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20 results for “Benthic ecosystems”
Benthic algae and sessile invertebrate survey data from LTER and other reef ecosystems
Understanding factors that influence ecological stability is a key question in ecology. Population ecology has highlighted that synchrony within a species across locations is an important indicator of species stability. Community ecology, in contrast, has highlighted that asynchrony between species within a location may enhance the stability of aggregate properties (such as total productivity). We compiled LTER and other data across 20 metacommunities in grassland and coastal marine biomes to integrate population and community approaches to synchrony to understand drivers of ecosystem stability at different scales. All datasets feature long-term (10-34 years) measurements of the primary producer community across multiple (6-49) discrete plots, with taxonomic identifications to species in most or all cases. This data package contains data from coastal marine sites: Santa Barbara Coastal LTER; Moorea Coral Reef; US Virgin Islands; Maui, Hawaii; and the Florida Keys.
Data from: Nineteenth-century collapse of a benthic marine ecosystem on the open continental shelf
The soft-sediment seafloor of the open continental shelf is among the least-known biomes on Earth, despite its high diversity and importance to fisheries and biogeochemical cycling. Abundant dead shells of epifaunal suspension-feeding terebratulid brachiopods (Laqueus) and scallops on the now-muddy mainland continental shelf of southern California reveal the recent, previously unsuspected extirpation of an extensive offshore shell-gravel ecosystem, evidently driven by anthropogenic siltation. Living populations of attached epifauna, which formerly existed in a middle- and outer-shelf mosaic with patches of trophically diverse muds, are restricted today to rocky seafloor along the shelf edge and to the sandier shelves of offshore islands. Geological age-dating of 190 dead brachiopod shells shows that (i) no shells have been produced on the mainland shelf within the last 100 years, (ii) their shell production declined steeply during the nineteenth century, and (iii) they had formerly been present continuously for at least 4 kyr. This loss, sufficiently rapid (less than or equal to 100 years) and thorough to represent an ecosystem collapse, coincides with intensification of alluvial-plain land use in the nineteenth century, particularly livestock grazing. Extirpation was complete by the start of twentieth-century urbanization, warming, bottom fishing and scientific surveys. The loss of this filter-feeding fauna and the new spatial homogeneity and dominance of deposit- and detritus-feeders would have altered ecosystem functioning by reducing habitat heterogeneity and seawater filtering. This discovery, attesting to the power of this geological approach to recent ecological transitions, also strongly increases the spatial scope attributable to the negative effects of siltation, and suggests that it has been under-recognized on continental shelves elsewhere as a legacy of coastal land use.
Literature information on benthic mesophotic ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea
<p>Literature records on benthic mesophotic ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea reporting the reference, the subject of the study, location. Depth of occurrence of mesophotic ecosystems obtained from EmodNET bathymetry (https://www.emodnet-bathymetry.eu) is also included.</p>
Data from: Ocean deoxygenation caused non-linear responses in the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems
<p><span>The O<sub>2 </sub>content of the global ocean has been declining progressively over the past decades, mainly because of human activities and global warming. Nevertheless, how long-term deoxygenation affects macrobenthic communities, sediment biogeochemistry and their mutual feedback remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the response of the benthic assemblages and biogeochemical functioning to decreasing O<sub>2 </sub>concentrations along the persistent bottom-water dissolved O<sub>2</sub> gradient of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (QC, Canada). We report several of non-linear biodiversity and functional responses to decreasing O<sub>2</sub> concentrations, and identify an O<sub>2</sub> threshold that occurs at approximately at 63 µM. Below this threshold, macrobenthic community assemblages change, and bioturbation rates drastically decrease to near zero. Consequently, the sequence of electron acceptors used to metabolize the sedimentary organic matter is squeezed towards the sediment surface while reduced compounds accumulate closer (as much as 0.5 to 2.5 cm depending on the compound) to the sediment-water interface. Our results illustrate the capacity of bioturbating species to compensate for the biogeochemical consequences of hypoxia and can help to predict future changes in benthic ecosystems.</span></p>
Data from: Comparisons of Late Ordovician ecosystem dynamics before and after the Richmondian Invasion reveal consequences of invasive species in benthic marine paleocommunities
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Data from: Nineteenth-century collapse of a benthic marine ecosystem on the open continental shelf
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Data from: Ocean deoxygenation caused non-linear responses in the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems
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Data from: Breaking out of the comfort zone: El Niño-Southern Oscillation as a driver of trophic flows in a benthic consumer of the Humboldt Current ecosystem
The trophic flow of a species is considered a characteristic trait reflecting its trophic position and function in the ecosystem and its interaction with the environment. However, climate patterns are changing and we ignore how patterns of trophic flow are being affected. In the Humboldt Current ecosystem, arguably one of the most productive marine systems, El Niño-Southern Oscillation is the main source of interannual and longer-term variability. To assess the effect of this variability on trophic flow we built a 16-year series of mass-specific somatic production rate (P/B) of the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), a species belonging to a former tropical fauna that thrived in this cold ecosystem. A strong increase of the P/B ratio of this species was observed during nutrient-poor, warmer water conditions typical of El Niño, owing to the massive recruitment of fast-growing juvenile scallops. Trophic ecology theory predicts that when primary production is nutrient limited, the trophic flow of organisms occupying low trophic levels should be constrained (bottom-up control). For former tropical fauna thriving in cold, productive upwelling coastal zones, a short time of low food conditions but warm waters during El Niño could be sufficient to waken their ancestral biological features and display massive proliferations.
Density-dependent effects of parasitism on the activity of a benthic engineer species: potential impact on ecosystem functioning
<p>While parasitism is a common lifestyle on Earth, its importance for the functioning of marine ecosystems has been overlooked for a long time. In particular, parasites have significant potential to influence central ecological processes through their impacts on hosts that serve as ecosystem engineers. Using an ex-situ experimental approach, we explored the effects of trematode parasites on the engineering bioturbation activity of a common and abundant bivalve along European Atlantic soft-bottom coastlines, the peppery furrow shell <em>Scrobicularia</em> <em>plana</em>, as well as knock-on effects for nutrient exchanges at the sediment-water interface. Trematodes negatively impacted the host's ability to transport sediment particles and solutes in a density-dependent way with parasite burden explaining 22–31% of the inter-individual variability. This could be explained by parasitism impairing the bivalve physiological state and ability to burrow as we observed a decrease in the condition index and the burrowing depth of the bivalves with an increase in the number of parasites they host. In contrast, the influence of <em>S. plana</em> on benthic biogeochemical fluxes did not vary significantly according to parasitic burden over a short time scale. Here, we focused on the effects of trematode parasites on the sole behaviour of <em>S. plana</em> and thus excluded other macrofaunal organisms. We should next test whether trematodes modulate the structure and functioning of benthic communities dominated by <em>S. plana</em> to better understand and quantify the engineering role of parasites in soft-bottom coastal environments.</p>
Data from: Persistent natural acidification drives major distribution shifts in marine benthic ecosystems
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Data from: Breaking out of the comfort zone: El Niño-Southern Oscillation as a driver of trophic flows in a benthic consumer of the Humboldt Current ecosystem
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Density-dependent effects of parasitism on the activity of a benthic engineer species: potential impact on ecosystem functioning
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Data from: Individual, population, and ecosystem effects of hypoxia on a dominant benthic bivalve in Chesapeake Bay
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Data from: Cross-habitat effects shape the ecosystem consequences of co-invasion by a pelagic and a benthic consumer
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Data from: Seasonal ecosystem metabolism across shallow benthic habitats measured by aquatic eddy covariance
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Data from: Cell turnover and detritus production in marine sponges from tropical and temperate benthic ecosystems
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Data from: Nature and timing of biotic recovery in Antarctic benthic marine ecosystems following the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction
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Data from: Alpha and beta diversity of connected benthic–subsurface invertebrate communities respond to drying in dynamic river ecosystems
Drying disturbances are the primary determinant of aquatic community biodiversity in dynamic river ecosystems. Research exploring how communities respond to disturbance has focused on benthic invertebrates in surface sediments, inadequately representing a connected community that extends into the subsurface. We compared subsurface and benthic invertebrate responses to drying, to identify common and context-dependent spatial patterns. We characterized community composition, alpha diversity and beta diversity across a gradient of drying duration. Subsurface communities responded to drying, but these responses were typically less pronounced than those of benthic communities. Despite compositional changes and in contrast to reductions in benthic alpha diversity, the alpha diversity of subsurface communities remained stable except at long drying durations. Some primarily benthic taxa were among those whose subsurface frequency and abundance responded positively to drying. Collectively, changing composition, stable richness and taxon-specific increases in occurrence provide evidence that subsurface sediments can support persistence of invertebrate communities during drying disturbances. Beta-diversity patterns varied and no consistent patterns distinguished the total diversity, turnover or nestedness of subsurface compared to benthic communities. In response to increasing drying duration, beta diversity increased or remained stable for benthic communities, but remained stable or decreased for subsurface communities, likely reflecting contrasts in the influence of mass effects, priority effects and environmental filtering. Dissimilarity between subsurface and benthic communities remained stable or increased with drying duration, suggesting that subsurface communities maintain distinct biodiversity value while also supporting temporary influxes of benthic taxa during drying events. As temporary rivers increase in extent due to global change, we highlight that recognizing the connected communities that extend into the subsurface sediments can enable holistic understanding of ecological responses to drying, the key determinant of biodiversity in these dynamic ecosystems.
High benthic community respiration and ecosystem response to phytodetrital input in a sub-polar fjord on the West Antarctic Peninsula
<p><span>Glaciomarine fjords dominate the coastal margin of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Studies in similar habitats in the Arctic have shown that benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in inner and middle fjord basins are reduced by turbidity and sedimentation disturbance caused by climate-warming-enhanced glacial melting. In contrast, the inner and middle fjord basins along the West Antarctic Peninsula are characterised as productivity and biodiversity hotspots, but benthic ecosystem functions remain unevaluated.</span> <span>In 2015-2016, we conducted sediment-respiration and <sup>13</sup>C pulse-chase experiments to assess benthic ecosystem functions along a five-station transect at ~500-600 m depths from the inner Andvord Bay fjord, through to Gerlache Strait, and onto the open continental shelf. Incubation samples from the inner and middle basins of Andvord Bay showed peaks in background seafloor respiration, benthic biomass, and uptake of labeled algal biomass compared to more outlying stations; the continental shelf exhibited the lowest levels of these variables, as well as dissolved inorganic carbon production. Macrofaunal community uptake was responsible for most of the C processing in the inner and middle parts of the fjord (>45%) while dissolved inorganic carbon was the dominant repository of processed C near the fjord mouth and on the continental shelf (>80%). The inner parts of Andvord Bay are hotspots of benthic C-cycling and metabolism, in addition to biodiversity. Ongoing climate warming is likely to negatively impact these inner-fjord hotspots by increasing meltwater input and sedimentation disturbance, yielding a reduction in the input and recycling of labile detritus at the seafloor in the inner-middle fjord.</span></p>
Data from: Alpha and beta diversity of connected benthic–subsurface invertebrate communities respond to drying in dynamic river ecosystems
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.