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22 results for “Biomass removal”
Biomass removal at the initiation of a biodiversity experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in 1995
This dataset contains data on vegetation biomass removed from treatment plots during the establishment of a biodiversity experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. In fall of 1995, various combinations of plant functional groups or species were experimentally removed from 25 x 25 meter plots with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. Eight different treatments were established with selective removal of species or functional groups: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. The amount of plant material removed during the establishment of these treatments was recorded for later use as covariate or measure of disturbance. Removed fresh material was weighed in the field by species, then converted to dry mass using a subset of removed plot vegetation that was oven-dried and weighed in the lab. Variables in this file summarize the dry mass of plants removed by growth form (functional group, i.e. shrub, subshrub, perennial grass, succulent), and by total live dry mass, for each plot in the biodiversity experiment. Also provided are masses of dead material collected from plots (same groups as live material removed for each treatment) and total dry mass, live plus dead. Species-level data are available upo
Macrophyte and microbial mat biomass co-variation along a hydrologic gradient and response to a removal experiment in temporary wetlands Everglades, FL, USA, February 2003 – November 2006
This data package encompasses hydrologic variables, soil depth, hydrologically-regulated macrophyte community types, macrophyte biomass and community structure, and microbial mat biomass that was collected in two observational surveys and one in-situ experimental manipulation in six temporary wetland regions located in the Everglades, FL, USA. The goal of this project was to examine the co-variation in macrophyte and microbial mat biomass along the hydrologic gradient present across wetland regions and to determine the type and strength of interactions occurring between the two communities, which was tested using a biomass (macrophyte or microbial mat) removal experiment. The census observational survey took place at 140 sites from 2003-04-09 to 2004-05-26, which were randomly distributed across the hydrologic gradient present across the six temporary wetland regions. The transect observational survey occurred along six transects and each was deliberately established along the present hydrologic gradient within each region; a total of 254 sites were sampled from 2003-02-19 to 2005-03-04. The experiment took place at three temporary wetland sites with contrasting hydroperiods (3 – 6 months), and four transects were established per site with 24 pairs of control and treatment plots per transect. The removal treatment occurred one year before data collection, and data collection occurred from 2004-06-20 to 2006-11-25. The package includes six datasets, one R code file, and two shape files associated with the R code. Data collection for all datasets is complete. FCE1274_Census_Survey includes hydrologically-regulated macrophyte community type classifications, macrophyte biomass, microbial mat ash-free dry mass, mean soil depth, water depth, mean annual hydroperiod, and vegetation-inferred hydroperiod; each site was sampled once during the survey period and a subset of sites were sampled each year. FCE1274_Transect_Survey includes macrophyte community type classifications
Plant species cover and biomass for Sevilleta dominant species removal experiment.
The purpose of this research project was to connect the removal of dominant grass species in grasslands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge to changes in plant community composition and subsequent changes in aboveground biomass. We used species cover data for 23 years of a dominant species removal experiment (https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/fd3c777524231ae245bf1916715c9140) and converted percent cover values to aboveground standing biomass using methods from Rudgers et al. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13463). For this project, only two sites from the original study were used blue grama (site 1) and black grama (site 3) as they are referred to in the original study.
SBC LTER: Reef: Long-term experiment: Kelp removal: Detritus biomass
These data describe the abundance of macroalgal detritus (grams wet mass m-2) within permanent plots of a long-term experiment designed to examine trajectories of change in the structure and productivity of kelp forest communities in response to changes in the frequency and severity of disturbance to giant kelp. Detritus was collected in six permanent 1 m2 quadrats positioned uniformly along 40 m transects in each sampling plot. Macroalgal detritus is not collected in plots of the continual kelp removal treatment. Sample collections were brought back to the laboratory, identified to species and weighed wet. The experiment was initiated in 2008 at five reef sites along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel and included an annual kelp removal treatment designed to simulate increases in the frequency and severity of winter wave disturbance and a continual kelp removal treatment that allowed the effects of giant kelp on the community to be evaluated. The last experimental removals of giant kelp occurred in winter 2016 or winter 2017, depending on the site. Data collection continued in all plots until spring 2023 to document the recovery trajectory of the reef fish community following the cessation of experimental kelp removal.
Resource use strategies, resistance and tolerance to aerial biomass removal in Argentina mid-west native plants
<p>Dataset of the PhD Thesis from Lucas D. Gorné:<br> - Gorné LD. 2018. Estrategias de uso de recursos, resistencia y tolerancia a la remoción de biomasa aérea en plantas nativas del centro-oeste de Argentina. Tesis del Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Córdoba, Argentina. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/87925.</p>
DATASET: Evaluation of sorbents for high temperature removal of tars, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride and ammonia from biomass-derived syngas by using Aspen Plus
<p>Effect of S/B ratio on syngas; Effect of temperature on syngas; sensitivity analysis of H2S concentration respect to steam content in syngas; sensitivity analysis of H2S concentration respect to temperature.</p>
Shell biomass material supported nano-zero valent iron to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ in water
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) has a high adsorption capacity for heavy metals, but easily forms aggregates. Herein, preprocessed undulating venus shell (UVS) is used as support material to prevent NZVI from reuniting. The SEM and TEM results show that UVS had a porous layered structure and NZVI particles were evenly distributed on the UVS surface. A large number of adsorption sites on the surface of UVS-NZVI are confirmed by IR and XRD. UVS-NZVI is utilized for adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ at pH=6 in aqueous solution, and the experimental adsorption capacities are 29.91 mg•g-1 and 38.99 mg•g-1 at optimal pH, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicate that the adsorption of ions by UVS-NZVI is more in line with the Langmuir model when Pb2+ or Cd2+ existed alone. For the mixed solution of Pb2+ and Cd2+, only the adsorption of Pb2+ by UVS-NZVI conforms to the Langmuir model. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacities of UVS-NZVI for Pb2+ and Cd2+ are 93.01 mg•g-1 and 46.07 mg•g-1.Kinetic studies demonstrate that the determination coefficients (R2) of the pseudo first-order kinetic model for UVS-NZVI adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ are higher than those of the pseudo second-order kinetic model and Elovich kinetic model. Highly efficient performance for metal removal makes UVS-NZVI show potential application to heavy metal ion adsorption.
Integrating perennial biomass crops into crop rotations: How to remove miscanthus and switchgrass without glyphosate
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Perennial energy grasses have gained attention in recent years as a promising resource for the bioeconomy because of their benign environmental profile, high stress tolerance, high biomass yields and low input requirements. Currently, strong breeding efforts are being made to extend the range of commercially available miscanthus and switchgrass genotypes. In order to foster farmers' acceptance of these crops, and especially of novel hybrids, more information is required about how they can be efficiently integrated into cropping rotations, how they can be removed at the end of their productive lifespan, and what effect they have on subsequently grown crops. Farmers in Europe are meanwhile increasingly constrained in the methods available to them to remove these crops, and there is a risk that the herbicide glyphosate, which has been used in many studies to remove them, will be banned in coming years. This study looks at the removal of seven-year-old stands of miscanthus and switchgrass over one year at an experimental site in Southern-Germany. Three novel miscanthus genotypes were studied, alongside one variety of switchgrass, and the impact of each crop's removal on the yield of maize grown as a follow-on crop was examined. A combination of soil tillage and grass herbicides for maize cultivation was successful in controlling miscanthus regrowth, such that yields of maize grown after miscanthus did not differ significantly from yields of maize grown in monoculture rotation (18.1 t dry biomass ha<sup>-1</sup>). Yields of maize grown after switchgrass (14.4 t dry biomass ha<sup>-1</sup>) were significantly lower than maize in monoculture rotation caused by insufficient control of switchgrass regrowth by the applied maize herbicide. Although some regrowth of miscanthus and switchgrass was observed in the follow-on crop maize, complete eradication of both crops was achieved by subsequent winter wheat cultivation.</span></p>
Shell biomass material supported nano-zero valent iron to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ in water
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Integrating perennial biomass crops into crop rotations: How to remove miscanthus and switchgrass without glyphosate
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Plant aboveground biomass data: Grasshopper removals
This experiment is designed to examine the effect of removing particular grasshopper species from a community with natural (uncaged) grasshopper densities. During the summer, beginning in 1991, grasshoppers are removed from forty, 2m x 4m plots in Field B, macroplot #6, according to the following 8 treatments: (1) No grasshoppers removed, (2) All grasshoppers removed, (3) All early season grasshopper species removed (Pardalophora apiculata and Arphia conspersa), (4) All late season grasshopper species removed (Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Phoetaliotes nebrascensis, conocephalus sp. + others present), (5) Melanoplus femur-rubrum removed, (6) Phoetaliotes nebrascensis removed, (7) Conocephalus sp. removed, (8) All late season grasshopper species with an average mass greater than 0.5g are removed. Grasshopper removals will occur once a week from June1- September 7. Grasshopper abundances will be sampled by capturing all individuals in a plot in late June and late August. Vegetation will be sampled in August by clipping 10cm x 1.5m strips from within each plot, drying and weighing green vegetation sorted to species. Soil solution concentrations of ammonium and nitrate will be determined in September from two soil samples from each plot. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte90.
Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
Many old-growth lowland tropical rain forests are potentially nutrient limited, and it has long been thought that many such forests maintain growth by recycling nutrients from decomposing litter. We investigated this by continuously removing (for ten years) freshly fallen litter from five (45 m x 45 m) plots, adding it to five other plots, there were five controls. From monthly measures over one year we show that litter removal caused lower: fine root (≤2 mm diameter) standing mass, fine root standing length, fine root length production and fine root length survivorship. Litter addition did not significantly change fine root mass or length or production. Nutrient concentrations in fine roots in litter removal plots were lower than those in controls for nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), concentrations in fine roots in litter addition plots were higher for N and Ca. Chronic litter removal has resulted in reduced forest growth due to lack of nutrients, probably nitrogen. Conversely, long-term litter addition has had fewer effects.
Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
<p>The interplay between top-down and bottom-up processes determines ecosystem productivity. Yet, the factors that mediate the balance between these opposing forces remain poorly understood. Furthering this challenge, complex and often cryptic factors like ecosystem engineering and trait-mediated interactions may play major roles in mediating the outcomes of top-down and bottom-up interactions. In semi-arid grasslands of northeastern China, we conducted a large-scale, three-year experiment to evaluate how soil engineering by ants and plasticity in plants independently and jointly influenced the top-down effects of grazing by a ubiquitous herbivore (cattle) on aboveground standing biomass of the dominant perennial grass, <i><span>Leymus chinensis</span></i>. Herbivory had strong top-down effects, reducing <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i> AB by 25% relative to baseline levels without cattle or ants. In contrast, soil engineering by ants facilitated weak bottom-up effects in the absence of herbivory. However, in the presence of herbivory, soil engineering effects were strong enough to fully offset herbivore removal of aboveground biomass. This outcome was mediated by <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i>'s plasticity in reallocating growth from below- to aboveground biomass, a result linked to additive effects of engineers and herbivores increasing soil N availability and engineering effects improving soil structure. Soil engineering increased soil N by 12%, promoting aboveground biomass. Herbivores increased soil N by 13% via defecation, but this increase failed to offset their reductions in aboveground biomass in isolation. However, when combined, engineers and herbivores increased soil N by 26% and engineers improved soil bulk density, facilitating <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i> to shift resource allocations from below- to aboveground biomass sufficiently to fully offset herbivore suppression of aboveground biomass. Our results demonstrate that soil engineering and trait-mediated effects of plant plasticity can strongly mediate the outcome of top-down and bottom-up interactions. These cryptic but perhaps ubiquitous processes may help to explain the long-debated phenomenon of plant compensatory responses to large grazers. </p>
Removing climbers more than doubles tree growth and biomass in degraded tropical forests
<p>Huge areas of tropical forests are degraded, reducing their biodiversity, carbon, and timber value. The recovery of these degraded forests can be significantly inhibited by climbing plants such as lianas. Removal of super-abundant climbers thus represents a restoration action with huge potential for application across the tropics. While experimental studies largely report positive impacts of climber removal on tree growth and biomass accumulation, the efficacy of climber removal varies widely, with high uncertainty as to where and how to apply the technique. Using meta-analytic techniques, we synthesise results from 26 studies to quantify the efficacy of climber removal for promoting tree growth and biomass accumulation. We find that climber removal increases tree growth by 156% and biomass accumulation by 209% compared to untreated forest, and that efficacy remains for at least 19 years. Extrapolating from these results, climber removal could sequester an additional 32 Gigatons of CO<sub>2</sub> over 10 years, at low cost, across regrowth and production forests. Our analysis also revealed that climber removal studies are concentrated in the Neotropics (N=22), relative to Africa (N=2) and Asia (N=2), preventing our study from assessing the influence of region on removal efficacy. While we found some evidence that enhancement of tree growth and AGB accumulation varies across disturbance context and removal method, but not across climate, the number and geographical distribution of studies limits the strength of these conclusions. Climber removal could contribute significantly to reducing global carbon emissions and enhancing the timber and biomass stocks of degraded forests, ultimately protecting them from conversion. However, we urgently need to assess the efficacy of removal outside the Neotropics and consider the potential negative consequences of climber removal under drought conditions and for biodiversity.</p>
Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
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Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
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Data from: Plant communities, populations and individuals have distinct responses to short-term warming and neighbour biomass removal in two montane grasslands
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Removing climbers more than doubles tree growth and biomass in degraded tropical forests
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Tree regeneration after fire: Aspen removal experiment, Aspen stem numbers, biomass and canopy height
This research was intended to address the general question of whether asexual stem regeneration of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) reduces rates of establishment and growth of potential invading conifer species during the initial years following fire. Interactions between aspen and conifers were studied under natural conditions in a burned aspen stand with a high potential for aspen re-sprouting. The study contributes to our understanding of whether competitive interactions between tree seedlings are likely to help maintain deciduous stands across disturbance cycles by reducing the potential for successful conifer establishment. Includes measurements of aspen stem numbers, biomass and canopy height in clipped and control plots, for samples in 2000 (start of the experiment) and 2002 (experiment harvest on August 16, 2002).
Tree regeneration after fire: Aspen removal experiment, aboveground biomass of seedlings from sown seed
This research was intended to address the general question of whether asexual stem regeneration of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) reduces rates of establishment and growth of potential invading conifer species during the initial years following fire. Interactions between aspen and conifers were studied under natural conditions in a burned aspen stand with a high potential for aspen re-sprouting. The study contributes to our understanding of whether competitive interactions between tree seedlings are likely to help maintain deciduous stands across disturbance cycles by reducing the potential for successful conifer establishment. Data are total aboveground biomass (g dry weight) of seedlings derived from sown seed (leaves and stems combined). Values are averages of all seedlings in a plot. In control plots, BS and WS were pooled (indicated as SPR).
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