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7 results for “Biogenic Silica”
Vertical profiles of in-situ biogenic silica (bSi) from discrete rosette bottle samples from CCE-LTER starting with cruise P1706.
Samples are taken at discrete depths from rosette bottles in the California Current Ecosystem and measured for biogenic silica (bSi) concentration to create bSi depth profiles. Diatom community and physiology affect biogenic silica concentration. These data are being used to investigate the effects of Fe limitation on carbon and silica cycling in the CCE.
Data from: Biogenic silica accumulation varies across tussock tundra plant functional type
1. Silica (SiO2) accumulation by terrestrial vegetation is an important component of the biological silica cycle because it improves overall plant fitness and influences export rates of silica from terrestrial to marine systems. However, most research on silica in plants has focused on agricultural and forested ecosystems, and knowledge of terrestrial silica cycling in the Arctic, as well as the potential impacts of climate change on the silica cycle is severely lacking. 2. We quantified biogenic silica (BSi) accumulation in above and belowground portions of three moist acidic tundra (MAT) sites spanning a 300 km latitudinal gradient in central and northern Alaska, USA. We also examined plant silica accumulation across three main tundra types found in the Arctic (MAT, moist non-acidic tundra (MNT), and wet sedge tundra (WST)). 3. BSi concentrations in live Eriophorum vaginatum, a tussock-forming sedge that is the foundation species of tussock tundra, were not significantly (p<0.05) different across the three main sites. Concentrations of BSi in live aboveground tissue were highest in the graminoid species (0.55 ± 0.07 % BSi in sedges from WST, and 0.27 ± 0.01% in E. vaginatum across the three MAT sites). Both inter-tussock tundra species and shrubs contained substantially lower BSi concentrations than E. vaginatum. 4. Our results have implications for how shifts in vegetation cover associated with climatic warming may alter silica storage in tussock tundra vegetation. Our calculations suggest that shrub expansion via warming will increase BSi storage in Arctic land plants due to the higher biomass associated with shrub tundra, whereas conversion of tussock tundra to WST via permafrost thaw would produce the opposite effect in the terrestrial plant BSi pool. Such changes in the size of the terrestrial vegetation silica reservoir could have direct consequences for the rates and timing of silica delivery to receiving waters in the Arctic.
Data from: Biogenic silica accumulation varies across tussock tundra plant functional type
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Sediment chlorophyll-a, pheophytin, biogenic silica, and carbohydrate content (EPS) from the Rowley River mudflat in September 2012, Rowley, MA
Tidal flats are critical components of coastal estuarine ecosystems characterized by high rates of benthic primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling. In order to investigate the impact of anthropogenic nutrient loading on tidal flat biogeochemistry we carried out a two-week fertilization experiment. Throughout the course of the study we conducted two light-dark, whole-core incubations and took measurements of three indicators of microphytobenthos activity in addition to quantifying the resident eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) population.
Excess 210Pb, 137C, total organic carbon content, HBI biomarkers (IPSO25, HBI III) and biogenic silica of marine deposits from sediment core 2018_R2_2F from Sheldon Cove, Antarctic Peninsula
<p><strong>Description</strong>: Sediment core 2018_R2_2F was collected from Sheldon Cove, Antarctic Peninsula (67.55°S 68.27°W) from a water depth of 177 m, in December 2018 as part of expedition JR18003 by the British Antarctic Survey aboard RV James Clark Ross (Sands et al. 2019). Total core length was 25 cm. The dataset presented here consists of: gamma spectrometry measurements of excess 210Pb (calculated as a difference between the total 210Pb and the average of 214Pb and 214Bi) and 137Cs; total organic carbon (TOC) content; biogenic silica (BSi) content; and HBI biomarker (IPSO25, HBI III) concentrations. The excess 210Pb and 137Cs were measured at the Institute of Geology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland, using a gamma detector Canberra BE3830, cooled with cryostat Cryo-Pulse®5 plus. The detector is placed in 10 cm thick lead shield walls and is equipped with a remote detector chamber option (RDC-6 inches) for low energy background reduction. The detector was commercially characterized by ISOCS (In-Situ Object Calibration Software) and LabSOCS (Laboratory Sourceless Object Calibration Software). Efficiencies for measured geometries were determined using LabSOCS code applying all corrections for sample geometry, matrix, and container type, and were verified with IAEA standards measurements. The results (spectra) were analyzed in Canberra GENIE-2000 v. 3.3 gamma spectrometry software and are presented with 2-sigma uncertainty ranges (Szczuciński, submitted). TOC concentrations (given in %) were measured at the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Poland, using an Eltra CS-500 IRanalyzer with a Total Inorganic Carbon module according to the procedure described in Racka et al. (2010). TOC was calculated as the difference between TC (total carbon) and TIC (total inorganic carbon). Each TOC sample was analysed in duplicate. Analytical precision and accuracy were better than ±2% for TC and ±3% for TIC. HBI biomarker preparation and analysis followed slightly modified (Pieńkowski et al. 2021) standard protocols (Belt 2012). HBI concentrations are given per weight of sediment (ng/g sed), and organic carbon content (μg/g OC) (Belt et al. 2012). Biogenic (opaline) silica (BSi) analysis on dried, homogenised samples followed Heiri et al. (2001) and Bechtel et al. (2007). Each BSi and TOC sample was analysed in duplicate; values are given in %. BSi and TOC standard deviation calculations are based on data from the replication.</p> <p><strong>References</strong> <br><br>* Bechtel, A., Woszczyk, M., Reischenbacher, D., Sachsenhoffer, R., Gratzer, R., Püttmann, W. Spychalski, W., 2007: Biomarkers and geochemical indicators of Holocene environmental changes in Lake Sarbsko (Poland). Org. Geoch. 38, 1112–1131. <br>* Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Navarro Rodriguez, A., Cabedo Sanz, P., Tonkin, A., Ingle, R. 2012. A reproducible method for the extraction, identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP25 from marine sediments. Anal. Methods 4, 705-713. <br>* Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F., Lemcke, G., 2001. Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproducibility and comparability of results. J. Paleolimnol. 25, 101-110. <br>* Pieńkowski, A.J., Husum, K., Belt, S.T., Ninnemann, U., Köseoğlu, D., Divine, D.V., Smik, L., Knies, J., Hogan, K., Noormets, R. 2021. Seasonal sea ice persisted through the Holocene Thermal Maximum at 80°N. Commun. Earth Environ. 2, 124. <br>* Racka, M., Marynowski, L., Filipiak, P., Sobstel, M., Pisarzowska, A., Bond, D.P.G., 2010: Anoxic Annulata events in the Late Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Southern Poland): geochemical and palaeontological record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297(3-4), 549-575. <br>* Sands, C.J., Annett, A., Apeland, B., Barnes, D.K.A, Bascur, M., Bruning, P., Costa, M., Dadd, G., De Lecea, A., Ensor, N., Featherstone, A., Flint, G., Goodger, D., Guzzi, A., Howard, F., Hunter, D., Jenkins, S., Kender, S., Lincoln, B., Munoz-Ramirez C., Pienkowski, A., Retallick, K., Roman-Gonzalez, A., Scourse, J., Sheen, K., Whitaker, T., Williams, J., Zhao, L., Zwerschke, N., 2019: JR18003 Cruise Report. British Antarctic Survey, 132 pp. <br>* Szczuciński, W. (submitted): Applications of gamma-emitting isotopes (210Pb and 137Cs) for assessment of sedimentary processes – insights from studies of lake, deltaic and continental shelf deposits. <br><br><strong>Projects</strong> <br><br>* CHARME: CHanging AntaRctic Marine Environments, <strong>Web</strong>: <a title="Follow link" href="https://charme.amu.edu.pl/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://charme.amu.edu.pl/</a>, <strong>Award</strong>: Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, UMO-2020/37/K/ST10/04127 <br><br><strong>File descriptions</strong>: Excel file with all data, as well as core details (coordinates and water depth).</p> <p><strong>Comment</strong>: This dataset is related to the following article which has been accepted for publication:</p> <p>Pieńkowski, Anna J.; Szczuciński, Witold; Breszka, Agnieszka; Chyleński, Maciej; Juras, Anna; Romel, Paulina; Rozwalak, Piotr; Trzebny, Artur; Dabert, Mirosława; Belt, Simon; Jagodziński, Robert; Smik, Lukas; Włodarski, Wojciech. Sedimentary ancient DNA and HBI biomarkers as sea-ice indicators: a complementary approach in Antarctic fjord environments. Limnology Oceanography Letters. doi: 10.1002/lol2.10395</p>
Biogenic silica standing stock and its rate of production and export in the offshore Southern California Current Ecosystem, 2011 - 2016
Here we report the complete results of a study on the cycling of biogenic silica (bSiO2) during the P1106 CCE Long Term Ecological Research process cruise examining process related to offshore fronts. Concentrations of bSiO2 varied by 25-fold across the front, with concentrations in frontal waters 20–25% of those in coastal waters. Rates of biogenic silica production spanned an equally large range, with rates within the frontal region that were half those in the coastal regions. The results suggest that the regions of frontal interactions between eddies in the southern CCE can account for variability in diatom biomass, productivity and export over very short spatial scales that is comparable to the variability observed across the Pacific basin.
Fine root biogenic silica in sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum) on soil freezing and control plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
This dataset presents biogenic silica (BSi) concentrations in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) fine roots collected from a snow manipulation experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (New Hampshire, USA). BSi data are reported as percent dry biomass. The samples were collected from control and treatment plots in April 2009, May 2009, and April through July 2010. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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