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42 results for “Birdsong”
Birdsong NOIZEUS: Bioacoustics noise reduction benchmark dataset
<p>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Birdsong noizeus dataset<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Authors: Tim Sainburg & Asaf Zorea<br>Year: 2024</p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>General information<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>- There are 5 recordings from each of 14 individuals (European starlings) recorded in an acoustically isolated chamber. <br>- For each song, we apply noise at 5 SNR levels (0dB, 5dB, 10dB, 15dB). <br>- There are 8 noise types, each taken from a single noise clip from the "Soundscapes from around the world" dataset.<br>- They are "rain", "town", "wind", "waterfall", "insect", "swamp" "frogscape", "forest"<br>- Each soundscape contains multiple noise sources. <br>- Noise levels were estimated using the pyloudnorm software (Steinmetz et al., 2021)<br>- Audio is provided as waveforms at 44100 samplerate</p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Data format<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>- clean<br> - {bird_name}_{timestamp}.wav<br>- noisy<br> - {snr}dB<br> - {bird_name}_{timestamp}_{noise_category}_{snr}.wav<br>- noise_sample<br> - {snr}dB<br> - {bird_name}_{timestamp}_{noise_category}_{snr}.wav</p> <p>`clean` contains the original clean audio.<br>`noisy` contains the song+noise<br>`noise_sample` contains a 1-second sample of noise only. </p> <p>Timestamp is in the format YYYY-MM-DD_HH-MM-SS-MILLISECONDS and refers to the time that the song was recorded. </p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>Data sources<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Birdsong<br>---------<br>Birdsong are acoustically isolated songs from 14 European Starlings<br>https://zenodo.org/records/3237218</p> <p>Citation: <br>Arneodo, Z., Sainburg, T., Jeanne, J., & Gentner, T. (2019). An acoustically isolated European starling song library (Version v1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237218</p> <p>This dataset is available under the following license:<br>- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)</p> <p><br>Noise<br>-----<br>Noise are taken from the Xeno-canto - "Soundscapes from around the world" dataset<br>https://www.gbif.org/dataset/ff571aeb-46bf-45c4-ad2c-af4d68315765</p> <p>Citation:<br>Vellinga W (2024). Xeno-canto - Soundscapes from around the world. Xeno-canto Foundation for Nature Sounds. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/9u3zaq accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-10-17.</p> <p>We sampled 8 soundscapes from this dataset:<br> 1. Rain https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4523646364<br> - Virginia<br> - 457s<br> - rain, Recording of the feeders in the backyard with a light rain falling on the leaf litter, while a freight train passes by ~1/2 mile away.<br> 2. Town https://xeno-canto.org/696263<br> - 2:22<br> - the closer habitat are greater trees and coniferes ..smaller bushes ...some other Krautgärten ... traffic-noise is to hear..as airplanes,too.<br> - insects, birds, bells, traffic?, airplane<br> - Germany<br> 3. Wind https://xeno-canto.org/911773<br> - 5:29<br> - Very windy day, grassland to shrubland habitat<br> - Wisconsin<br> 4. Waterfall https://xeno-canto.org/406993<br> - 24:02<br> - sound scenes captured in a river forest with zarzas, hiedras and other matorrales at the edge of a small waterfall.<br> - Spain<br> 5. Insect https://xeno-canto.org/454914<br> - 5:45<br> - Australia<br> - cicadias, birds,<br> 6. Swanp https://xeno-canto.org/909875<br> - 2:24<br> - Swampy area along dirt road/trail. Species Include: American Bullfrog, Cricket Frogs, American Crow, Prothonotary Warbler, Red-winged Blackbird, Indigo Bunting, Northern Cardinal<br> 7. Frogscape https://xeno-canto.org/718213<br> - 4:42 <br> - European Tree Frog Hyla arborea Green Frog Pelophlyax sp.<br> - Austrial <br> 8. Forest https://xeno-canto.org/900744 <br> - 3:04<br> - Sweden<br> - A beautiful choir with frogs, toads, geese and ducks to enjoy in the darkness a foggy night.<br> <br> <br> <br>All noise recordings have one of the following licensesL<br>- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)<br>- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)</p> <p><br>Additional information about the noise dataset</p> <p><br>------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>citations<br>------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Steinmetz, C. J., & Reiss, J. (2021, May). pyloudnorm: A simple yet flexible loudness meter in python. In Audio Engineering Society Convention 150. Audio Engineering Society.</p> <p>Arneodo, Z., Sainburg, T., Jeanne, J., & Gentner, T. (2019). An acoustically isolated European starling song library (Version v1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237218</p> <p>Vellinga W (2024). Xeno-canto - Soundscapes from around the world. Xeno-canto Foundation for Nature Sounds. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/9u3zaq accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-10-17.</p>
The phantom chorus: birdsong boosts human well-being in protected areas
<p>Spending time in nature is known to benefit human health and well-being, but evidence is mixed as to whether biodiversity or perceptions of biodiversity contribute to these benefits. Perhaps more importantly, little is known about the sensory modalities by which humans perceive biodiversity and obtain benefits from their interactions with nature. Here, we used a "phantom bird song chorus" consisting of hidden speakers to experimentally increase audible birdsong biodiversity during "on" and "off" (i.e., ambient conditions) blocks on two trails to study the role of audition in biodiversity perception and self-reported well-being among hikers. Hikers exposed to the phantom chorus reported higher levels of restorative effects compared to those that experienced ambient conditions on both trails; however, increased restorative effects were directly linked to the phantom chorus on one trail and indirectly linked to the phantom chorus on the other trail through perceptions of avian biodiversity. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence linking mental health to nature experiences and suggest that audition is an important modality by which natural environments confer restorative effects. Finally, our results suggest that maintaining or improving natural soundscapes within protected areas may be an important component to maximizing human experiences.</p>
Sequential organization of birdsong: Relationships with individual quality and fitness
<p>Many vocalizing animals produce the discrete elements of their acoustic signals in a specific sequential order, but we know little about the biological relevance of this ordering. For that, we must characterize the degree by which individuals differ in how they organize their signals sequentially and relate these differences to variation in quality and fitness. In this study, we fulfilled these tasks in male collared flycatchers (<em>Ficedula albicollis</em>). We characterized the sequential order of syllables with a network analysis approach and studied the consistency of network variables on distinct time-scales (within-day, between-day, and between-year), and assessed their relationship with such quality indicators as age, body condition, arrival date, and fitness-related proxies like survival to the next year and pairing success. We found that the syllables were associated non-randomly with one another and both the frequency differences of consecutive syllables and the number of motif types were higher in the original than in randomized syllable sequences. Average degree and small-worldness showed considerable among-individual differences and decreasing repeatability with increasing time-scale. Furthermore, we found relationships between male age and average degree among and within individuals. Accordingly, older males produce syllable sequences by using common syllables less often than younger individuals. However, the network variables showed no relationship with fitness-related variables. In conclusion, the sequential organization of birdsong has the potential to encode individual-specific characteristics, which thus could be used as signals in social interactions and thus potentially could be subject to sexual selection.</p>
Long-distance dependencies in birdsong syntax
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Songbird syntax is generally thought to be simple, lacking in particular long-distance dependencies in which one element affects choice of another occurring considerably later in the sequence. Here we test for long-distance dependencies in the sequences of songs produced by song sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>). Song sparrows sing with eventual variety, repeating each song type in a consecutive series termed a "bout." We show that in switching between song types, song sparrows follow a "cycling rule," cycling through their repertoires in close to the minimum possible number of bouts. Song sparrows do not cycle in a set order but rather vary the order of song types from cycle to cycle. Cycling in a variable order strongly implies long-distance dependencies: choice of the next type must depend on the song types sung over the past cycle, in the range of 9-10 bouts. Song sparrows also follow a "bout length rule," whereby the number of repetitions of a song type in a bout is positively associated with the length of the interval until that type recurs. This rule requires even longer-distance dependencies that cross one another; such dependencies are characteristic of more complex levels of syntax than previously attributed to non-human animals.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Song recordings and annotation files of 3 canaries used to evaluate training of TweetyNet models for birdsong segmentation and annotation
<p>Many analyses of birdsong require time-consuming manual annotation of the individual elements of song, known as syllables or notes. We developed the first automated algorithm for birdsong annotation, "TweetyNet", that is applicable to complex song such as canary song. TweetyNet is trained with a small amount of hand-labeled data using supervised learning methods. We evaluate the amount of data required for training TweetyNet models using vocalizations of two songbird species - Bengalese finches and Canaries. This dataset contains song audio files and their accompanying annotation files for the three canaries used in this analysis.</p>
Wavelet filters for automated recognition of birdsong in long-time field recordings
<p>1. Ecoacoustics has the potential to provide a large amount of information about the abundance of many animal species at a relatively low cost. Acoustic recording units are widely used in field data collection, but the facilities to reliably process the data recorded -- recognising calls that are relatively infrequent, and often significantly degraded by noise and distance to the microphone -- are not well developed yet. 2. We propose a call detection method for continuous field recordings that can be trained quickly and easily on new species, and degrades gracefully with increased noise or distance from the microphone. The method is based on the reconstruction of the sound from a subset of the wavelet nodes (elements in the wavelet packet decomposition tree). It is intended as a preprocessing filter, therefore we aim to minimise false negatives: false positives can be removed in subsequent processing, but missed calls will not be looked at again. 3. We compare our method to standard call detection methods, and also to machine learning methods (using as input features either wavelet energies or Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)) on real-world noisy field recordings of six bird species. The results show that our method has higher recall (proportion detected) than the alternative methods: 87% with 85% specificity on >53 hrs of test data, resulting in an 80% reduction in the amount of data that needed further verification. It detected >60% of calls that were extremely faint (far away), even with high background noise. 4. This preprocessing method is available in our AviaNZ bioacoustic analysis program and enables the user to significantly reduce the amount of subsequent processing required (whether manual or automatic) to analyse continuous field recordings collected by spatially and temporally large-scale monitoring of animal species. It can be trained to recognise new species without difficulty, and if several species are sought simultaneously, filters can be run in parallel.</p>
Wavelet filters for automated recognition of birdsong in long-time field recordings
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Sequential organization of birdsong: Relationships with individual quality and fitness
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Long-distance dependencies in birdsong syntax
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The phantom chorus: birdsong boosts human well-being in protected areas
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Data from: Vocal performance in birdsong is an aggressive signal in both females and males: Experimental evidence from a field study in European robins
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Song recordings and annotation files of 3 canaries used to evaluate training of TweetyNet models for birdsong segmentation and annotation
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Acoustic and temporal birdsong measurements
<p>In tropical birds, survival is dependent on the ability to effectively communicate with others against a background of high ambient noise. The Acoustic Niche Hypothesis proposes that the deterrent selective force of signal masking has caused animals sharing a habitat to partition their calling behaviour amongst the acoustic bandwidths available, so as to minimise interference between one another. Whether and why species share the so-called 'acoustic space' remains a gap in our understanding of animal ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the acoustic structure of avian communities in two spatially distinct habitats in the montane tropical forests of the Caparaó National Park in south-eastern Brazil, and to test whether the distribution of birdsong at each conformed to the ANH. Birdsong from nine hours of passive acoustic recordings at each study site were analysed using principal component analyses. The results contradicted the ANH, revealing strikingly similar patterns of synchronised vocal behaviour. No correlation was evident between the acoustic and temporal partitioning behaviour of songbirds. This study provides a novel comparative analysis of the acoustic dynamics in two separate and diverse avian communities and support for theories of synchronized vocal behaviour in such groups.</p>
Data from: Deciphering information encoded in birdsong: male songbirds with fertile mates respond most strongly to complex, low-amplitude songs used in courtship
Research on the function of acoustic signals has focused on high-amplitude, long-range song (LRS) and largely ignored low-amplitude songs produced by many species during close-proximity, conspecific interactions. Low-amplitude songs can be structurally identical to LRS (soft LRS) or they can be widely divergent, sharing few spectral and temporal attributes with LRS (short-range song (SRS)). SRS is often more complex than LRS and is frequently sung by males during courtship. To assess function, we performed two playback experiments on males of a socially monogamous songbird. We compared responses of males whose mates were fertile or non-fertile to differences in song structure (SRS v. LRS and soft LRS), amplitude (SRS and soft LRS v. LRS), and tempo (slow v. fast SRS). Males responded more strongly to SRS than to LRS or soft LRS, indicating that song structure had a greater effect on response than song amplitude. SRS tempo did not detectably affect male response. Importantly, males responded more strongly to SRS when their mates were fertile, presumably because hearing SRS can indicate that a male's mate is being courted by an intruding male and a strong response can deter extra-pair competitors. We conclude that low-amplitude songs can function in both inter- and intra-sexual communication and should receive greater attention in future studies of mate choice and male-male competition.
Data for Automatic recognition of element classes and boundaries in the birdsong with variable sequences
<p>Data for Automatic recognition of element classes and boundaries in the birdsong with variable sequences</p>
Experimentally broadcast ocean surf and river noise alters birdsong structure
<p>Anthropogenic noise and its effects on acoustic communication have received considerable attention in recent decades. Yet, the natural acoustic environment's influence on communication and its role in shaping acoustic signals remains unclear. Using landscape-level playbacks of ocean surf and river noise in coastal and riparian habitat, respectively, we investigated how water-generated noise influences spectral and temporal song characteristics in six songbird species. We recorded individuals defending territories across 37 sites, with each site representing one of four acoustic environments: naturally quiet 'controls', naturally noisy 'positive controls' adjacent to the ocean or a whitewater river, 'phantom' playback sites with continuous broadcast of low-frequency water noise, and 'shifted' playback sites with continuous broadcast of high-frequency water noise. We predicted that song structure would generally correlate with background sound amplitude and that signal features would differ across site types based on the spectral profile of the acoustic environment. No two species altered songs in precisely the same way. However, song structure of all six species varied with amplitude and/or frequency of background noise, providing strong evidence that natural soundscapes influence vocal behavior.</p>
Data from: Ecological adaptation and birdsong: how body and bill sizes affect passerine sound frequencies
<p>The avian bill is finely adjusted to foraging ecology and, as part of the vocal tract, it may also affect sexual signals such as songs. Acoustic theory predicts that larger bills lower the resonant frequency of vocal tracts, allowing larger-billed species to emphasize lower sound frequencies. Theory also predicts that larger-billed species can change bill gape so as to sing over a wider frequency bandwidth. We tested these associations between bill size and sound frequencies of song across ca. 1000 taxonomically-diverse passerines. Phylogenetically informed analyses indicated that both bill and body sizes are negatively related to the sound frequency of songs, with additive effects of similar strength. Analyses of reduced datasets, to decrease bill-body size associations, indicated that the effect of bill size it is not an artefact of its covariation with body size. Sound frequency bandwidth was only related to body size but not bill size, perhaps because large bills may allow greater modulation of frequency but also hinder fast bill movement. Since the bill has a major role explaining species differences in birdsong sound frequency, it can be a magic trait that promotes reproductive isolation as a consequence of ecological divergence.</p>
Sixteen birdsong datasets from xeno canto website.
<p>We collected birdsong data on the https://xeno-canto.org/ platform. The datasets include 7 orders, 9 families, 15 genera and 16 species, and a total of 271 audios.</p>
Evaluation of the Minimalist Music and Birdsongs in the Anxiety of Nursing Professionals in Oncology
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05510921. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Carotenoids, birdsong and oxidative status: administration of dietary lutein is associated with an increase in song rate and circulating antioxidants (albumin and cholesterol) and a decrease in oxidative damage
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