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98 results for “Biochar”
Long-term soil properties after different biochar feedstock treatments in a Southwest Virginia Pasture, 2024
Biochar is an agricultural amendment that can improve soil health and promote carbon (C) sequestration. Effects of biochar can vary and depend on the biochar feedstock, method of production, soil conditions, and amendment method and frequency. These data include soil physicochemical properties from plots amended with hay, softwood, and hardwood biochar types produced under similar conditions (479°C – 522°C for 3.5-10.2 hours) with and without a nitrogen addition (porcine blood meal) in a randomized complete block design after 4.5 years. Plots were first established at the Virginia Tech Catawba Sustainability Center in Catawba, VA in June of 2019 and sampled in March 2024. Soil measurements include total nitrogen, total carbon, carbon:nitrogen ratios, gravimetric moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO3 and NH4), bulk density, and moisture from bulk density measurements. These data contribute to a long-term understanding of different biochar feedstock effects on Southwest Virginia pasture soils.
Dataset to manuscript: Tailor-made biochar systems: Interdisciplinary evaluations of ecosystem services and farmer livelihoods in tropical agro-ecosystems
<p>Raw data to the manuscript entitled "Tailor-made biochar systems: Interdisciplinary evaluations of ecosystem services and farmer livelihoods in tropical agro-ecosystems" by Severin-Luca Bellè, Jean Riotte, Norman Backhaus, Muddu Sekhar, Pascal Jouquet and Samuel Abiven. </p> <p>Data files include all raw data of farmer interviews (20211209_Biochar_India_rawdata_Bellè_Abiven_farmer_interviews) and all raw data from the soil incubation study (20211209_Biochar_India_rawdata_Bellè_Abiven_soil_incubation). </p> <p>File ending with var_names is the README file. </p>
Biochar production paramters and physico-chemical characteristics
<p>Data on biochar production parameters and physico-chemical characteristics collected from the scientific, peer-reviewed literature. Articles published up to June 2021 were found via the Scopus electronic database using search terms "biochar properties" AND "biochar characteristics" in titles, abstracts and keywords. Data were manually extracted from text and tables, but not from figures. Data were curated as follows:</p> <ul> <li>deletion of implossible entries: H:C > 3 and sum of C, O, N, H, S and ash content > 110 weigth%</li> <li>deletion of entries that do not meet criteria to be considered as biochar (HTT < 350 °C)</li> <li>conversion to the unit reported in the database when needed and possible</li> </ul> <p>In addition to the main data table, in order to ease re-use of this dataset for other purposes, a bibliography table is provided with analytical field allowing to sort studies by biochar use case, and production parameter sutdied. Both tables are accompanied by a text read me file that describes each variable.</p>
Emissions of nitrous oxide and methane after field application of liquid organic fertilizers and biochar
<p>This dataset corresponds to the open access article "Emissions of nitrous oxide and methane after field application of liquid organic fertilizers and biochar" published in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108642">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108642</a>) funded by the Swiss Federal Offices for the Environment (BAFU), Agriculture (BLW) and Energy (BFE).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset for the publication "Size matters: small biochar particles hardly disintegrate under cryo-stress"
<p>Corresponding dataset for the OA publication "Small biochar particles hardly disintegrate under cryo-stress" published in Geoderma</p>
Netcdf of LCN-PyCCS negative emission potentials as described in Werner et al., 2022 "Potential of land-neutral negative emissions through biochar sequestration"
<p><br> - This data includes three netcdfs providing the negative emission potentials<br> of land- and calorie-neutral Pyrogenic Carbon Capture and Storage (PyCCS) as<br> described in WERNER, C., LUCHT, W., GERTEN, D. & KAMMANN, C. 2022.<br> Potential of Land-Neutral Negative Emissions Through Biochar Sequestration.<br> Earth's Future, 10, e2021EF002583.</p> <p>- the negative emission potential is given in tonnes per grid cell<br> - the data ranges from 2020 to 2099 with a linear ramp up of the approach until 2025<br> - the negative emission potentials are given for each yield increase scenario,<br> 15%, 20% and 30% yield increase<br> - the LPJmL model source code and analysis script can be found in:<br> https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6595002</p>
Short-term effects of biochar on soil CO2 efflux in boreal Scots pine forests
<p>This dataset includes all the data we collected at the first summer after biochar application in boreal forests. Our paper“ the effect of biochar on soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in boreal forests“ now is under review in Annals of Forest Science. Biochar prepared at two reaction temperatures was applied at three rates (including non-amended controls). During the first year after treatment, efflux increased with higher rates of biochar, but the reaction temperature had no effect. o explain char effects on efflux, soil moisture and temperature were also added to the model testing treatment effects. These environmental variables explained more of the variation in efflux and caused treatment to no longer have a significant effect. Based on this result, we concluded that soil temperature explains the effect of char on efflux.</p>
Short-term effects of biochar on soil CO2 efflux in boreal Scots pine forests
<p>This dataset includes all the data we collected at the first summer after biochar application in boreal forests. Our paper“ the effect of biochar on soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in boreal forests“ now is under review in Annals of Forest Science. Biochar prepared at two reaction temperatures was applied at three rates (including non-amended controls). During the first year after treatment, efflux increased with higher rates of biochar, but the reaction temperature had no effect. o explain char effects on efflux, soil moisture and temperature were also added to the model testing treatment effects. These environmental variables explained more of the variation in efflux and caused treatment to no longer have a significant effect. Based on this result, we concluded that soil temperature explains the effect of char on efflux.</p>
Quantification of soil organic carbon: the challenge of biochar-induced spatial heterogeneity
<p>R-script and output from model on spatially discrete biochar application and its influence on representative SOC sampling. An additional document to explain the data curation is also available ("Comment on Data curation").</p><p> </p>
Evaluation of point-of-use treatments and biochar to reduce 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) contamination in drinking water
<p>From the 1940s to the 1980s, 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) was widely present as an impurity in soil fumigants to eliminate plant parasitic nematodes. TCP also saw wide usage as a degreaser and solvent in industrial processes. In rural agricultural regions with a history of fumigant use, TCP is a common pollutant in groundwater. As a potent suspected carcinogen (California MCL 5 ng/L), TCP poses a risk to communities reliant on domestic wells. Lacking the populations needed for more centralized water treatment facilities, these communities often use point-of-use (POU) treatment technologies or buy bottled water. In this study, we tested commercially available water pitchers equipped with carbon filters for point-of-use TCP treatment efficacy. As a less costly carbon alternative, we also tested low-cost, locally sourced biochar made from almond shells. Biochar could serve as a sustainable alternative to the current coconut and coal-based carbon feedstocks. Pitcher point-of-use filters removed at or above 98% of TCP in tap water derived from untreated groundwater during their lifetime of use. In our batch studies, almond biochar did absorb TCP at a lower efficiency than commercially available granulated carbon. Ultimately, the study's findings could assist affected communities and households in identifying efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies at the domestic well and household levels.</p>
Evaluating the Role of Biochar in Altering Chlorinated Phenol Behavior in Alluvial Soil Systems
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Row and modelled data were obtained for four types of chlorinated phenols during transport in sandy alluvial soil and biochar-enriched soil. Raw data are provided for the characterization of sandy alluvial soil used in this study. The data are used for the preparation of a manuscript titled <em>Evaluating the Role of Biochar in Altering Chlorinated Phenol Behavior in Alluvial Soil Systems</em>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
The high dose of biochar reduces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons losses during co-composting of sewage sludge and wheat straw
<p>The data presents the raw data of organic solvent extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and temperature during composting as well as physico-chemical properties of composted material.</p>
Data for: A spatial framework for prioritizing biochar application to arable land: a case study for Sweden
<p>The uploaded data is related to the publication: <em>A spatial framework for prioritizing biochar application to arable land: a case study for Sweden</em>, and contains the following:</p> <p>(I) Raster files for three different biochar prioritization narratives.</p> <p>(II) High-resolution biochar use indication maps (in JPEG) for different prioritization narratives. </p>
Laboratory Dataset on Self-ignition of Biochar samples
<p>The file attached contains a complete set of experimental data from biochar self-heating ignition of cubic basket experiments for a range of feedstock materials (Softwood, Wheat pellets and rice husks) produced in a kiln reactor at temperatures ranging between 350 and 800 °C. The experiments are all oven-basket experiments, and were carried out in a thermostatically controlled oven with thermocouples for measuring the ambient and sample temperatures. The data reported includes the dates of experiments, volume of samples being tested, oven ambient temperature, reactor production temperature, bulk density of the sample and if the sample ignited or not. There are 3 worksheets included, one per feedstock type. This data is in support of the journal paper:</p> <p>F. Restuccia, O. Masek, R. M. Hadden, G. Rein, <strong>Quantifying self-heating ignition of biochar as a function of feedstock and </strong>the pyrolysis reactor temperature, <em>Fuel 236 (</em>2019), pp 201-213 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.141">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.141</a>.</p>
Variations in microscopic properties of biomass char: Implications for biochar characterization
<p><strong>Submitted data was used to write an article:</strong> <span>Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., Briggs, D., Bradburn, J., 2023, Variations in microscopic properties of biomass char: Implications for biochar characterization. International Journal of Coal Geology 271, 104235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104235</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding acknowledgments:</strong> The project is co-financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme (BPN/PPO/2021/1/00005/DEC/1), the National Science Center, Poland (2022/01/1/ST10/00024), and the research activities co-financed by the funds granted under the Research Excellence Initiative of the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Article Abstract</strong>: Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced during the thermochemical conversion of biomass, is considered to be an important material for environmental applications and sustainable agriculture. With interest in its use growing, it is essential to understand how pyrolysis parameters control biochar properties and, subsequently, which analytical methods can be applied effectively in characterizing biochar. While various methods are already in use, the potential of reflected light microscopy analysis has not yet been widely explored. This paper focuses on examining the microscopic properties of various biochars by implementing reflected light microscopy and assessing whether this technique has the potential to deliver quick, reliable, and essential information for biochar characterization. To support microscopic observations, selected physical (density and surface area) and chemical parameters (carbon and sulfur content, functional group distribution) of biochar samples were also determined. Megascopically and microscopically there is a considerable difference among biochars of different feeds including their size and shape, porosity, ratio of the abundance of cellular to non-cellular pores, inorganic matter content, the ratio of thick-walled to thin-walled inertinite, or the ratio between high-reflectance inertinite to low reflectance inertinite and their reactivity. The biochars studied also showed variations in the oxygenated groups contribution, a wide range of carbon content (14.7 to 98.8%), density (1.45 to 2.47 g/cm3), and surface areas (from <1 to 363.6 m2/g). Our results demonstrate that microscopic characteristics and reflectance of biochar can provide crucial diagnostic value for predicting biochar properties and, in combination with other physical and chemical properties, help to enhance information about the biomass conversion process and potential practical use of biochar.</p>
Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability– Evidence from field experiments in Germany-ROW DATA
<p> Row data for researcher paper Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability– Evidence from field experiments in Germany</p>
Effects of nurse shrubs and biochar on planted conifer seedling survival and growth in a high-severity burn patch in New Mexico, USA
<p>The synergistic effects of widespread high-severity wildfire and anthropogenic climate change are driving large-scale vegetation conversion. In the southwestern United States, areas that were once dominated by conifer forests are now shrub- or grasslands after high-severity wildfire, an ecosystem conversion that could be permanent without human intervention. Yet, the reforestation of these landscapes is rarely successful, with a mean planted seedling survival of just 25 %. Given these low rates, we carried out a planting experiment to quantify the impacts of biochar as a soil amendment and shrubs as nurse plants on planted conifer seedling survival and growth following high-severity wildfire. We planted 1200 seedlings of three species (<em>Pinus</em> <em>ponderosa</em>, <em>P. strobiformis</em>, and <em>Pseudotsuga</em> <em>menziesii</em>) in a 2-ha area within the footprint of the Las Conchas fire in New Mexico, USA. We used four treatments: under shrubs, or in the open and with or without biochar in a full-factorial design. We found that planting tree seedlings underneath shrubs increased tree seedling survival by 46 % after 3 years, with some marginal evidence that shrubs inhibited seedling diameter growth (mean <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.08). The addition of biochar increased seedling survival by 11 % but had no effect on seedling growth. Our study suggests that planted seedling survival in post-wildfire areas can be increased by planting under shrubs in soil amended with biochar. The widespread adoption of these methods may improve the success rates of post-wildfire reforestation efforts in semi-arid areas, regaining some of the ecosystem services lost to high-severity wildfire.</p>
Effects of nurse shrubs and biochar on planted conifer seedling survival and growth in a high-severity burn patch in New Mexico, USA
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Evaluation of point-of-use treatments and biochar to reduce 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) contamination in drinking water
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Digital research data from: Evaluation of a pH- and time-dependent model for the sorption of heavy metal cations by poultry litter-derived biochar
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript, Evaluation of a pH- and time-dependent model for the sorption of heavy metal cations by poultry litter-derived biochar. Chemosphere (2024), 347, 140688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140688. </p> <p>Common isotherm and kinetic models cannot describe the pH-dependent sorption of heavy metal cations by biochar. In this paper, we evaluated a pH-dependent, equilibrium/kinetic model for describing the sorption of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) by poultry litter-derived biochar (PLB). We performed sorption experiments across a range of solution pH, initial metal concentration, and reaction time. </p>
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