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55 results for “Blackwater”
Mesocosm (Marsh Organ) experiment at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, MD, 2012
This experiment examines the effects of tidal inundation on the growth of salt marsh vegetation. We measured the response of plants to disturbance across a gradient in inundation times by transplanting tussocks of Schoenoplectus americanus into mesocosms of different elevation. The mesocosms were arranged into structures commonly described as �marsh organs�. Here we utilize two marsh organs each containing 54 mesocosms constructed of 6-inch diameter (0.0182, m2) polyvinyl chloride pipe, arranged into nine rows containing six pipes of identical elevation. We conducted the experiment in a large brackish marsh on the Atlantic Coast of North America. The study site is adjacent to the Blackwater River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, USA) (Blackwater, 38.40�N, 76.07�W). Changes in water level are primarily driven by meteorological events, with mean astronomical tides of <0.25 m. Long-term porewater salinities average 10 p.p.t. within the marsh soil, and intertidal vegetation is dominated by Schoenoplectus americanus and Spartina patens.
Fig. 3 in Organization of fish assemblages in blackwater Atlantic Forest streams
Fig. 3. RDA ordination biplot of the first and second RDA axes based on fish density (ind.m-2) of 31 blackwater mesohabitats. Vector lines in bold type indicate the relationship of the environmental variables to the ordination axis; the line's length is proportional to its relative significance. For species codes, see Tab. 3.
Fig. 2 in Organization of fish assemblages in blackwater Atlantic Forest streams
Fig. 2. Rarefaction curves calculated for each mesohabitat category (sand, leaf-litter and trunks), considering a total of 31 mesohabitats sampled in 13 blackwater streams of the alluvial plain of the Serra do Mar in the State of São Paulo. EstimateS 9.1 was used to plot species rarefaction curve (100 runs).
Dataset for Extreme Flooding and Nitrogen Dynamics of a Blackwater River
<p>Data used for analysis in the manuscript titled: Extreme Flooding and Nitrogen Dynamics of a Blackwater River.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 2 in Two new species of blackwater catfishes (Siluriformes: Siluridae and Clariidae) from the Natuna Archipelago, Indonesia
Fig. 2. Lateral view of Silurichthys insulanus, new species, MZB 17239 holotype, 41.9 mm SL (composite of the same fish, top with black background, bottom with white background).
Fig. 1 in Two new species of blackwater catfishes (Siluriformes: Siluridae and Clariidae) from the Natuna Archipelago, Indonesia
Fig. 1. Lateral views of head region of A) Silurichthys insulanus, new species, MZB 17239 holotype, 41.9 mm SL; B) S. marmoratus, ZRC 40107, 41.7 mm SL, Brunei; C) S. gibbiceps, ZRC 40328 paratype, 47.2 mm SL, Barito (not to scale).
Fig. 4 in Two new species of blackwater catfishes (Siluriformes: Siluridae and Clariidae) from the Natuna Archipelago, Indonesia
Fig. 4. Dorsal views showing differences in head and pectoral fin morphology between A) C. rennyae, new species, holotype, MZB 17237, 108 mm SL, Pulau Natuna Besar, and B) C. leiacanthus, ZRC uncat., 133.8 mm SL, Pulau Natuna Besar (not to scale).
FIGURE 4 in Fish responses to multiple scales in coastal blackwater Atlantic Forest streams in Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 4 | Redundancy analysis (RDA) explaining the relationship between selected local, landscape, and spatial variables and fish species. Vector lines indicate the relationship of significant environmental variables to the ordination axis. TDS – Total Dissolved Solids; AR – Areas under Regeneration; PCNM1 – Spatial Component represented by the Principal Coordinates of Neighbor Matrices. Species are indicated by black dots. Acronyms according to Tab. 3
FIGURE 3 in Fish responses to multiple scales in coastal blackwater Atlantic Forest streams in Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 3 | Venn diagram showing the variance partition of local, regional and spatial variables in explaining the composition of fish communities. a = fraction of exclusive explanation of local variables; b = fraction of exclusive explanation of landscape variables; c = fraction of exclusive explanation of spatial variables; d = fraction of shared explanation between local and landscape variables; e = fraction of shared explanation between landscape and spatial variables; f = fraction of shared explanation between local and spatial variables; g = fraction of shared explanation among local, landscape and spatial variables.
FIGURE 1 in Fish responses to multiple scales in coastal blackwater Atlantic Forest streams in Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 1 | Location of the study area in the coastal region of the state of São Paulo, indicating the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast basins and the distribution of the sampling sites in the Itapanhaú (JP1, JP2, VA), Itaguaré (MP, PM, GU), Guaratuba (P1–P6), and Una (BB1, BB2) sub-basins (Adapted from Esteves et al., 2019). In detail, sites of the Guaratuba sub-basin and main landscape types.
FIGURE 2 in Fish responses to multiple scales in coastal blackwater Atlantic Forest streams in Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 2 | Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) plot of Axis 1 and Axis 2 of the total fish density of 14 blackwater streams. Stream codes according to Tab. 1.
FIG. 22. Central Blackwater Amazon. A. Yellow area delimits the distribution pattern. B in The Fishes Of The Amazon: Distribution And Biogeographical Patterns, With A Comprehensive List Of Species
FIG. 22. Central Blackwater Amazon. A. Yellow area delimits the distribution pattern. B. Biotoecus spp. (data fom Kullander, 1989). C. Dicrossus spp. (data fom Kullander, 2011). D. Hemigrammus analis (blue dots; records from MZUSP), Hemigrammus coeruleus (red dots; records from MZUSP), Hemigrammus stictus (yellow dots; records from MZUSP).
Figure 4 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 4. Frequency distribution of oocytes diameter (mm) of mature females of Hollandichthys multifasciatus sampled at the different coastal blackwater streams in the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast Basins, São Paulo state. P2 (N = 4); P3 (N = 3); P4 (N = 10); P5 (N = 4); P6 (N = 4).
Figure 3 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 3. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) plot of environmental variables measured at 10 blackwater streams in the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast Basins, São Paulo state. Environmental variables are indicated by vectors. DOC = Dissolved Organic Carbon; Temp = Temperature; C = Conductivity; DO = Dissolved Oxygen; HC = High Canopy; S = Sand; SC = Silt/Clay; LB = Leaf Banks; OV = Overhanging vegetation. For stream acronyms see Table 1.
Figure 1 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 1. Study area, coastal region of the State of São Paulo. Sampled streams (JP1, JP2 – Itapanhaú); (P1-P6 – Guaratuba); Itaguaré (MP) and Una (BB1 – Una). Adapted from Esteves et al. (2019).
Figure 2 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 2. View of one of the sampling sites (JP1, Itapanhaú sub-basin), showing block nets at the 100 m sampled stretch.
dmurraystoker/OGC-biomass: Long-term comparison of invertebrate communities in a blackwater river reveals taxon-specific biomass change
<p>Data, metadata, and R code for "Long-term comparison of invertebrate communities in a blackwater river reveals taxon-specific biomass change."</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>1. Around the world, researchers are reporting declines in insect fauna. Though uncommonly evaluated in high-profile studies of insect declines, the community context of population trends can facilitate interpretation of the causes and consequences of such losses. Here, we aimed to explore the shifts in a well-studied invertebrate community of a blackwater river and identify potential catalysts of such change.</p> <p>2. We compared the density, biomass, and community structure of freshwater invertebrate assemblages separated by more than 30 years in the Ogeechee River, in the southeastern US, and found biomass declines. We also evaluated long-term trends in river discharge, water temperature, and precipitation.</p> <p>3. Overall, the biomass in the 2010s was approximately 60% of the total in the 1980s. Community analyses indicated that this decline was driven by reduced densities of large-bodied, filter-feeding insects, particularly Hydropsychidae caddisflies (Trichoptera). Conversely, predators and small-bodied primary consumers increased in density, though their contributions to overall biomass were minimal and their increased density was not sufficient to compensate for biomass declines. Seasonal shifts in both invertebrate populations and environmental parameters were evident, especially when focusing on discharge and dissolved organic carbon.</p> <p>4. Through a combination of direct analysis and the use of established research on the metabolic dynamics of the study site, we determined that the overall decline of freshwater invertebrate biomass may be driven by climate-related changes in flood dynamics: seasonal flooding that facilitates delivery of floodplain carbon to filter-feeding consumers has decreased over several decades. Water temperature had also increased and has likely had effects on the invertebrate assemblages.</p> <p>5. Whole-community evaluations such as this one, in contrast to single-taxon and abundance-based studies, provide critical information to elucidate the dynamics of freshwater impairment and insect loss in the Anthropocene.</p>
Data from: Leaf litter nutrient uptake in an intermittent blackwater river: influence of tree species and associated biotic and abiotic drivers
1. Organic matter may sequester nutrients as it decomposes, increasing in total N and P mass via multiple uptake pathways. During leaf litter decomposition, microbial biomass and accumulated inorganic materials immobilize and retain nutrients, and therefore, both biotic and abiotic drivers may influence detrital nutrient content. We examined the relative importance of these types of nutrient immobilization and compared patterns of nutrient retention in recalcitrant and labile leaf litter. 2. Leaf packs of water oak (Quercus nigra), red maple (Acer rubrum) and Ogeechee tupelo (Nyssa ogeche) were incubated for 431 days in an intermittent blackwater stream and periodically analysed for mass loss, nutrient and metal content, and microbial biomass. These data informed regression models explaining temporal changes in detrital nutrient content. Informal exploratory models compared estimated biologically associated nutrient stocks (fungal, bacterial, leaf tissue) to observed total detrital nutrient stocks. We predicted that (i) labile and recalcitrant leaf litter would act as sinks at different points in the breakdown process, (ii) plant and microbial biomass would not account for the entire mass of retained nutrients, and (iii) total N content would be more closely approximated than total P content solely from nutrients stored in leaf tissue and microbial biomass, due to stronger binding of P to inorganic matter. 3. Labile litter had higher nutrient concentrations throughout the study. However, lower mass loss of recalcitrant litter facilitated greater nutrient retention over longer incubations, suggesting that it may be an important long-term sink. N and P content were significantly related to both microbial biomass and metal content, with slightly stronger correlation with metal content over longer incubations. 4. Exploratory models demonstrated that a substantial portion of detrital nutrients was not accounted for by living or dead plant and microbial biomass, especially in the case of N. This suggests increased importance of both N and P sorption to inorganic matter over time, with possible additional storage of N complexed with lignin. A better understanding of the influence of these mechanisms may improve our understanding of detrital nutrient uptake, basal resource quality and retention and transport of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems.
Figs. 41– 46. Reserva Ducke dung beetles. 41 in The Dung- and Carrion-Feeding Scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of an Amazonian Blackwater Rainforest: Results of a Continuous, 56-Week, Baited-PitfallTrap Study
Figs. 41– 46. Reserva Ducke dung beetles. 41) Deltochilum carinatum. Photograph by Jim McClarin; 42) Deltochilum septemstriatum. Photograph by Denis Faure; 43) Deltochilum pseudoicarus. Photograph by Trond Larsen; 44) Ateuchus sp. Photograph by Jim McClarin; 45) Canthidium bicolor with phoretic mite. Photograph by Trond Larsen; 46) Canthidium gerstaeckeri. Photograph by Trond Larsen. All images used by permission.
Figs. 35–40. Reserva Ducke dung beetles. 35 in The Dung- and Carrion-Feeding Scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of an Amazonian Blackwater Rainforest: Results of a Continuous, 56-Week, Baited-PitfallTrap Study
Figs. 35–40. Reserva Ducke dung beetles. 35) Onthophagus bidentatus. Photograph by Denis Faure; 36) Onthophagus rubrescens. Photograph by Trond Larsen; 37) Eurysternus caribaeus. Photograph by Trond Larsen; 38) Canthon quadriguttatus rolling a small piece of howler dung spattered on a leaf about 1 m above the ground. Photograph by Trond Larsen; 39) Canthon triangularis. Photograph by Trond Larsen; 40) Cryptocanthon peckorum. Photograph by Trond Larsen. All images used by permission.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.