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79 results for “Biodiversity ecosystem functioning”
Tree mortality in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
FAB2_sapling_volume_2021-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
fab2_allometry_2016-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
Data from: Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade-offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity
<p> </p> <p><strong>Short description</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the relevant data and code used for the analyses of the scientific publication: "<em>Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade-offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity</em>", published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>For further details please see the original article and its supplementary materials.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Organization of the data</strong></p> <p>The repository contains two main folders:</p> <p> 1. Target indicators & spatial analysis</p> <p><em>‘target indicators.csv’</em>: Measured variables that have been quantified at the CROSSLINK field sampling campaign in the Zwalm catchment (EPT taxa richness, diatoms functional evenness, cotton-strip assay).</p> <p><em>‘bio-suitability segments.csv’</em>: Biophysical suitability for food production of the arable land for each riparian segment of the Zwalm.</p> <p><em>‘spatial analysis.xlsx’</em>: Results of the Zwalm spatial analyses addressing land-use and physiographic properties of the (1) local riparian corridors; (2) full riparian corridors within in the upstream catchments and (3) total upstream catchment areas for each sampling site.</p> <p><em>‘Summary model development Zwalm.pptx’</em>: Additional information on the models that have been used in the CoMOLA optimization framework.</p> <p> 2. CoMOLA input & parameterisation</p> <p>The files in this folder can be used for the parameterisation of the Python tool CoMOLA (Strauch et al., 2019). Source for CoMOLA, including user manual: https://github.com/michstrauch/CoMOLA</p> <p><em>‘config.ini’</em>: Basic configuration file of CoMOLA (needs to be adjusted to local settings)</p> <p><em>‘input’ folder</em>: Includes the CoMOLA input files that have been used in our study. See CoMOLA manual for more details on each file.</p> <p><em>‘models’ folder</em>: Includes the Python code of the models that are used for the calculation of all target indicators within the optimization framework (‘Zwalm_4_Models_v1_utf8.py’). The sub-folders ‘GIS_temp_files’ and ‘Input’ contain all files that are needed and have been used to run the Python code.</p> <p> </p>
Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: dataset for conducting the meta-analysis
<p>This repository contains the code and dataset to replicate the meta-analysis conducted by Sabater et al. entitled "Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: evidence from a meta-analysis"</p> <p>Metadata:</p> <p>- metaanalysis_GlobalEvidenceRivers_Rscript.R - R Script to conduct the meta-analysis</p> <p>- structural_resp.csv - table with data to perform the species richness, density, and biomass meta-analysis. It includes the mean, SD (or SE), and sample number of the studies included in the meta-analysis, as well as information on the paper authors, year of publication, and type of study (experimental or observational). It also includes co-variates and the author who subtracts the information from the paper.</p> <p>- functional_resp.csv - table with data to perform the primary productivity, respiration, and decomposition meta-analysis. It includes the mean, SD (or SE), and sample number of the studies included in the meta-analysis, as well as information on the paper authors, year of publication, and type of study (experimental or observational). It also includes co-variates and the author who subtracts the information from the paper.</p> <p>-refMap.csv - Geographical information of the papers included in the meta-analysis.</p>
Data from: Ecosystem functioning during biodiversity loss and recovery
<p>Anthropogenic biodiversity loss can impair ecosystem functioning. Human activities are often managed with the aim of reversing biodiversity loss and its associated functional impacts. However, it is currently unknown whether biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships observed during biodiversity recovery are the same as those observed during biodiversity loss. This will depend on how species extirpation and recolonisation sequences compare and how different species influence ecosystem functioning. Using data from a marine benthic invertebrate community, we modelled how bioturbation potential – a proxy for benthic ecosystem functioning – changes along biodiversity loss and recovery sequences governed by species' sensitivity to physical disturbance and recolonisation capability, respectively. BEF relationships for biodiversity loss and recovery were largely the same despite species extirpation and recolonisation sequences being different. This held true irrespective of whether populations were assumed to exhibit compensatory responses as species were removed or added. These findings suggest that the functional consequences of local biodiversity loss can be reversed by alleviating its drivers, as different species present at comparable levels of species richness during biodiversity loss and recovery phases have similar functional effects. Empirically verifying and determining the generality of our model-based results are potential next steps for future research.</p>
Exotics are more complementary over time in tree biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments
<p><strong>Background and aims</strong></p> <p>The Biodiversity – Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) literature proposes that ecosystem functioning increases with biodiversity because of complementarity in resource use among species, associated with functional diversity. In this study, we challenge the trait-based ecology framework by comparing congeneric exotic (European) and native (North American) tree species showing similar resource-use functional trait values. The trait-based framework suggests that two functionally equivalent species should play similar roles in a community, resulting in similar interactions and performances. However, several studies showed that when growing in mixtures, exotic species that are functionally equivalent to native species benefitted from enemy-release, resulting in a reduced apparent competition. We hypothesize that exotic species should be more productive than native species because the exotic species benefit from reduced apparent competition due to enemy-release rather than from possessing more competitive resource-use functional traits.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We study a diversity experiments, part of the International Diversity Experiment Network with Trees (IDENT), composed of two identical sites, each with two orthogonal diversity gradients: species richness and functional diversity. The functional gradient consists of species combinations of equal richness but increasing functional diversity, using different combinations of species provenance to assess the relationship between productivity, functional diversity and species provenance, independently of species richness. We grew a total of 12 species (six native, six exotic) in different combinations of one, two and six species mixtures. The exotic species were selected based on their functional equivalence to their native congeneric species.</p> <p><strong>Key Results</strong></p> <p>Eight years after planting, we found that exotic species were more productive than native species, but only at high functional diversity. Results indicate that exotic species overall benefit from a reduced apparent competition, and that exotic-increased productivity at high functional diversity is consistent with the enemy release hypothesis.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>After eight years, exotic species were more productive overall than their native counterparts, but only in the most functionally diverse communities. This study represents a first step in understanding the relative importance of complementarity in resource-use and apparent competition in a context of an exotic tree species invasion.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships change in sign and magnitude across the Hill diversity spectrum
<p>Motivated by accelerating anthropogenic extinctions, decades of biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) experiments show that ecosystem function declines with species loss from local communities. Yet, at the local scale, changes in species' total and relative abundances are more common than species loss. The consensus best biodiversity measures are Hill numbers, which use a scaling parameter, ℓ, to emphasize rarer versus more common species. Shifting that emphasis captures distinct, function-relevant biodiversity gradients beyond species richness. Here, we hypothesized that Hill numbers that emphasize rare species more than richness does may distinguish large, complex and presumably higher functioning assemblages from smaller and simpler ones. In this study, we tested which values of ℓ produce the strongest BEF relationships in community datasets of ecosystem functions provided by wild, free-living organisms. We found that ℓ values that emphasized rare species more than richness does most often correlated most strongly with ecosystem functions. As emphasis shifted to more common species, BEF correlations were often weak and/or negative. We argue that unconventional Hill diversities that shift emphasis towards rarer species may be useful for describing biodiversity change, and that employing a wide spectrum of Hill numbers can clarify mechanisms underlying BEF relationships</p> <p>This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions’.</p>
Testing biodiversity-ecosystem function relations in nearshore marine sediments
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Exotics are more complementary over time in tree biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments
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Data from: Ecosystem functioning during biodiversity loss and recovery
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SBC LTER: Beach: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning - sandy beach detritivore kelp consumption rates
These data describe the consumption rates of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) wrack by sandy beach detritivore species common to beaches in the Santa Barbara Channel during a laboratory experiment in August 2016. Species included Megalorchestia minor, Megalorchestia benedicti, Megalorchestia corniculata, Megalorchestia californiana, Phaleria rotundata, and Alloniscus perconvexus. The data file includes the mass of dry kelp consumed per day per individual, the mass of dry kelp consumed per day, and the total mass of dry kelp consumed over the 3-day experiment. There were 12 individuals per treatment and the kelp tissue was measured at the beginning and the end of the 3-night experiment. Consumption rates given here have been corrected for non-consumptive mass loss determined by control treatments with no consumers (4.0 ± 1.5% dry mass or 6.0 ± 2.5 mg).
Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems
<p><span>Grazing and </span><span>global change</span><span> (e.g., warming, nitrogen deposition</span> <span>and altered precipitation</span><span>) both contribute to biodiversity loss and alter ecosystem structure and function</span><span>ing</span><span>. However, how grazing and </span><span>global </span><span>change interactively influence plant diversity, ecosystem productivity, and the</span><span>ir relationship </span><span>remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we synthesized 73 field studies to quantify the individual and/or interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on biodiversity-</span><span>productivity relationship</span><span> in grasslands.</span><span> Our results showed that grazing significantly reduced plant richness by 3.7% and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 29.1%, but increased belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) by 9.3%. Global change factors, however, decreased richness by 8.0% but increased ANPP and BNPP by 13.4% and 14.9%, respectively</span><span>. Interestingly, the strengt</span><span>h of the change in biodiversity in response to grazing was positively correlated with</span> <span>the strength of the change in BNPP. Yet, global change flipped these relationships from positive to negative even when combined with grazing</span><span>.</span><span> These results indicate that the impacts of global change factors are more dominant than grazing on the</span><span> belowground</span> <span>biodiversity-productivity relationship, which</span><span> is contrary to the pattern of aboveground one</span><span>.</span><span> Therefore, incorporating global change factors with herbivore grazing into Earth system models is necessary to accurately predict climate-grassland </span><span>carbon</span><span> cycle feedbacks in the Anthropocene.</span></p>
Macro-scale analysis of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in lakes (github repository)
<p>National Lakes Assessment biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships across the continental United States. This is an archived version of a github repository, containing data and R code. The repository can also be found online https://github.com/cont-limno/NLA-Diversity-.</p>
Fig. 1 in The importance of isolated patches for maintaining local bird biodiversity and ecosystem function: a case study from the Pernambuco Center of Endemism, Northeast Brazil
Fig. 1. Rarefaction curve based at Mata do Cedro abundance and richness, state of Alagoas, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in The importance of isolated patches for maintaining local bird biodiversity and ecosystem function: a case study from the Pernambuco Center of Endemism, Northeast Brazil
Fig. 2. Functional dendrogram of species of birds found at Mata do Cedro, state of Alagoas, Brazil.
Afforestation and abandonment of semi-natural grasslands lead to biodiversity loss and a decline in ecosystem services and functions
<p>1. During the past century, semi-natural grasslands, once widespread throughout Europe, have largely been converted into intensively managed agricultural areas, abandoned or afforested. These large-scale land-use changes have already resulted in considerable biodiversity loss but can also lead to a decline in ecosystem service provision and ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> <p>2. We assessed the impact of afforestation and abandonment of semi-natural grasslands on the supply of ecosystem services in Western Estonia. We compared a wide array of services provided by open grasslands, abandoned grasslands, and afforested grasslands. Additionally, we analysed the impact of land-use change and species richness on ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> <p>3. Significant declines in the supply of pollination service, natural pest regulation, forage production, soil quality, wild food, and cultural appreciation of landscape were detected as a result of overgrowing or afforestation.</p> <p>4. There was a significant positive relationship between species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality, i.e. more biodiverse grasslands were able to support more services at a higher capacity.</p> <p>5. Results show that both grassland degradation due to abandonment, as well as grassland afforestation, have significant negative impacts on biodiversity, on the supply of multiple important ecosystem services and on the ecosystem multifunctionality.</p> <p>6. Synthesis and applications. Temperate semi-natural grasslands have high biodiversity and capacity to deliver multiple important ecosystem services simultaneously. Conservation and restoration of grassland habitats must be considered as an important part of sustainable landscape planning.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change through primary succession
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Afforestation and abandonment of semi-natural grasslands lead to biodiversity loss and a decline in ecosystem services and functions
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Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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