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20 results for “Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship”
Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems
<p><span>Grazing and </span><span>global change</span><span> (e.g., warming, nitrogen deposition</span> <span>and altered precipitation</span><span>) both contribute to biodiversity loss and alter ecosystem structure and function</span><span>ing</span><span>. However, how grazing and </span><span>global </span><span>change interactively influence plant diversity, ecosystem productivity, and the</span><span>ir relationship </span><span>remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we synthesized 73 field studies to quantify the individual and/or interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on biodiversity-</span><span>productivity relationship</span><span> in grasslands.</span><span> Our results showed that grazing significantly reduced plant richness by 3.7% and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 29.1%, but increased belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) by 9.3%. Global change factors, however, decreased richness by 8.0% but increased ANPP and BNPP by 13.4% and 14.9%, respectively</span><span>. Interestingly, the strengt</span><span>h of the change in biodiversity in response to grazing was positively correlated with</span> <span>the strength of the change in BNPP. Yet, global change flipped these relationships from positive to negative even when combined with grazing</span><span>.</span><span> These results indicate that the impacts of global change factors are more dominant than grazing on the</span><span> belowground</span> <span>biodiversity-productivity relationship, which</span><span> is contrary to the pattern of aboveground one</span><span>.</span><span> Therefore, incorporating global change factors with herbivore grazing into Earth system models is necessary to accurately predict climate-grassland </span><span>carbon</span><span> cycle feedbacks in the Anthropocene.</span></p>
Macro-scale analysis of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in lakes (github repository)
<p>National Lakes Assessment biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships across the continental United States. This is an archived version of a github repository, containing data and R code. The repository can also be found online https://github.com/cont-limno/NLA-Diversity-.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change through primary succession
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Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems
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A graphical null model for scaling biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
1. Global biodiversity is declining at rates faster than at any other point in human history. Experimental manipulations at small spatial scales have demonstrated that communities with fewer species consistently produce less biomass than higher diversity communities. Understanding how the global extinction crisis is likely to impact global ecosystem functioning requires applying these local experimental results at substantially larger spatial and temporal scales. 2. Here we propose a null model for scaling biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships using observed macroecological patterns. We use species-area and biomass-area curves to predict species richness – biomass relationships at multiple scales and validate these predictions with data from a Minnesota grassland and a Panamanian tropical dry forest. 3. Our null model accurately predicts species richness-biomass relationships across scales from these species-area and biomass-area relationships. However, we note two important caveats that will increase our ability to apply experimentally collected data to the global scale problem of species loss. First when ecosystem functioning is measured as per unit area (e.g., biomass m-2), as is common in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments, the slope of the biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationship should decrease with increasing scale. Alternatively, when ecosystem functioning is not measured per unit area (e.g., summed total biomass), as is common in scaling studies, the slope of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship should increase with increasing spatial scale. Second, the underlying macroecological patterns of biodiversity experiments are predictably different from some naturally assembled systems. For example, in non-successional naturally assembled ecosystem, biomass is unlikely to change directionally through time. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments, however, often start from bare ground and biomass increases through time. From these underlying patterns, we would predict that the slope of the biodiversity-productivity relationship in a naturally assembled system not undergoing succession would decrease with increasing time. Alternatively, in an experiment we would predict an increase over time. 4. This paper provides a simple but novel null hypothesis for scaling any relationship between biodiversity and any ecosystem function in space and time. These predictions provide crucial insights into how and when we can extend results from small scale biodiversity experiments to naturally assembled regional and global ecosystems.
Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in long-term time series and palaeoecological records: deep sea as a test bed
The link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) over long temporal scales is poorly understood. Here, we investigate biological monitoring and palaeoecological records on decadal, centennial and millennial time scales from a BEF framework, by using deep-sea, soft-sediment environments as a test bed. Results generally show positive BEF relationships, in agreement with BEF studies based on present-day spatial analyses and short-term manipulative experiments. However, the deep-sea BEF relationship is much noisier across longer time scales compared with modern observational studies. We also demonstrate with palaeoecological time-series data that a larger species pool does not enhance ecosystem stability through time, whereas abundance, as an indicator of higher ecosystem functioning, may enhance ecosystem stability. These results suggest that BEF relationships are potentially timescale-dependent. Environmental impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning may be much stronger than biodiversity impacts on ecosystem functioning at long, decadal–millennial, time scales. Longer time-scale perspectives, including palaeoecological and ecosystem monitoring data, are critical for predicting future BEF relationships on a rapidly changing planet.
Data from: Meiofauna affect the macrobenthic biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship
The biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (B–EF) relationship has become of main interest in the last few decades, mostly because of the worldwide increase in species extinctions. However, most of these studies only consider species within single size-class or trophic level, thereby most likely underestimating ecosystem complexity. To reach more realistic scenarios, we assessed the role of meiofauna (lower size-class level) on the relationship between macrofaunal biodiversity and multiple benthic ecosystem properties. Experiments took place under controlled conditions using three macrofaunal species (Alitta (formerly Nereis) virens, Macoma balthica and Mya arenaria). A total of eight combinations of zero to three functionally different macrofaunal species were maintained in microcosms for 34 days in either the presence or absence of a different size-class grouping (a meiofaunal mixture). The organic matter content and bacterial abundance in sediments and the oxygen and nutrient (NH4+, NOx-, PO4 3-) fluxes across the sediment-water interface were measured and used as proxies of ecosystem properties. Overall, macrofaunal species richness did not modify any of the measured properties; however, we observed changes associated to the presence of A. virens and M. balthica. This study also revealed a strong impact of the presence of meiofauna on ecosystem properties. They changed interactions between macrofaunal species, which led to modifications in the ecosystem properties. Thus, even if this size-class group has been poorly considered in previous studies, this experiment suggests that future studies should consider the meiofauna with greater attention, particularly in the context of B–EF.
Data: Trait-based food web model reveals the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
<p>Data and code related to 'Trait-based food web model reveals the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships' to reproduce figures and analyses.</p>
Spatio-temporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
<p>There is increasing evidence that spatial and temporal dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem functions play an essential role in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Despite the known importance of soil processes for forest ecosystems, belowground functions in response to tree diversity and spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological processes and conditions remain poorly described. We propose a novel conceptual framework integrating spatio-temporal dynamics in BEF relationships and hypothesized a positive tree species richness effect on soil ecosystem functions through the spatial and temporal stability of biotic and abiotic soil properties based on species complementarity and asynchrony. We tested this framework within a long-term tree diversity experiment in Central Germany by assessing soil ecosystem functions (soil microbial properties and litter decomposition) and abiotic variables (soil moisture and surface temperature) for two consecutive years in high spatial and temporal resolution. Tree species richness and identity had significant effects on soil properties (e.g., soil microbial biomass). Structural equation modeling revealed that overall soil microbial biomass was partly explained by (a) enhanced temporal stability of soil surface temperature and (b) decreased spatial stability of soil microbial biomass. Overall, spatial stability of soil microbial properties was positively correlated with their temporal stability. These results suggest that spatio-temporal dynamics are indeed crucial determinants in BEF relationships and highlight the importance of vegetation-induced microclimatic conditions for stable provisioning of soil ecosystem functions and services.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in long-term time series and palaeoecological records: deep sea as a test bed
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A graphical null model for scaling biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
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Data from: Species turnover and invasion of dominant freshwater invertebrates alter biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship
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Data from: Meiofauna affect the macrobenthic biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship
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Data from: Increased temperature disrupts the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship
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Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in fish communities: biomass is related to evenness and the environment, not to species richness
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
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Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in a long-term non-weeded field experiment
Many grassland biodiversity experiments show a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, however, in most these experiments plant communities are established by sowing and natural colonization is prevented by selective weeding of non-sown species. During ecosystem restoration, for example on abandoned fields, plant communities start on bare soil, and diversity is often manipulated in a single sowing event. How such initial plant diversity manipulations influence plant biodiversity development and ecosystem functioning is not well understood. We examined how relationships between taxonomic and functional diversity, biomass production and stability develop over 16 years in non-weeded plots sown with 15 species, 4 species, or that were not sown. We found that sown plant communities become functionally similar to unsown, naturally colonized plant communities. However, initial sowing treatments had long-lasting effects on species composition and taxonomic diversity. We found only few relationships between biomass production, or stability in biomass production, and functional or taxonomic diversity, and the ones we observed were negative. In addition, the cover of dominant plant species was positively related to biomass production and stability. We conclude that effects of introducing plant species at the start of secondary succession can persist for a long time, and that in secondary succession communities with natural plant species dynamics diversity-functioning relationships can be weak or negative. Moreover, our findings indicate that in systems where natural colonization of species is allowed effects of plant dominance may underlie diversity-functioning relationships.
Data from: Studying biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in experimental microcosms among islands
<p>Ecological studies on islands have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying biodiversity of larger organisms, but we know little about the factors affecting island microbial biodiversity and ecosystem function. We conducted a field experiment on five Baltic Sea islands where we placed aquatic microcosms with different levels of salinity mimicking environmental stress and allowed diatoms to colonize the microcosms via air. Using structural equation models (SEM), we investigated the interconnections among environmental and dispersal-related factors, diatom biodiversity, and ecosystem productivity (represented by chlorophyll a concentration). We also tested whether the body size structure of the community influences productivity together with biodiversity. In SEMs, we found no relationship between species richness or evenness and productivity. Rather, productivity increased with increasing mean body size of species in the communities. The effects of environmental stress on both biodiversity and ecosystem productivity were highlighted as species richness and evenness declined, whereas productivity increased at the highest salinity levels. In addition to salinity, wind exposure affected both biodiversity metrics and productivity. This study provides new insights into microbial community assembly in a field experimental setting and the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Our results indicate that salinity presents a strong abiotic filter, leading to communities that may be species-poor, yet comprise salinity-tolerant and relatively productive species at high salinity. Our findings also emphasize the importance of mean community body size in mediating the effects of environmental conditions on productivity and suggest that this trait should be considered more broadly in biodiversity-ecosystem function studies.</p>
Data from: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in a long-term non-weeded field experiment
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Data from: Studying biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships in experimental microcosms among islands
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