sites 'a', and blue is used for conventional sites 'c'. Shaded lines indicate 95% confidence interval.
F I G U R E 2 in Fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) crops is enhanced by the behaviour of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
F I G U R E 2 Distribution under conventional (blue) and agroecological (lilac) management of (a) abundance of floral visitors, (b) abundance of A. mellifera and (c) abundance of P. bilineata. The differences between variables considering management were analysed with paired -F-test. *p <0.05.
Toxic temperatures: Bee behaviours exhibit divergent pesticide toxicity relationships with warming
<p>Climate change and agricultural intensification are exposing insect pollinators to temperature extremes and increasing pesticide usage. Yet, we lack good quantification of how temperature modulates the sublethal effects of pesticides on behaviours vital for fitness and pollination performance. Consequently, we are uncertain if warming decreases or increases the severity of different pesticide impacts, and whether separate behaviours vary in the direction of response. Quantifying these interactive effects is vital in forecasting pesticide risk across climate regions and informing pesticide application strategies and pollinator conservation. This multi-stressor study investigated the responses of six functional behaviours of bumblebees when exposed to either a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) or a sulfoximine (sulfoxaflor) across a standardised low, mid, and high temperature. We found the neonicotinoid had a significant effect on five of the six behaviours, with a greater effect at the lower temperature(s) when measuring responsiveness, the likelihood of movement, walking rate, and food consumption rate. In contrast, the neonicotinoid had a greater impact on flight distance at the higher temperature. Our findings show that different organismal functions can exhibit divergent thermal responses, with some pesticide-affected behaviours showing greater impact as temperatures dropped, and others as temperatures rose. We must therefore account for environmental context when determining pesticide risk. Moreover, we found evidence of synergistic effects, with just a 3°C increase causing a sudden drop in flight performance, despite seeing no effect of pesticide at the two lower temperatures. Our findings highlight the importance of multi-stressor studies to quantify threats to insects, which will help to improve dynamic evaluations of population tipping points and spatiotemporal risks to biodiversity across climate regions.</p>
Toxic temperatures: Bee behaviours exhibit divergent pesticide toxicity relationships with warming
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Synergistic negative effects between a fungicide and high temperatures on homing behaviours in honey bees
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Nutritional stress exacerbates impact of a novel insecticide on solitary bees' behaviour, reproduction and survival
<p>Pesticide exposure<span> and food stress are major threats to bees, but their potential synergistic impacts under field-realistic conditions remain poorly understood and are not considered in current pesticide risk assessments. We conducted a semi-field experiment to examine the single and interactive effects of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone (FPF) and nutritional stress on fitness proxies in the solitary bee <em>Osmia bicornis</em>. Individually marked bees were released into flight cages with monocultures of either buckwheat, wild mustard or purple tansy, which were assigned to an insecticide treatment (FPF or control) in a crossed design. Nutritional stress, which was high in bees foraging on buckwheat, intermediate on wild mustard and low on purple tansy, modulated the impact of insecticide exposure. Within the first day after application of FPF, mortality of bees feeding on buckwheat was 29 times higher compared to control treatments, while mortality of FPF exposed and control bees was similar in the other two plant species. Moreover, we found negative synergistic impacts of FPF and nutritional stress on offspring production, flight activity, flight duration, and flower visitation frequency. These results reveal that environmental policies and risk assessment schemes that ignore interactions among anthropogenic stressors will fail to adequately protect bees and the pollination services they provide.</span></p>
Single and combined exposure to ‘bee safe’ pesticides alter behaviour and offspring production in a ground-nesting solitary bee (Xenoglossa pruinosa)
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Nutritional stress exacerbates impact of a novel insecticide on solitary bees’ behaviour, reproduction and survival
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Video recordings of strepsipterans-parasitized and non-strepsipteran-parasitized bees flower-visiting behaviour
<p>Data consists mostly of strepsipterans-parasitized and non-strepsipteran-parasitized bees flower-visiting behaviour on <i>Hydrangea serrata</i> inflorescences. We analysed the recorded video by comparing time spent on an inflorescence between parasitized and unparasitized bees, <i>Lasioglossum apristum</i> and by comparing each bee's behaviour on the flower. We defined four flower-visiting behavioural units: (1) walking on flowers, (2) touching antennae and mouth to the flower, (3) collecting pollen, and (4) bending the abdomen downward and pressing the dorsal abdomen against the flower. We also observed whether the mouth of the bee touched a pistil or its base, where nectar might be found. Among these four behavioural units, unit 1 is incompatible with the other behavioural units, whereas units 2 and 3 and units 2 and 4 are compatible pairs and often occurred simultaneously. Units 3 and 4 never occur in the same bee. The behavioural repertoires of parasitized and unparasitized bees and the time spent on each behavioural unit were determined from video frames.<b><i> </i></b>We measured<b> </b>the cumulative time spent on each behavioural unit by each flower-visiting bee and then compared how parasitized and unparasitized bees allocated their flower-visiting time to the behaviour units.</p>
FIGURE 8 in A new species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Osminiini) from Peninsular Malaysia, exhibiting bee-like morphology and behaviour
FIGURE 8. Puddling behaviour on quartz. Males of different species of Lepidoptera are often observed feeding on mud, sand or organic matter in order to obtain sodium and proteins, which probably increase reproductive success. The discovered species was found licking quartz cobbles on a river bank.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Osminiini) from Peninsular Malaysia, exhibiting bee-like morphology and behaviour
FIGURE 7. Habitat of Heterosphecia pahangensis: rocky river bank surrounded by a lowland dipterocarp forest.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Osminiini) from Peninsular Malaysia, exhibiting bee-like morphology and behaviour
FIGURE 6. DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of two Heterosphecia pahangensis individuals and the corresponding amino acid sequences. Differences are emboldened. Note the serine – glycine substitution. GenBank submission numbers: (A) KM453982 (B) KM453983.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Osminiini) from Peninsular Malaysia, exhibiting bee-like morphology and behaviour
FIGURE 1. Heterosphecia pahangensis in its typical resting position. Evident mimicry characteristics include: narrow, transparent wings, strongly tufted hind tibia, bright bands on the abdomen, clavate antenna.
Exploitative competition for floral resources reduces sugar intake but differently impacts the foraging behaviour of two non-bee flower visitors
<p>Identifying which behavioural strategies maximize individual fitness is a key objective in ecology. Organisms are known to adapt their foraging behaviour to their environment in response to abiotic and biotic constraints, such as the distribution of resources or the presence of competitors. For instance, bees are known to avoid recently visited flowers and thus focus their foraging on more rewarding patches. Whether other flower-visiting insects adapt their foraging behaviour in response to exploitative competition for floral resources remains unknown. Here, we asked if a predatory hoverfly (<em>Episyrphus balteatus</em>) and a parasitoid (<em>Aphidius colemani</em>) 1) are physiologically impacted by flower resource limitation following exploitation of flowers by a competitor (either the bumblebee <em>Bombus terrestris</em> or <em>E. balteatus</em>); 2) have the ability to discriminate flowers that were previously exploited by a competitor; and 3) modify their foraging behaviour accordingly. <em>Episyrphus balteatus </em>and <em>A. colemani</em> individuals foraging on previously exploited flowers were found to be less concentrated in sugar compounds, especially in fructose and glucose, suggesting that previously exploited flowers contained less available sugars. Nevertheless, individuals did not avoid previously exploited patches in the choice experiment. On the contrary, <em>E. balteatus </em>females preferentially landed on inflorescences that had previously been exploited by conspecifics (but not by <em>B. terrestris</em>), while <em>A. colemani </em>did not show preferences between inflorescences. However, female hoverflies spent more time feeding on unexploited patches, suggesting that exploited patches were resource limited. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the use of social cues among <em>E. balteatus </em>individuals in food foraging strategies. It also shows that even insects with tiny nectar requirements, such as parasitoids, can suffer from heavy exploitative competition. Such results may have applied consequences for the understanding of natural enemy conservation, in particular in agroecosystems where competition with honeybees may be important.</p>
Figure 3 in Nesting biology and behavioural ecology of the solitary bee Monoeca haemorrhoidalis (Smith) and its cleptoparasite Protosiris gigas Melo (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tapinotaspidini; Osirini)
Figure 3. Percentage of pollen grains found in samples collected from females and males of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis.
Figure 2 in Nesting biology and behavioural ecology of the solitary bee Monoeca haemorrhoidalis (Smith) and its cleptoparasite Protosiris gigas Melo (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tapinotaspidini; Osirini)
Figure 2. (A) Female Monoeca haemorrhoidalis building a tumulus around the nest entrance; (B) female entering its nest with a mixture of pollen and oil on its scopae; (C) a "nesting female" inside its nest and an "invader female" in the surroundings; (D) an "invader female" entering the nest after the "nesting female" left; (E) a female with exuvial remains entering a nest when the "nesting female" was away; (F) males trying to copulate with a newly emerged female; (G) a cluster of males trying to copulate with a female; (H) M. haemorrhoidalis copulation; (I) a copulation attempt between a M. haemorrhoidalis male and a Protosiris gigas male; (J) a female M. haemorrhoidalis on flowers of Niedenzuella acutifolia; (K) a female with a pollinarium of Grandiphyllum divaricatum on its front; (L) a male M. haemorrhoidalis on flowers of Coccocypselum condalia.
Figure 4 in Nesting biology and behavioural ecology of the solitary bee Monoeca haemorrhoidalis (Smith) and its cleptoparasite Protosiris gigas Melo (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tapinotaspidini; Osirini)
Figure 4. (A) Female Heterostylum maculipennis hovering over a nest of M. haemorrhoidalis; (B) an individual of Tetraolytta gerardi eating pollen on flowers of Niedenzuella acutifolia; (C) an individual of Pyrogaster moestus preying on a male Monoeca haemorrhoidalis; (D) a female Pseudomethoca melanocephala excavating a closed nest of M. haemorrhoidalis; (E) Protosiris gigas copulation; (F) a female P. gigas leaving a nest after parasitizing it; (G) a female P. gigas removing earth pellets from a nest entrance; (H) a specimen P. gigas visiting flowers of Coccocypselum condalia; (I) a female P. gigas perching on leaves of Coccocypselum condalia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.