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Results files for Land-free Bioenergy From Circular Agroecology -- A Diverse Option Space and Trade-offs
<p>This is the open data repository to support and reproduce results in the paper "<em>Land-free Bioenergy From Circular Agroecology -- A Diverse Option Space and Trade-offs</em>." There are <strong>three types </strong>of files here:</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>1. Ready-to-use final results files of all strategies and scenarios referred to in the paper. </strong>They can be downloaded and used directly without running any codes. They all have the same naming format for strategies/scenarios: `Org` = organic share, `ConcRed` = concentrate feeding reduction share, `WasteRed` = waste reduction share, and numbers refer to the share. E.g., `Org0_ConcRed50_WasteRed75` is a strategy with 0% organic share, 50% concentrate feeding reduction, and 75% waste reduction.</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>`NationalAncillaryBioenergyPotential_EJ.csv`: The national potential of ancillary bioenergy in 2050 from all scenarios. (Units: EJ). Same in both pathways.</li> <li>`GlobalPotentialEnvironmentalImpacts_NutrientFirst.csv`: Environmental impacts of all scenarios from the pathway `<em>NutrientFirst</em>.` The first three rows refer to the combination of agroecological practices in places, which allow you to explore environmental impacts grouped by, e.g., different organic shares.</li> <li>`GlobalPotentialEnvironmentalImpacts_NegFirst.csv`: Same structure as the file above, but from another pathway, `<em>NegativeFirst</em>`.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>2. `SOLmOutputs` contains all original output files from our model <a href="https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/38778/">SOLmV6</a>. </strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>3. `DataCleaningKit` has the Python codes and additional dataset of heat values to process 2. `SOLmOutputs` and spit 1. </strong>(Tip: One should adjust the `input_path` and `output_path` before running `DataCleaning.py.`)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Fei Wu (fei.wu@usys.ethz.ch)</p> <p>Delft, August, 2023</p> <p> </p>
Model run and scenario data for study "Bioenergy-induced land-use change emissions with sectorally fragmented policies"
<p>This data archive contains model runs and data analysis files to the research article</p> <p><strong>Bioenergy-induced land-use change emissions with sectorally fragmented policies</strong></p> <p>by <em>Leon Merfort, Nico Bauer, Florian Humpenöder, David Klein, Jessica Strefler, Alexander Popp, Gunnar Luderer, Elmar Kriegler</em></p> <p>published in <em>Nature Climate Change </em>(2023).</p> <p><em><strong>ModelRuns_remind </strong></em>(directory) contains all REMIND model runs of the scenarios underlying the paper.</p> <p><em><strong>ModelRuns_magpie </strong></em>(directory) contains all MAgPIE model runs of the scenarios underlying the paper.</p> <p><em><strong>DataAnalysis </strong></em>(directory) contains an RStudio Project that was used for the data analysis and the generation of the figures of the paper. It additionally contains all figures and figure data that are shown in the paper.</p> <p><em><strong>ScenarioMapping.pdf</strong></em> contains the mapping from scenario names used in the paper to the model experiment names (in the model run directories).</p>
Simulated bioenergy crop yield on agricultural land in a 10-county region of western North Carolina.
We used a mechanistic plant growth model, ALMANAC (Kiniry 1996), to simulate the growth of bioenergy crops including switchgrass, miscanthus, and hybrid poplar. We selected simulation points by overlaying SSURGO soil data polygons with a 1-km resolution observed climate dataset (Thornton et al. 2012). The centroid of each unique soil polygon and climate cell combination was used as a simulation point, resulting in over 69,000 simulation points. Crop growth was simulated at each point for 10 (grasses) or 12 (poplar) years and replicated 10 times. We limited our simulation to area currently identified as agriculture, pasture, grass- or shrubland in the 2012 National Cropdata Layer.
Dataset for greenhouse gas modelling in diesel dependent communities transitioning to bioenergy
<p>The data presented here are from the research article entitled "Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of replacing diesel fuel with wood-based bioenergy in an arctic Indigenous community: A pilot study in Fort McPherson, Canada". Based on a pilot study realized in Northern Canada and life cycle assessment, we provide a set of key parameters and operational data gathered along the biomass supply chain to build a GHG mitigation scenario and compute the quantity and timing of GHG savings in the off-grid community of Fort McPherson, NWT. Given that GHG mitigation scenarios are often assessed against a relative fossil-fuel reference scenario, we are providing two categories of data; 1) data for the reference fossil fuel scenario and; 2) data along the upstream operations of biomass supply chains. Both categories contain data related to the operational processes as well as forest growth or decomposition of unused feedstock. Although the data presented are mostly derived from the boreal forest, they could help guide other communities beyond the boreal to develop a renewable bioenergy system and assess their GHG mitigation options.</p>
Cost of ligno-cellulosic biomass production for bioenergy in 45 countries
<p>This database provides data on ligno-cellulosic biomass production costs in 45 countries. It is the result of a compilation of data from a literature search carried out on the Google Scholar platform based on the following keywords: ‘biomass’, ‘bioenergy’, ‘energy crops’, ‘cost’, ‘economics’, ‘analysis’, ‘ligno-cellulosic’, ‘managed forest’, ‘wood crop’, ‘grass crop’, ‘crop residues’ (similar keywords such as wood crop or gass crop were also used). It includes 106 documents published between 1988 and 2018, including 59 journal articles, 15 non peer-reviewed articles, 6 conference publications, 20 government agency reports, and 4 PhD or Master’s theses. The total number of data points is 410, unevenly distributed among the five biomass types (managed forest, wood energy crops, grass energy crops, agricultural residues and forest residues and six global regions (Africa, Asia, Latin America, Former Soviet Union, Europe and North America).</p>
Energy Transition Strategy Based on Bioenergy Potential from Empty Fruit Bunches to Support Indonesia's New Capital in East Kalimantan
<p><strong><span>Data Source</span></strong></p> <p><span>The study of bioenergy potential of Eastern Kalimantan, INDONESIA </span></p> <p><strong><span> </span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Journal Title</span></strong><span><span> </span>: <span> </span></span><span>Energy Transition Strategy Based on Bioenergy Potential from Empty Fruit Bunches to Support Indonesia's New Capital in East Kalimantan</span></p>
Data_ Integrating torrefaction of pulp industry sludge with anaerobic digestion to produce bioenergy and biochemicals: Techno-economic and environmental feasibility analysis
<p>In order to improve the economic competitiveness of bioenergy carriers and biochemicals, they must be produced<br> from low-cost or no-cost feedstock and at a reduced operational expenses. In that regard, this study<br> focused on understanding the techno-economic feasibility of using pulp sludge as a low-cost alternative feedstock<br> to forestry biomass in torrefaction. Economic feasibility of further integrating pulp sludge torrefaction with<br> anaerobic digestion to produce energy, biomethane and volatile fatty acids (VFA) was also studied. The operational<br> expenses were around 8.2 and 2.04 M€ and the minimum selling price of torrefied pellets was 407 and<br> 189 €/t for forestry biomass torrefaction and pulp sludge torrefaction respectively. In case of integrated approaches,<br> VFA production showed higher economic feasibility with a torrefied pellets selling price of 163 €/t<br> compared with biomethane production (213 €/t). The biomethane and VFA selling price can be reduced by 90<br> and 64% compared with current market price at torrefied pellets selling price of 260 €/t. Sensitivity analysis<br> revealed that, moisture content of the sludge is the main influencing parameter on the overall economic feasibility<br> of the pulp sludge torrefaction. The environmental analysis showed that pulp sludge torrefaction has higher<br> emissions compared with forestry biomass torrefaction.</p>
Increased precipitation over land due to climate feedback of large-scale bioenergy cultivation
<p>Biophysical effects of different bioenergy crop cultivation scenarios on global water cycles simulated by coupled IPSL-CM model, with ORCHIDEE-MICT-BIOENERGY as the land component and LMDz as the atmosphere component. The spatial resolution of the coupled model was 1.26° latitude × 2.5° longitude (i.e., 143*144 grid cells globally).</p> <p>Datasets includes:</p> <p>1. Source data and plotting code for Figure 1, the global precipitation changes induced by bioenergy cultivation.</p> <p>2. Source data and plotting code for Figure 2, the diagnostic precipitation changes for global land area, in and outside of the bioenergy cultivation area.</p> <p>3. Source data plotting code for Figure 3, the changes in water balance for global land area, in and outside of bioenergy cultivation area, monsoon regions and four different humidity zones.</p>
Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems
<p>Cellulosic bioenergy is a primary land-based climate mitigation strategy, with soil carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) conservation as important mitigation elements. Here, we present 13 years of soil C and N change under three cellulosic cropping systems: monoculture switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.), a five native grasses polyculture, and no-till corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.). Soil C and N fractions were measured four times over 12 years. Bulk soil C in the 0–25 cm depth at the end of the study period ranged from 28.4 (± 1.4 se) Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> in no-till corn, to 30.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> in switchgrass, and to 34.8 (± 1.4) Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> in native grasses. Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) ranged from 60% to 90% and particulate organic matter (POM) from 10% to 40% of total soil C. Over 12 years, total C as well as both C fractions persisted under no-till corn and switchgrass and increased under native grasses. In contrast, POM N stocks decreased 33% to 45% across systems, whereas MAOM N decreased by less than 13% and only in no-till corn. Declining POM N stocks likely reflect pre-establishment land use, which included alfalfa and manure in earlier rotations. Root production and large soil aggregate formation explained 69% (p < 0.001) and 36% (p = 0.024) of total soil C change, respectively, and 60% (p = 0.020) and 41% (p = 0.023) of soil N change, demonstrating the importance of belowground productivity and soil aggregates for producing and protecting soil C and conserving soil N. Differences between switchgrass and native grasses also indicate a dependence on plant diversity. Soil C and N benefits of bioenergy crops depend strongly on root productivity and pre-establishment land use.</p>
Data from: Carbon debt of field-scale Conservation Reserve Program grasslands converted to annual and perennial bioenergy crops
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Long-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in switchgrass, native grasses, and no-till corn bioenergy production systems
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset for greenhouse gas modelling in diesel dependent communities transitioning to bioenergy
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Data and code for: Combining eddy covariance towers, field measurements, and the MEMS 2 ecosystem model improves confidence in the climate impacts of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
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Systematic Literature Review results: PRISMA Statement Phases for Education and Communication based on Circular Economy and Bioenergy Literature
<p>Results of each phase of the prisma statement of the flow Diagram.</p>
Data for: The impacts of bioenergy pine plantation management practices on bee communities
<p>1. Cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks is a growing land-use worldwide, yet we have a poor understanding of how bioenergy crop management practices affect biodiversity. This knowledge gap is particularly acute for candidate cellulosic bioenergy feedstocks, such as tree plantations, and for organisms that provide important ecosystem services, such as pollinators.</p> <p>2. We examined bee communities in 83 sites across three states in the southeastern USA—Alabama, Florida and Georgia. We compared bee abundance and diversity in 66 pine plantation sites that reflect management with and without potential bioenergy feedstock production. At least three bioenergy feedstock production methods have been proposed for this region: 1) converting conventional timber stands to short-rotation bioenergy plantations; 2) harvesting feedstock by thinning conventional plantations; and 3) harvesting of woody debris residues after plantations have been clear-cut.</p> <p>3. We found that bioenergy-associated management practices including younger plantations (relative to older) and woody debris removal (relative to debris unremoved) in clear-cut plantations were associated with reduced bee diversity. Removing ground debris in clear-cut plantations also drastically increased bee abundance, though this effect was largely driven by strong dominance of just two bee species. Clear-cut plantations had lower beta diversity than standing plantations.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Management practices associated with bioenergy feedstock production can have negative effects on bee community diversity. In particular, harvesting of debris in clear-cut plantations dramatically reduces bee diversity. Large-scale bioenergy feedstock production that increases the prevalence of young and clear-cut stands may cause landscape-level beta diversity to decline. Nevertheless, bioenergy pine plantations likely support higher bee diversity than corn fields, an alternative bioenergy feedstock.</p>
Bat community response to intensification of biomass production for bioenergy across the southeastern United States
Human demand for food, fiber, and space is accelerating the rate of change of land cover and land use. Much of the world now consists of a matrix of natural forests, managed forests, agricultural cropland, and urbanized plots. Expansion of domestic energy production efforts in the United States is one driver predicted to influence future land-use and land management practices across large spatial scales. Favorable growing conditions make the southeastern United States an ideal location for producing a large portion of the country's renewable bioenergy. We investigated patterns of bat occurrence in two bioenergy feedstocks commonly grown in this region (corn, Zea mays, and pine, Pinus taeda and P. elliottii). We also evaluated potential impacts of the three major pathways of woody biomass extraction (residue removal following clearcut harvest, short-rotation energy plantations, and mid-rotation forest thinning) to bat occurrence through a priori land-use contrasts. We acoustically sampled bat vocalizations at 84 sites in the Southeastern Plains and Southern Coastal Plains of the southeastern United States across three years. We found that mid-rotation thinning resulted in positive effects on bat occurrence, and potential conversion of unmanaged (reference) forest to managed forest for timber and/or bioenergy harvest resulted in negative effects on bat occurrence when effects were averaged across all species. The effects of short-rotation energy plantations, removal of logging residues from plantation clearcuts, and corn were equivocal for all bat species examined. Our results suggest that accelerated production of biomass for energy production through either corn or intensively managed pine forests is not likely to have an adverse effect on bat communities, so long as existing older unmanaged forests are not converted to managed bioenergy or timber plantations. Beyond bioenergy crop production, mid-rotation thinning of even-aged pine stands intended for timber production, increases to the duration of plantation rotations to promote older forest stands, arranging forest stands and crop fields to maximize edge habitat, and maintaining unmanaged forests could benefit bat communities by augmenting roosting and foraging opportunities.
Converting conventional agriculture to poplar bioenergy crops: soil chemistry
<p>Woody bioenergy is a viable source of alternative energy; however, questions remain on how purpose-grown bioenergy feedstock production management impact surface soil chemistry. In order to understand the soil processes under poplar (<i>Populus spp.</i>) trees and adjacent agricultural sites, surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from four northwestern United States locations over a four-year period. Initial and final surface soil samples were analyzed for various soil chemical parameters, including organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient concentrations. Fields selected to compare poplar and agricultural management initially differed in some key soil chemical parameters. Many soil chemical parameters changed over time and the magnitude of change often depended on location; however, initial differences between management types within any one location did not change over time for most soil chemical variables. Consistent in-location differences between management types over time show poplar did not alter soil chemical parameters relative to agricultural management during the study period. Together all observations indicate that little of the overall soil chemistry was impacted by introduction of poplar in the traditionally agricultural fields.</p>
Data from: Nitrous oxide emissions during establishment of eight alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central United States
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils are a key sustainability metric of cropping systems. During crop establishment, disruptive land-use change is known to be a critical, but under reported period, for determining GHG emissions. We measured soil N2O emissions and potential environmental drivers of these fluxes from a three-year establishment-phase bioenergy cropping systems experiment replicated in southcentral Wisconsin (ARL) and southwestern Michigan (KBS). Cropping systems treatments were annual monocultures (continuous corn, corn–soybean–canola rotation), perennial monocultures (switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar), and perennial polycultures (native grass mixture, early successional community, and restored prairie) all grown using best management practices specific to the system. Cumulative three-year N2O emissions from annuals were 142% higher than from perennials, with fertilized perennials 190% higher than unfertilized perennials. Emissions ranged from 3.1 to 19.1 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for the annuals with continuous corn > corn–soybean–canola rotation and 1.1 to 6.3 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for perennials. Nitrous oxide peak fluxes typically were associated with precipitation events that closely followed fertilization. Bayesian modeling of N2O fluxes based on measured environmental factors explained 33% of variability across all systems. Models trained on single systems performed well in most monocultures (e.g., R2 = 0.52 for poplar) but notably worse in polycultures (e.g., R2 = 0.17 for early successional, R2 = 0.06 for restored prairie), indicating that simulation models that include N2O emissions should be parameterized specific to particular plant communities. Our results indicate that perennial bioenergy crops in their establishment phase emit less N2O than annual crops, especially when not fertilized. These findings should be considered further alongside yield and other metrics contributing to important ecosystem services.
Bioenergy cropping systems shape ant community composition and functional roles
<p>R code and partial data for Haan, Helms, & Landis 2023, Bioenergy cropping systems shape ant community composition and functional roles, to be published in Frontiers in Conservation Science. The ant species list we use to generate the species matrix was uploaded previously (10.5281/zenodo.8215581) in association with another manuscript (Haan et al. 2023, Science Advances, Contrasting effects of bioenergy crops on biodiversity). Therefore here we include a small table with trait information for each species along with the R code used specifically for this manuscript.</p>
Data from: Soil phosphorus drawdown by perennial bioenergy cropping systems in the Midwestern US
<p>Without fertilization, harvest of perennial bioenergy cropping systems diminishes soil nutrient stocks, yet the time course of nutrient drawdown has not often been investigated. We analyzed phosphorus (P) inputs (fertilization and atmospheric deposition) and outputs (harvest and leaching losses) over seven years in three representative biomass crops—switchgrass (<em>Panicum</em> <em>virgatum</em> L.), miscanthus (<em>Miscanthus</em> X <em>giganteus</em>) and hybrid poplar trees (<em>Populus</em> <em>nigra</em> X <em>P</em>. <em>maximowiczii</em>) – as well as in no-till corn (maize; <em>Zea</em> <em>mays</em> L.) for comparison, all planted on former cropland in SW Michigan, USA. Only corn received P fertilizer. Corn (grain and stover), switchgrass, and miscanthus were harvested annually, while poplar was harvested after six years. Soil test P (STP; Bray-1 method) was measured in the upper 25 cm of soil annually. Harvest P removal was calculated from tissue P concentration and harvest yield (or annual woody biomass accrual in poplar). Leaching was estimated as total dissolved P concentration in soil solutions sampled beneath the rooting depth (1.25 m), combined with hydrological modeling. Fertilization and harvest were by far the dominant P budget terms for corn, and harvest P removal dominated the P budgets in switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar, while atmospheric deposition and leaching losses were comparatively insignificant. Because of significant P removal by harvest, the P balances of switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar were negative and corresponded with decreasing STP, whereas P fertilization compensated for the harvest P removal in corn, resulting in a positive P balance. Results indicate that perennial crop harvest without P fertilization removed legacy P from soils, and continued harvest will soon draw P down to limiting levels, even in soils once heavily P-fertilized. Widespread cultivation of bioenergy crops may therefore alter P balances in agricultural landscapes, eventually requiring P fertilization, which could be supplied by P recovery from harvested biomass.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.