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14 results for “Bluethroat”
Genetic diversity and sperm characteristics are not associated in two bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) populations
<p>Individual heterozygosity may influence the expression of fitness-related traits, via genome-wide or local genetic effects. Earlier studies have shown negative relationships between heterozygosity and sperm variation, predominantly in captive, highly inbred populations. Little is known about the possible influence of variation in heterozygosity on sperm traits in wild, outbred populations. We studied two populations of the bluethroat, one from the widely distributed northern subspecies (<em>Luscinia</em>. <em>s</em>. <em>svecica</em>) and the other from the smaller, more patchily distributed subspecies breeding along the French coast of Brittany (<em>L. s. namnetum</em>). The two subspecies differed significantly in body size, plumage colour, sperm traits and the degree of genetic diversity. However, there was no evidence that sperm traits (total length and motility) were influenced by the degree of heterozygosity at the individual level. In contrast, we found that male body size was positively related to heterozygosity across both populations, indicating a possible relationship between overall genetic diversity and general vigour or ability to obtain food. We conclude that sperm traits are unrelated to levels of heterozygosity in the studied outbred and weakly genetically depauperate bluethroat populations.</p>
Genetic diversity and sperm characteristics are not associated in two bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) populations
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Data from: Sperm morphology, sperm motility and paternity success in the bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)
<p>Postcopulatory sexual selection may select for male primary sexual characteristics like sperm morphology and sperm motility, through sperm competition or cryptic female choice. However, how such characteristics influence male fertilization success remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate possible correlations between sperm characteristics and paternity success in the socially monogamous bluethroat (<em>Luscinia svecica svecica</em>), predicting that sperm length and sperm swimming speed is positively correlated with paternity success. In total, 25 % (15/61) of broods contained extra-pair offspring and 10 % (33/315) of the offspring were sired by extra-pair males. Paternity success did not correlate significantly with sperm morphology or any aspects of sperm motility. Furthermore, sperm morphology and sperm motility did not correlate significantly with male morphological characters that previously have been shown to be associated with paternity success. Thus, the sperm characteristics investigated here do not appear to be strong predictors of paternity success in bluethroats.</p>
Geolocator tagging of east Siberian bluethroats
<p>Many long-distance migratory bird species seem to retain the winter quarters their ancestors used during the last glacial maximum. Post-glacial colonization following the retreat of the ice sheets have then resulted in apparent suboptimal migration routes, since the expanding populations have failed to use more nearby, alternative and climatically suitable, wintering areas. The bluethroat subspecies <em>Cyanecula svecica svecia </em>occurs in the northern areas of the Palearctic from the Atlantic to Alaska. Because it is monotypic and lacks population structure in mitochondrial DNA it is assumed to have colonized its present range from one glacial refuge population. Geolocator tracks from birds in its western range have shown that these migrates to the Indian subcontinent following a route west of the Himalaya. In the present study we fit geolocators of bluethroats breeding in their eastern range (Chukotka) to test whether they also use a route west of the Himalaya to the same wintering grounds as their European conspecifics, or shortcut east of the Himalaya. We retrieved one of the 30 bluethroats tagged which clearly showed that it migrated east of the Himalaya to a wintering area tentatively located in Myanmar. By assuming that this bird is representative for the migration of eastern <em>Cyanecula s. svecia</em>, we can reject our initial hypothesis of a common migration route of all <em>Cyanecula s. svecia</em>. The different routes and wintering areas of western and eastern <em>Cyanecula s. svecia</em> implicate the presence of a migratory divide somewhere north of the Himalaya, and further that the populations were in different refuge populations during the last glaciation.</p>
Figure 6 in Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Figure 6. Manhattan plots showing SNP levels of ROH per autosome for A, All L. s. svecica individuals, B, Sve_Krk population. The Manhattan plot portrays ROH analysis across 28 autosomes. The height of the peak represents the percentage of individuals sharing homozygous SNP per ROH.
Figure 4 in Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Figure 4. SNP-based analyses of population structure. A, discriminant analysis of the principal components (DAPC) analysis of genetic structure for two subspecies' genetic clusters (on the left) and, B, for seven populations (on the right). Each colour shade represents subspecies or population genetic clusters, respectively. Every point represents an individual, while inertia ellipses represent 67% of the individuals. Discriminant analysis eigenvalues are displayed by small insets. C, admixture analysis for K = 2. Each vertical bar shows an individual level of shared ancestry between the two subspecies. The two bands below the admixture plot mark individual's subspecies and population affiliation, respectively.
Figure 5 in Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Figure 5. Pairwise FineRADStructure co-ancestry analysis of 148 genotyped specimens. Ancestral population labels are displayed on the vertical and horizontal axes. Upper horizontal bar stands for subspecies genetic clusters: L. s. svecica—left label, intermediate—centre, L. s. cyanecula—right. Lower horizontal bar depicts population origin if the individuals using the same coding as in Fig. 3.
Figure 3 in Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Figure 3. The Cytb haplotype network of red-spotted and white-spotted bluethroat populations. Pie charts illustrate the haplotype variants shared among populations. Each circle represents a unique haplotype variant. Sizes of the circles are proportional to the number of individuals. Hatch marks on the branches represent the number of mutational steps that separate haplotypes. Black circles represent hypothetical haplotypes. Red-spotted bluethroat populations are: 1. Krkonoše Mountains (Sve_Krk); 2. Kola (Sve_Klp); 3. Abisko (Sve_Abi). Whitespotted populations are: 1. Třeboňsko (Cya_Trb); 2. St Petersburg (Cya_Stp); 3. Vomáčka (Cya_Vmk); 4. Krkonose Mountains (Cya_Krk). The haplotype marked with the red asterisk is a shared haplotype found in both subspecies.
Figure 1 in Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Figure 1. Locations of sampled individuals of red-spotted (L. s. svecica) and white-spotted (L. s. cyanecula) bluethroat. L. s. svecica locations: Kola peninsula, Russia (Sve_Klp); Abisko, Sweden (Sve_Abi) and Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic (Sve_Krk). L. s. cyanecula locations are: Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic (Cya_Krk); Vomáčka, Czech Republic (Cya_Vmk);Třeboňsko, Czech Republic (Cya_Trb) and St. Petersburg, Russia (Cya_Stp). Inset: close-up of the populations in the Czech Republic.
Figure 2 in Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Figure 2. Box plot comparison of genome-wide heterozygosity by segregating sites at subspecies level (left) and at population level (right). Mean values are marked by a horizontal bar.
Data from: Sperm morphology, sperm motility and paternity success in the bluethroat (Luscinia svecica)
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Geolocator tagging of east Siberian bluethroats
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Morphological bluethroat dataset
<p>In temperate mountain ranges, sharp spatial variations in habitat heterogeneity and climate provide a perfect study setup to assess genetic and phenotypic differentiation in bird populations. In this paper, we analyzed morphological divergence patterns across geographic and environmental gradients, in correlation with genetic differentiation and geographic isolation, in the breeding grounds of a long-distance migrant passerine.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>NorthWestern Iberian mountains.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b></p> <p>Iberian bluethroat, <i>Luscina svecica azuricollis.</i></p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We collected a sample of 625 Iberian bluethroats across their whole breeding distribution area to measure body weight and tarsus length, as well as wing length and pointedness. Morphological differentiation across geographic (latitude and altitude) and environmental (climate and vegetation) gradients was assessed using GLMMs. Additionally, the role of genetic distance and geographic isolation as drivers of morphological differentiation was evaluated with Mantel tests.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Bird morphology varied significantly with latitude and altitude, but not with climate or vegetation. In the case of latitude, morphological differences in body size were contrary to what was expected according to Bergmann's rule. All biometric and morphometric variables diverged significantly among localities. A similar trend was found for genetic clusters, except for the case of wing shape. Body weight and wing length were both correlated to geographical distance, while only the former varied with genetic differentiation. The greatest genetic and phenotypic differentiation was detected in the southernmost mountain range that holds the most geographically isolated genetic group.</p> <p><b>Main conclusion</b></p> <p><span>As expected, Iberian breeding bluethroats show strong latitudinal phenotypic differentiation that correlates with geographic isolation and genetic distance. Nevertheless, some deviances from this pattern occur for biometric variables with greater selective pressure, which points to local adaptations related to migratory strategies. On the opposite of what was hypothesized, body size was inversely correlated to latitude.</span></p>
Morphological bluethroat dataset
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