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22 results for “Bituminaria”
Pleistocene range expansion throughout the Mediterranean and back-colonization from the Canary Islands in the legume Bituminaria bituminosa
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Species with widespread distributions offer excellent opportunities for investigating recent biogeographical patterns across broad scales. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, due to its intermediate geographical location, NW Africa is pivotal in explaining the phylogeographical patterns of taxa with Mediterranean-Macaronesian distributions using a legume species with short generation times.</p> <p><strong>Region:</strong> Mediterranean, with a focus on NW Africa and the Canary Islands</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Pitch trefoil ( <em>Bituminaria bituminosa</em>)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We generated genetic data and performed phylogeographical and demographic analyses at two geographical scales: Mediterranean Basin (MB), using plastid sequences (115 individuals), and Macaronesia, using plastid sequences (182 individuals) and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci (220 individuals). We also performed a literature survey focusing on phylogeographical studies of other circum-Mediterranean taxa.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> North-west Africa was identified as a center of genetic diversity (19 out of 38 haplotypes) and demographic expansion of <em>B. bituminosa</em> in the MB during the Pleistocene. Our literature review revealed two main phylogeographical patterns in widespread species: pre-Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls vs. Pleistocene facultative-deciduous (including <em>Bituminaria</em>) taxa, but on average both functional groups show a similar, large genetic diversity (c. 40% of haplotypes) in NW Africa. At the Macaronesian scale, we found that Canarian <em>Bituminaria </em>is composed of two genetic sublineages that coexist and hybridize on the central islands and in the mainland Macaronesian enclave (Anti-Atlas region). Demographic analyses rejected the progression rule as the model of island colonization, but strongly suggested that Anti-Atlas populations are the result of back-colonization from the easternmost islands before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><em>Bituminaria</em> displays a pattern of Quaternary eastward expansion in the MB that appears to be paralleled by several members of its functional plant group. Thus, our study reveals a previously undescribed dual role of NW Africa in plant biogeography, acting both as a source of species expansion to the rest of the MB and a LGM refugium of plant populations with a Macaronesian island origin.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Bituminaria kyreniae (Fabaceae), a new species from Northern Cyprus
FIGURE 1. Habit of Bituminaria kyreniae Giusso, C. Brullo, Brullo, Cambria & Miniss. Illustration by S. Brullo based on living material coming from the type locality (CAT).
FIGURE 2 in Bituminaria kyreniae (Fabaceae), a new species from Northern Cyprus
FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Bituminaria kyreniae Giusso, C. Brullo, Brullo, Cambria & Miniss. A. flower (ventral view). B. flower (dorsal view). C. flower (lateral view). D. bud. E. open calyx. F. standard. G. wings. H. open keel. I. keel (lateral view). J. staminal tube. K. anthers. L. pistil. M. stigma. N. pods. O. pod with calyx. P. seeds. Illustration by S. Brullo based on living material coming from the type locality (CAT).
FIGURE 4 in Bituminaria kyreniae (Fabaceae), a new species from Northern Cyprus
FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Bituminaria kyreniae based on personal collections (red dots) and literature (green dots).
FIGURE 3 in Bituminaria kyreniae (Fabaceae), a new species from Northern Cyprus
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of the seed coat of Bituminaria kyreniae (A1−3) and B. bituminosa (B1−3) at low magnification (A1x 15 and B1 x 20) and at high magnification (A2 and B2 x 1000; A3 and B3 x 2500); pod hairs of B. kyreniae (A4) and B. bituminosa (B4) at medium magnification (x 700), respectively from Cyprus, type material (CAT) and Catania, Brullo s.n. (CAT).
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Bituminaria (Fabaceae) from Tunisia
FIGURE 5: Phenological features of Bituminaria tunetana (cultivated plant coming from the type locality) and of B. bituminosa (from Catania, Sicily). A. Detail of flowered stems of B. tunetana. B Inflorescence detail of B. tunetana. C Stems and leaves of B. bituminosa. D. Inflorescence detail of B. tunetana (left) and of B. bituminosa (right). (Photos by S. Cambria).
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Bituminaria (Fabaceae) from Tunisia
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of the seed coats (A–B) and pod indumentum (C–D) of Bituminaria tunetana. A. Seed at low magnification (x 15). B. Seed coat at high magnification (x 2500). C. Pod at low magnification (x 10). D. Pod indumentum at high magnification (x 700). Material coming from type locality (CAT!).
FIGURE 2. Bituminaria tunetana. A in A new species of Bituminaria (Fabaceae) from Tunisia
FIGURE 2. Bituminaria tunetana. A. flower (ventral view). B. flower (dorsal view). C. flower (lateral view). D. bud. E. standard. F. wings. G. open keel. H. keel (lateral view). I. open calyx. J. staminal tube. K. anther. L. pistil. M. stigma. N. pod with calyx. O. pods. P. seeds (lateral view). Q. seed (ilar view). Illustration by S. Brullo based on living material coming from type locality (CAT).
FIGURE 1. Bituminaria tunetana. A. Habit. B. Stipules. C in A new species of Bituminaria (Fabaceae) from Tunisia
FIGURE 1. Bituminaria tunetana. A. Habit. B. Stipules. C. Apex leaves. Illustration by S. Brullo based on living material coming from type locality (CAT).
FIGURE 6 in Bituminaria basaltica (Fabaceae), a new species from Italy
FIGURE 6. Diagnostic features of Bituminaria bituminosa. A. Flower (lateral view). B. Flower (ventral view). C. Bud. D. Standard. E. Wings. F. Keel (open). G. Keel (lateral view). H. Calyx (open). I. Calyx (ventral view). J. Calyx (dorsal view). K. Fruiting calyx and pod. L. Pod. M. Pistil. N. Stigma. O. Seeds. P. Staminal tube. Q. Anthers. R. Illustration by Salvatore Brullo based on specimens from Catania, Brullo s.n. (CAT).
FIGURE 2 in Bituminaria basaltica (Fabaceae), a new species from Italy
FIGURE 2. Variability in leaf and stipule shape of Bituminaria basaltica (A1–3) and B. bituminosa (B1–3). Illustration by Salvatore Brullo based on Minissale s.n. (CAT) for A and "Catania" Brullo s.n. (CAT) for B.
FIGURE 1 in Bituminaria basaltica (Fabaceae), a new species from Italy
FIGURE 1. Diagnostic features of Bituminaria basaltica. A. Flower (lateral view). B. Flower (ventral view). C. Bud. D. Standards. E. Wings. F. Keel (open). G. Keel (lateral view). H. Calyx (open). I. Calyx (ventral view). J. Calyx (dorsal view). K. Calyx and immature pod. L. Calyx and mature pod. M. Pistil. N. Stigma. O. Seeds. P. Staminal tube. Q. Anthers. R. Bracts. Illustration by Salvatore Brullo based on Minissale s.n. (CAT).
FIGURE 4 in Bituminaria basaltica (Fabaceae), a new species from Italy
FIGURE 4. SEM micrographs of the seed coats of Bituminaria basaltica (A1–2) and B. bituminosa (B1–2) at low magnification (A1 x 20 and B1 x 28) and at high magnification (A2 and B2 x 2500) and hairs on the pods of B. basaltica (A3) and B. bituminosa (B3) at medium magnification (x 700), from material of Filicudi, Minissale s.n. (CAT) and Catania Brullo s.n. (CAT).
FIGURE 5 in Bituminaria basaltica (Fabaceae), a new species from Italy
FIGURE 5. Phenological features of Bituminaria basaltica. A. Natural stands with Hyparrhenia hirta dry grassland habitat (Filicudi). B. Inflorescence. C. Terminal branches with leaves and inflorescences. D. Synanthropic stands abandoned fields (Filicudi). E. Fructified inflorescence. (Photos by P. Minissale).
Pleistocene range expansion throughout the Mediterranean and back-colonization from the Canary Islands in the legume Bituminaria bituminosa
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Figure 5 from: Brullo S, Brullo C, Cambria S, Cristaudo A, Giusso del Galdo G (2017) Bituminaria antiatlantica (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from Morocco. PhytoKeys 85: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.12288
Figure 5 - SEM micrographs of seed testa (A–C) and pod hairs (D–F) of Bituminaria antiatlantica from Mount Tachilla in Morocco. A Seed at low magnification (× 15) B Seed testa at medium magnification (× 1000) C Seed testa at high magnification (× 2500) D Pods at low magnification (× 10) E Pod hairs at medium magnification (× 250) F Pod hairs at high magnification (× 700).
Figure 6 from: Brullo S, Brullo C, Cambria S, Cristaudo A, Giusso del Galdo G (2017) Bituminaria antiatlantica (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from Morocco. PhytoKeys 85: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.12288
Figure 6 - SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Bituminaria antiatlantica from Mount Tachilla. A–B Polar view (× 1600) C Equatorial view (× 1600) D Detail of pollen surfaces (× 4000).
Figure 4 from: Brullo S, Brullo C, Cambria S, Cristaudo A, Giusso del Galdo G (2017) Bituminaria antiatlantica (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from Morocco. PhytoKeys 85: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.12288
Figure 4 - Phenological features of Bituminaria antiatlantica A Natural habitat with Bituminaria antiatlantica in Djebel Imzi (Morocco) B Habit of B. antiatlantica in Mount Tachilla (Morocco) C Natural habitat of B. antiatlantica with Dracaena draco L. subsp. ajgal in Djebel Imzi (Morocco) D Inflorescence detail of B. antiatlantica E Fructified inflorescence of B. antiatlantica F Leaf detail of B. antiatlantica (Photos by S. Cambria).
Figure 1 from: Brullo S, Brullo C, Cambria S, Cristaudo A, Giusso del Galdo G (2017) Bituminaria antiatlantica (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from Morocco. PhytoKeys 85: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.12288
Figure 1 - Diagnostic features regarding the reproductive structures of Bituminaria antiatlantica. A Flower (ventral view) B Flower (dorsal view) C Flower (lateral view) D Bud E Standard F Wings G Keel (lateral view) H Calyx (open) I Staminal tube J Anthers K Pisti L Stigma M Fruiting calyx and pod N Pods O Seed. Illustration by S. Brullo based on living material coming from Mount Tachilla and Djebel Imzi in Morocco (CAT).
Figure 2 from: Brullo S, Brullo C, Cambria S, Cristaudo A, Giusso del Galdo G (2017) Bituminaria antiatlantica (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from Morocco. PhytoKeys 85: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.12288
Figure 2 - Diagnostic features regarding the vegetative structures of Bituminaria antiatlantica. A Habit B Leaves C Leaf apex (abaxial side) D Leaf apex (adaxial side) E Stipules. Illustration by S. Brullo based on living material coming from Mount Tachilla and Djebel Imzi in Morocco (CAT).
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