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23 results for “Biogeographic boundary”
Figs 2‒5. Biogeographic boundaries and the Central Asian deserts. 2 in Can biogeography help bumblebee conservation?
Figs 2‒5. Biogeographic boundaries and the Central Asian deserts. 2. Principal faunal (biogeographic) regions world-wide derived directly from bumblebee data, include an Oriental Region (1, black), a Southeast Asian Region (2, light grey), a Palaearctic Region (3, dark grey), a North American Region, (4, mid grey), a Mesoamerican Region (5, light grey), an Andean Region (6, dark grey), and a Lowland South American Region (7, light grey). Principal faunal regions are identified from grid-cell bumblebee faunas (Fig. 1) using the TWINSPAN procedure that combines ordination with classification (Williams 1996, data updated). Background map as in Fig. 1. 3. One of the most marked transition zones between bumblebee faunas globally (in orange) corresponds to the arid zone of the Central Asian deserts (the centre of this arid belt is traced by the dotted black line). The map scores measure the differences in species composition among bumblebee faunas within neighbourhoods of grid cells (Fig. 1) using the β-3 spatial turnover index (Williams 1996; Williams et al. 2022b). Background map and colour scale as in Fig. 1. 4. Image of Asia based on satellite images shows wet (green) and arid (yellow) regions, with the Central Asian desert belt, its centre traced out with a dotted red line (cf. Fig. 3). Image (without line) from GoogleEarth. 5. Searching for bumblebees across the Central Asian arid belt of Inner Mongolia with Huang Jiaxing – in the northern wooded/grassland edge zones finding some old favourites from Europe, including Bombus distinguendus Morawitz, 1869, B. subterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758), B. consobrinus Dahlbom, 1832, B. muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758), B. humilis Illiger, 1806, B. pascuorum (Scopoli, 1763), B. lucorum (Linnaeus, 1761) and B. cryptarum (Fabricius, 1775), as well as some striking local species in the desert-edge zones (north and south), such as B. sibiricus (Fabricius, 1781) and the large B. amurensis Radoszkowski, 1862, but finding no bumblebees here nearer the middle (An et al. 2014; Williams et al. 2017a).
Data from: Projected impacts of warming seas on commercially fished species at a biogeographic boundary of the European continental shelf
<p>1. Projecting the future effects of climate change on marine fished populations can help prepare the fishing industry and management systems for resulting ecological, social and economic changes. Generating projections using multiple climate scenarios can provide valuable insights for fisheries stakeholders regarding uncertainty arising from future climate data.</p> <p>2. Using a range of climate projections based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, we modelled abundance of eight commercially important bottom dwelling fish species across the Celtic Sea, English Channel and southern North Sea through the 21<sup>st</sup> century. This region spans a faunal boundary between cooler northern waters and warmer southern waters, where mean sea surface temperatures are projected to rise by 2 to 4ºC by 2098.</p> <p>3. For each species, Generalised Additive Models were trained on spatially explicit abundance data from six surveys between 2001 and 2010. Annual and seasonal temperatures were key drivers of species abundance patterns. Models were used to project species abundance for each decade through to 2090.</p> <p>4. Projections suggest important future changes in the availability and catchability of fish species, with projected increases in abundance of red mullet (<i>Mullus surmuletus</i> L.), Dover sole (<i>Solea solea </i>L.), John dory (<i>Zeus faber</i> L.) and lemon sole (<i>Microstomus kitt</i> L.) and decreases in abundance of Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.), anglerfish (<i>Lophius piscatorius</i> L.) and megrim (<i>Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis</i> L.). European plaice (<i>Pleuronectes platessa </i>L.) appeared less affected by projected temperature changes. Most projected abundance responses were comparable among climate projections, but uncertainty in the rate and magnitude of changes often increased substantially beyond 2040.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. These results indicate potential risks as well as some opportunities for demersal fisheries under climate change. These changes will challenge current management systems, with implications for decisions on target fishing mortality rates, fishing effort and allowable catches. Increasingly flexible and adaptive approaches that reduce climate impacts on species while also supporting industry adaptation are required.</p>
Data from: Exploring patterns of beta-diversity to test the consistency of biogeographical boundaries: a case study across forest plant communities of Italy
Aim. To date, despite their great potential biogeographical regionalization models have been mostly developed on descriptive and empirical bases. This paper aims at applying the beta-diversity framework on a statistically representative data set to analytically test the consistency of the biogeographical regionalization of Italian forests. Location. Italy Taxon. Vascular plants Methods. Forest plant communities were surveyed in 804 plots made in a statistically representative sample of forest communities, made by 201 sites of Italian forests across the three biogeographical regions of the country: Alpine, Continental, and Mediterranean. We conducted an ordination analysis and an analysis of beta diversity, decomposing it into its turnover and nestedness components. Results. Our results provide only partial support to the consistency of the biogeographical regionalization of Italy. While the differences in forest plant communities support the distinction between the Alpine and the other two regions, differences between Continental and Mediterranean regions had lower statistical support. Pairwise beta-diversity and its turnover component are higher between- than within biogeographical regions. This suggests that different regional species pools contribute to assembly of local communities and that spatial distance between-regions has a stronger effect than that within-regions. Main conclusions. Our findings confirm a biogeographical structure of the species pools that is captured by the biogeographical regionalization. However, non-significant differences between the Mediterranean and Continental biogeographical regions suggest that this biogeographical regionalization is not consistent for forest plant communities. Our results demonstrate that an analytical evaluation of species composition differences among regions using beta-diversity analysis is a promising approach for testing the consistency of biogeographical regionalization models. This approach is recommended to provide support to the biogeographic regionalization used in some environmental conservation polices adopted by EU.
Evaluating the boundaries of marine biogeographic regions of the Southwestern Atlantic using halacarid mites (Halacaridae), meiobenthic organisms with a low dispersal potential
<p>Aim</p> <p>We evaluated traditional biogeographic boundaries of coastal marine regions in SW Atlantic using DNA sequence data from common, rocky-shore inhabiting, marine mites of the genera <i>Agauopsis</i> and <i>Rhombognathus,</i> family Halacaridae.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated geographic population genetic structure using CO1 gene sequences, estimated divergence times using a multigene dataset and absolute time-calibrated molecular clock analyses, and performed environmental niche modeling (ENM) of common marine mite species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><i>Agauopsis legionium</i> has a shallow history (2.01 Ma) with four geographically differentiated groups. Two of them corresponded to the traditional Amazonian and Northeastern ecoregions, but the boundary between the two other groups was inferred at the Abrolhos Plateau, not Cabo Frio. <i>Rhombognathus levigatoides </i>s. lat. was represented by two cryptic species that diverged 7.22 (multilocus data) or 10.01 Ma (CO1-only analyses), with their boundary, again at the Abrolhos Plateau. ENM showed that <i>A. legionium</i> has suitable habitats scattered along the coast, while the two <i>R. levigatoides </i>cryptic species differ considerably in their niches, especially in parameters related to upwelling. This indicates that genetic isolation associated with the Abrolhos Plateau occurred in both lineages, but for the <i>R. levigatoides </i>species complex, ecological niche specialization was also an important factor.</p> <p>Main conclusions</p> <p>Our study suggests that the major biogeographic boundary in the Southwestern Atlantic lies not at Cabo Frio but at the Abrolhos Plateau. There, two biogeographically relevant factors meet: (i) changes in current directions (which limit dispersal) and (ii) abrupt changes in environmental parameters associated with the South Atlantic Central Waters (SACW) upwelling (offering distinct ecological niches). We suggest that our result represents a general biogeographic pattern because a barrier at the Abrolhos Plateau was found previously for the fish genus <i>Macrodon </i>(phylogeographic data), prosobranch mollusks, ascidians, and reef fishes (community-level data).</p>
Data from: The hidden side of a major marine biogeographic boundary: a wide mosaic hybrid zone at the Atlantic–Mediterranean divide reveals the complex interaction between natural and genetic barriers in mussels
The Almeria-Oran Front (AOF) is a recognised hotspot of genetic differentiation in the sea. It is a barrier to dispersal and an ecological boundary, which explain the position of genetic breaks. However, the maintenance of genetic differentiation is likely reinforced by genetic barriers. A general drawback of previous studies is an insufficient density of sampling sites at the transition zone with a conspicuous lack of samples from the southern coastline. We analysed the genetic structure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis with ancestry-informative loci. We discovered a 600 km wide mosaic hybrid zone eastward of the AOF along the Algerian coasts. This mosaic zone provides a new twist to our understanding of the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition because it demonstrates the two lineages can live in sympatry but hardly interbreed. This implies some form of reproductive isolation must exist to maintain the two genetic backgrounds locally cohesive. The zone ends with an abrupt genetic shift at a barrier to dispersal in the Gulf of Bejaia. Simulations in models that account for hydrodynamic features of the region support the hypothesis that sister hybrid zones could have been differentially trapped at two alternative barriers to dispersal or environmental boundaries. A preponderantly unidirectional north-south gene flow next to the AOF can also maintain a patch of an intrinsically maintained genetic background in the south and the mosaic structure. Our results concur with the coupling hypothesis that suggests natural barriers mostly explain the position of genetic breaks while their maintenance must additionally require genetic barriers.
Supplementary material 3 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
List of voucher specimens of Chaenogobius annularis from quantitative surveys at rockpools on the eastern coasts of Kyushu : Explanation note: KPM-NI and KPM-NR indicates the number of the specimen and its photograph respectively.
Supplementary material 4 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
List of voucher specimens of Chaenogobius gulosus from quantitative surveys at rockpools on the eastern coasts of Kyushu : Explanation note: KPM-NI and KPM-NR indicates the number of the specimen and its photograph respectively.
Supplementary material 1 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
List of voucher specimens of Chaenogobius annularis for distribution records in south-east Kyushu by examination of museum collections : Explanation note: Lots of specimens ordered according to longitude. Number of KPM-NR indicates photographs of fresh specimens deposited in KPM.
Supplementary material 2 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
List of voucher specimens of Chaenogobius gulosus for distribution records in south-east Kyushu by examination of museum collection : Explanation note: Lots of specimen ordered according to longitude. Number of KPM-NR indicating photographs of fresh specimen deposited in KPM.
Evaluating the boundaries of marine biogeographic regions of the Southwestern Atlantic using halacarid mites (Halacaridae), meiobenthic organisms with a low dispersal potential
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Data from: Projected impacts of warming seas on commercially fished species at a biogeographic boundary of the European continental shelf
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Data from: RADseq analyses reveal concordant Indian Ocean biogeographic and phylogeographic boundaries in the reef fish Dascyllus trimaculatus
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Data from: The hidden side of a major marine biogeographic boundary: a wide mosaic hybrid zone at the Atlantic–Mediterranean divide reveals the complex interaction between natural and genetic barriers in mussels
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Data from: Exploring patterns of beta-diversity to test the consistency of biogeographical boundaries: a case study across forest plant communities of Italy
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Data from: Widespread misperception about a major East Asian biogeographic boundary exposed through bibliographic survey and biogeographic meta-analysis
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>The Watase line, a major biogeographic boundary between Palearctic and Oriental realms in East Asia, is generally drawn between Akuseki and Kodakara Islands of the Northern Ryukyu archipelago, Japan. However, no evidence can be found to support the positioning of the boundary between these two tiny volcanic islands. This study aimed to confirm whether and where the biogeographical boundary should be drawn.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>East Asia</p> <p><strong>Taxon </strong></p> <p>Land snail, ant, dragonfly, butterfly, amphibian, reptile, bird, plant</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>A bibliographic survey was carried out to revisit an original definition of the Watase line and its usage. Biogeographic and meta-analyses were also performed using a Simpson dissimilarity index calculated from published distribution data to test whether and where any biogeographic boundary exists. To ensure the validity of the study design, similar surveys and analyses were conducted in another region of Southern Ryukyu, where a reliable biogeographic boundary has been proposed as a positive control.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>The bibliographic survey showed that the Watase line had been described without specifying the precise position. No revised definition has been proposed for the boundary to date. Biogeographic analyses do not support the existence of a boundary between Akuseki and Kodakara Islands. Meanwhile, the presence of a boundary in Southern Ryukyu was endorsed by both the bibliographic survey and biogeographic analyses, supporting the validity of this study's design.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p> <p>This study revealed that the major biogeographic boundary is widely used with deviations from the original definition. Presumably, ideas based on inappropriate evidence, such as the distribution of a symbolic species and unpublished data, have been referred to without being questioned and led to the current widespread misunderstanding. Misunderstandings like these could occur at any biogeographic boundaries around the world, and thus, systematic reviews of all boundaries are needed for an appropriate understanding of biodiversity. </p>
Figure 5 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 5 Results of quantitative samplings in rockpools at four sites on the eastern coast of Kyushu, southern Japan. Solid bars and plots show mean density (error bars indicating standard error) and occurrence rates of each species of Chaenogobius (upper, C. annularis; lower, C. gulosus) at each site in the two seasons (left, spring; right, autumn) respectively. Abbreviations of the sites on the x-axis are as follows: Ot, Oita; N-My, N-Miyazaki, S-My, S-Miyazaki; TnI, Tanega-shima (these locality names correspond to those used in Fig. 3). Sample sizes, n = 5, except for Tanega-shima in autumn (n = 8).
Figure 4 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 4 Records (circles and a triangle) of Chaenogobius annularis (left) and C. gulosus (right) in south-east Kyushu, southern Japan, based on the examination of museum specimens (qualitative survey). A triangle indicating occurrence of C. gulosus in Tanega-shima Island by possible human-induced transportation.
Figure 3 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 3 Map showing the sampling sites in the present study (squares) and the site of a previous study (triangle, Yaku-shima Island: Murase 2013, 2015) for the quantitative survey in rock pools along the eastern coast of Kyushu, southern Japan.
Figure 1 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 1 Fresh specimens of the two species of Chaenogobius: A Chaenogobius annularis, KPM-NI 42850 (photo number, KPM-NR 179153), 52.7 mm SL, Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture B Chaenogobius gulosus, KPM-NI 42951 (KPM-NR 179221), 73.0 mm SL, Kadogawa Bay, Miyazaki Prefecture. Photos by A. Murase.
Figure 6 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 6 Images of juveniles of the two species of Chaenogobius on the coasts of Kyushu, southern Japan: A Chaenogobius annularis, fresh specimen, KPM-NI 42964 (photo number KPM-NR 179226), 17.6 mm SL, collected at rockpool environment in Usuki City, Oita Prefecture B Chaenogobius gulosus, fresh specimen, un-catalogued specimen (personal collection number, UMNB-I 3941), 19.2 mm SL, collected with seine net at a small beach in Totoro Port, Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture, April 2017 C Chaenogobius gulosus, swimming individuals in Tomioka Port, Reihoku Town, Amakusa, Kumamoto Prefecture, May 2017. Photos by A. Murase.
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