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545 results for “Borders”
Habitatquarries: distribution of underground marl quarries in the Flemish Region and border areas, with the Flemish distribution of Natura 2000 habitat type 8310
<p><strong>General</strong></p> <p>The data source is a geospatial collection of polygons that correspond with the presence or absence of the Natura 2000 Annex I habitat type 8310 (Caves not open to the public) in the Flemish Region (and border areas), Belgium. </p> <p>The dataset contains all known, not collapsed, underground marl quarries in Flanders. Several of these quarries have their entrance in or run underground to the neighboring regions/countries.</p> <p>In general, different polygons represent different quarry units with their own internal climatic environment. Units that cross Flemish borders have been split into separate polygons. Exceptionally they may overlap if such units are situated above each other. </p> <p>For safety reasons, the dataset only contains the contour of the quarries, and no details like floor plans or entrances. For admission to research the indoor climate, please contact the Quarries and Safety Department of the municipality of Riemst (<a href="https://www.riemst.be/nl/wonen/groeven">https://www.riemst.be/nl/wonen/groeven</a>; <a href="mailto:mike.lahaye@riemst.be">mike.lahaye@riemst.be</a>).</p> <p>The data source is produced, owned and administered by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO, a scientific institute of the Flemish government).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Technical aspects</strong></p> <p>The data source is a GeoPackage that contains:</p> <ul> <li> <p>a spatial polygon layer ‘<code>habitatquarries</code>’ in the Belgian Lambert 72 coordinate reference system (EPSG-code <a href="https://epsg.io/31370">31370</a>);</p> </li> <li> <p>a non-spatial table ‘<code>extra_references</code>’ with site-specific bibliographic references.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The data source has been based on an unpublished shapefile used in De Saeger & Lahaye (2019) and on a BibTeX bibliography file. See R-code in the GitHub repository <a href="https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/tree/c0821eb/src/generate_habitatquarries">'n2khab-preprocessing' at commit c0821eb</a> for the creation.</p> <p>A reading function to return <code>habitatquarries</code> (this data source) in a standardized way into the R environment is provided by the R-package <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab/">n2khab</a>.</p> <p>The attributes of the spatial polygon layer ‘<code>habitatquarries</code>’ are: </p> <ul> <li> <p><code>polygon_id</code>: a unique number per polygon; </p> </li> <li> <p><code>unit_id</code>: a unique number for each quarry unit. Quarry units consisting of several polygons (= partly outside the Flemish region) have a number greater than 100;</p> </li> <li> <p><code>name</code>: name of the site;</p> </li> <li> <p><code>habitattype</code>: either:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>8310</code> (habitat type 8310)</p> </li> <li> <p><code>gh</code> (no Natura 2000 type)</p> </li> <li> <p>missing (outside of the Flemish Region);</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>extra_reference</code>: extra reference with more information.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The non-spatial table <code>extra_references</code> provides the bibliography referred to by the spatial attribute <code>extra_reference</code>. It was derived from a BibTeX bibliography file by using the R-package <a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/bib2df">bib2df</a>, and it is back-convertible into one (see R-package <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab/">n2khab</a>). The original bibliography file is also available in the above linked ‘n2khab-preprocessing’ repository.</p>
Survey data on people's forest use patterns and perceptions of border security measures in Białowieża Forest region, Poland
<p>A survey was conducted in June-July 2022 to obtain information about people's forest use patterns and opinions and feelings about border security measures (state of emergency, border zone closure, militarization) instituted in northeastern Poland starting in September 2021. Participants were informed that the survey was voluntary and anonymous. Participants were not obliged to respond to all questions and could stop the survey at any time. Survey completion and submission implied consent to participate. Participants had to be at least 18 years of age to take part in the survey. They had to be residents of the Białowieża Forest region. 100 persons participated in the survey. Of these 100 persons, 44 identified as local (born in the region). Data are coded and a key is provided. Some responses are aggregated and only responses to close-ended questions are shared, to prevent disclosure of potentially identifying information. </p>
GeoERA RESOURCE H3O-PLUS data set which contains hydraulic properties of prime aquifers and aquitards in the Dutch-Flemish-German cross-border area
<p>Dataset which contains information about hydraulic properties of harmonized hydrogeological units in the Dutch-Flemish-German cross-border region which was compiled in the GeoERA RESOURCE project under WP3 H3O-PLUS. The harmonization of the 3D geometry of the cross-border hydrogeological units in the H3O projects constituted a major step towards a common hydrogeological dataset of the Roer Valley Graben and thus the harmonization of groundwater flow models. The database that was compiled provides the characterization of these hydrogeological units with respect to their hydraulic properties, primarily their hydraulic conductivity.<br> The associated report and appendices describe the database of hydraulic properties of aquifers and aquitards based on common criteria. Attention is also given to the characterization of hydraulic properties of faults.</p>
Cross-border Migrant Entrepreneurship in Switzerland
<p>Across the globe, entrepreneurship is promoted as an opportunity for migrants and refugees to use their various economic potentials and contribute to society. Yet, these debates often portray the phenomenon as static and homogenous, ignoring diverse mobility patterns and the fact that not everyone is in a position to start a successful business.<br> The presented study examines the lived experiences of migrants from different<br> backgrounds trying to create a business in Switzerland. Building on the mobility perspective, it explores how entrepreneurship is embedded in individual im/mobility trajectories that go beyond a single movement from an origin to a destination country but include ongoing mobilities between several countries. Methodologically, it is based on 34 biographic interviews, as well as ethnographic observations within an organisation that supports migrant entrepreneurship in Zurich.<br> The study contributes by showing how the interviewees try to capitalise on their experiences of living in multiple places and how this process is shaped by intersecting social markers, such as socio-economic position, gender/ family situation, and legal status.</p> <p>Codebook along DDI standard in pdf and xml formats, scanned maps in jpg format.</p>
Pandemic Border Discourses Dataset and Codebook - Swiss Case
<p>The Pandemic Border Discourses project identifies and compares the evolution of discourses restricting internal and external mobility in Europe as the Covid-19 pandemic is unfolding. It is designed to show how political actors use discourses to justify their decisions in emergency situations, and analyse whether and how unforeseen systemic pressure disrupts bordering discourses and practices. It contributes to a better understanding of the political, social and economic issues driving policy decision in times of crisis, above all the tension between national interest and transnational solidarity.</p> <p>This coding manual explains our data collection strategy and introduces the variables of the dataset. Building on a core-sentence analysis method, we collect and analyse institutional discourses about mobility during the Covid-19 crisis on Twitter.</p> <p> </p>
Border Permeability Dataset
<p>The Global Mobilities Project's Border Permeability Dataset contains, for 312 land borders globally, information on how permeable the border is in terms of cross-border transport infrastructure and potential controls via border checkpoints. Automatized computational methods combined with extensive manual checks were used to parse data from OpenStreetMap and the World Food Programme to detect cross-border transport infrastructure and checkpoints. Apart from various specifications of the overall border permeability index (BPI), the dataset also contains information on the amount of individual infrastructure types such as highways, cycleways, footpaths, railroads, etc. at land borders worldwide. Almost 40 different infrastructure types are covered.</p> <p>Please cite as:</p> <p>Deutschmann, E., L. Gabrielli & E. Recchi. 2023. Roads, Rails, and Checkpoints: Assessing the Permeability of Nation-State Borders Worldwide. <em>World Development</em> 164: 106175. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106175">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106175</a></p>
Figure 3 in Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization
Figure 3. Generalized tracks (GT A–L) of dung beetles, different biotic components observed in the Pantanal–Cerrado Border.
Data for sensitivity analysis of Hübler, M., M. Wiese, M. Braun and J. Damster (2023): The distributional effects of CO2 pricing at home and at the border on German income groups
<p>This dataset contains the output files used in the sensitivity analysis of the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model developed in Hübler et al. (2023). Each folder is labeled with the respective set of sector-level elasticity of substitution parameters considered in the analysis: elasticities between domestically produced versus imported goods (esubd), Armington elasticities (esubm) and elasticities between production factors (esubva).</p> <p>For each set of parameters, we generate 1000 random draws from a +-10 % interval around each of the sector-specific elasticities, resulting in 1000 sets of sectoral parameter values. Each .xlsx output file located in a dedicated subfolder corresponds to a model run with a specific set of parameter values. In addition, we conduct sensitivity analyses of two individual parameters, namely the CO2 target (CO2factor) considered in our policy scenarios and the elasticity of substitution in consumption (esub_cons).</p> <p>The sensitivity analysis is carried out using the <a href="https://snakemake.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">Snakeflow</a> workflow management system, and R code for generating parameter spaces and processing the output files is available on <a href="https://github.com/mariuslbraun/climate-trade-distribution-sensitivity">GitHub</a>.</p>
Identifying the proximal cue(s) for pupal color variation in the bordered patch butterfly, Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer 1837; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
<p>Color is a multifaceted trait with many functions such as predator defense, thermoregulation, and immune response. We investigated pupal color variation in <em>Chlosyne lacinia</em> pupae, focusing on identifying the cue for increased melanization. Through laboratory experiments, we demonstrated pupae reared on black backgrounds exhibited significantly higher melanization compared to those on white backgrounds. Additionally, black pupae experienced longer developmental periods, suggesting a trade-off between defense and developmental time. Our findings support crypsis as a likely evolutionary driver for increased melanization in response to substrate color. We discuss potential implications for predator avoidance, immune response, and developmental costs associated with melanization. This study provides insights into the adaptive significance of pupal melanization in response to environmental cues, shedding light on the complex interplay between life history traits in butterflies.</p>
CROSSBOW HLU2-UC7-TC4 Real curtailment required to reduce cross-border congestion
<p>This dataset summarizes the amount of energy that should be curtailed in order to obtain the desired reduction at the monitored cross-border line.</p> <p>This amount is not linear and depending on the congestion size, the curtailment cost might be really expensive. This data summarizes the KPI results of analysing the real curtailment requirements when facing different congestions. Two scenarios are considered:</p> <ul> <li>In the line between substations GKORIN and G1ARGOS</li> <li>In the line between substations G2PATR31 and GSIMOP31</li> </ul> <p>For each unit of power reduction needed (x-axis) the corresponding curtailment required is presented (y-axis)</p>
Shoreline data at 30-m spatial resolution for regions of the USA, in geoJSON format. Region 3: Lousiana/Florida border to Georgia/South Carolina border
<p>Data file: SE_USA_Louisiana_Georgia_ref_shoreline.geojson</p> <p>Region: Lousiana/Florida border to Georgia/South Carolina border</p> <p>Data fields:</p> <ol> <li>MEAN_SIG_WAVEHEIGHT</li> <li>TIDAL_RANGE</li> <li>CHLOROPHYLL</li> <li>TURBIDITY</li> <li>TEMP_MOISTURE</li> <li>EMU_PHYSICAL</li> <li>REGIONAL_SINUOSITY</li> <li>GHM</li> <li>MAX_SLOPE %</li> <li>OUTFLOW_DENSITY</li> <li>ERODIBILITY</li> <li>LENGTH_GEO</li> <li>ch_label</li> <li>river_label</li> <li>sinuosity_label</li> <li>slope_label</li> <li>tidal_label</li> <li>turbid_label</li> <li>wave_label</li> <li>CSU_Descriptor</li> <li>CSU_ID</li> </ol> <p>The data originally come from https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/outgoing/ecosystems/Global/USGSEsriGlobalCoastalSegmentsv1.mpk</p> <p>The data are described in the following publication</p> <p>Roger Sayre, Suzanne Noble, Sharon Hamann, Rebecca Smith, Dawn Wright, Sean Breyer, Kevin Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Dabney Hopkins, Drew Stephens, Kevin Kelly, Zeenatul Basher, Devon Burton, Jill Cress, Karina Atkins, D. Paco Van Sistine, Beverly Friesen, Rebecca Allee, Tom Allen, Peter Aniello, Irawan Asaad, Mark John Costello, Kathy Goodin, Peter Harris, Maria Kavanaugh, Helen Lillis, Eleonora Manca, Frank Muller-Karger, Bjorn Nyberg, Rost Parsons, Justin Saarinen, Jac Steiner & Adam Reed (2019) A new 30 meter resolution global shoreline vector and associated global islands database for the development of standardized ecological coastal units, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 12:sup2, S47-S56, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714">10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</a></p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, resulting in a new characterisation of the number and size of global islands. Three size classes of islands were mapped: continental mainlands (5), islands greater than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (21,818), and islands smaller than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (318,868). The GSV represents the shore zone land and water interface boundary, and is a spatially explicit ecological domain separator between terrestrial and marine environments. The development and characteristics of the GSV are presented herein. An approach is also proposed for delineating standardised, high spatial resolution global ecological coastal units (ECUs). For this coastal ecosystem mapping effort, the GSV will be used to separate the nearshore coastal waters from the onshore coastal lands. The work to produce the GSV and the ECUs is commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and is associated with several GEO initiatives including GEO Ecosystems, GEO Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and GEO Blue Planet.</p> <p>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</p>
Shoreline data at 30-m spatial resolution for regions of the USA, in geoJSON format. Region 4: Mexico/Texas border to Lousiana/Georgia border
<p>Data file: S_USA_Texas_Louisiana_ref_shoreline.geojson</p> <p>Region: Mexico/Texas border to Lousiana/Georgia border</p> <p>Data fields:</p> <ol> <li>MEAN_SIG_WAVEHEIGHT</li> <li>TIDAL_RANGE</li> <li>CHLOROPHYLL</li> <li>TURBIDITY</li> <li>TEMP_MOISTURE</li> <li>EMU_PHYSICAL</li> <li>REGIONAL_SINUOSITY</li> <li>GHM</li> <li>MAX_SLOPE %</li> <li>OUTFLOW_DENSITY</li> <li>ERODIBILITY</li> <li>LENGTH_GEO</li> <li>ch_label</li> <li>river_label</li> <li>sinuosity_label</li> <li>slope_label</li> <li>tidal_label</li> <li>turbid_label</li> <li>wave_label</li> <li>CSU_Descriptor</li> <li>CSU_ID</li> </ol> <p>The data originally come from https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/outgoing/ecosystems/Global/USGSEsriGlobalCoastalSegmentsv1.mpk</p> <p>The data are described in the following publication</p> <p>Roger Sayre, Suzanne Noble, Sharon Hamann, Rebecca Smith, Dawn Wright, Sean Breyer, Kevin Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Dabney Hopkins, Drew Stephens, Kevin Kelly, Zeenatul Basher, Devon Burton, Jill Cress, Karina Atkins, D. Paco Van Sistine, Beverly Friesen, Rebecca Allee, Tom Allen, Peter Aniello, Irawan Asaad, Mark John Costello, Kathy Goodin, Peter Harris, Maria Kavanaugh, Helen Lillis, Eleonora Manca, Frank Muller-Karger, Bjorn Nyberg, Rost Parsons, Justin Saarinen, Jac Steiner & Adam Reed (2019) A new 30 meter resolution global shoreline vector and associated global islands database for the development of standardized ecological coastal units, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 12:sup2, S47-S56, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714">10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</a></p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, resulting in a new characterisation of the number and size of global islands. Three size classes of islands were mapped: continental mainlands (5), islands greater than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (21,818), and islands smaller than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (318,868). The GSV represents the shore zone land and water interface boundary, and is a spatially explicit ecological domain separator between terrestrial and marine environments. The development and characteristics of the GSV are presented herein. An approach is also proposed for delineating standardised, high spatial resolution global ecological coastal units (ECUs). For this coastal ecosystem mapping effort, the GSV will be used to separate the nearshore coastal waters from the onshore coastal lands. The work to produce the GSV and the ECUs is commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and is associated with several GEO initiatives including GEO Ecosystems, GEO Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and GEO Blue Planet.</p> <p>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</p>
Shoreline data at 30-m spatial resolution for regions of the USA, in geoJSON format. Region 2: Georgia/South Carolina border to North Carolina/Delaware border
<p>Data file: E_USA_SouthCarolina_NorthCarolina_ref_shoreline.geojson</p> <p>Region: Georgia/South Carolina border to North Carolina/Delaware border</p> <p>Data fields:</p> <ol> <li>MEAN_SIG_WAVEHEIGHT</li> <li>TIDAL_RANGE</li> <li>CHLOROPHYLL</li> <li>TURBIDITY</li> <li>TEMP_MOISTURE</li> <li>EMU_PHYSICAL</li> <li>REGIONAL_SINUOSITY</li> <li>GHM</li> <li>MAX_SLOPE %</li> <li>OUTFLOW_DENSITY</li> <li>ERODIBILITY</li> <li>LENGTH_GEO</li> <li>ch_label</li> <li>river_label</li> <li>sinuosity_label</li> <li>slope_label</li> <li>tidal_label</li> <li>turbid_label</li> <li>wave_label</li> <li>CSU_Descriptor</li> <li>CSU_ID</li> </ol> <p>The data originally come from https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/outgoing/ecosystems/Global/USGSEsriGlobalCoastalSegmentsv1.mpk</p> <p>The data are described in the following publication</p> <p>Roger Sayre, Suzanne Noble, Sharon Hamann, Rebecca Smith, Dawn Wright, Sean Breyer, Kevin Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Dabney Hopkins, Drew Stephens, Kevin Kelly, Zeenatul Basher, Devon Burton, Jill Cress, Karina Atkins, D. Paco Van Sistine, Beverly Friesen, Rebecca Allee, Tom Allen, Peter Aniello, Irawan Asaad, Mark John Costello, Kathy Goodin, Peter Harris, Maria Kavanaugh, Helen Lillis, Eleonora Manca, Frank Muller-Karger, Bjorn Nyberg, Rost Parsons, Justin Saarinen, Jac Steiner & Adam Reed (2019) A new 30 meter resolution global shoreline vector and associated global islands database for the development of standardized ecological coastal units, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 12:sup2, S47-S56, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714">10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</a></p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, resulting in a new characterisation of the number and size of global islands. Three size classes of islands were mapped: continental mainlands (5), islands greater than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (21,818), and islands smaller than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (318,868). The GSV represents the shore zone land and water interface boundary, and is a spatially explicit ecological domain separator between terrestrial and marine environments. The development and characteristics of the GSV are presented herein. An approach is also proposed for delineating standardised, high spatial resolution global ecological coastal units (ECUs). For this coastal ecosystem mapping effort, the GSV will be used to separate the nearshore coastal waters from the onshore coastal lands. The work to produce the GSV and the ECUs is commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and is associated with several GEO initiatives including GEO Ecosystems, GEO Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and GEO Blue Planet.</p> <p>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</p>
Weaving the Penelope Fabric. Part I: Starting Borders.
<p>A famous vase from Chiusi depicts Penelope in front of a patterned fabric. The video demonstrates how such a fabric could have been woven on a warp-weighted loom, and presents the technique of combining two starting borders in tablet-weaving. The footage stems from 2009 when Ellen Harlizius-Klück tried out the possibilities of a warp-weighted loom within an exhibition on ancient textile technology in the Clothiers Museum Bramsche (Germany).</p>
Travel time by rail as a determinant of the system of cross-border linkages of Polish metropolises – dynamic approach 1970–2020
<p>The dataset is an outcome of the research project "<strong>Travel time by rail as a determinant of the system of cross-border linkages of Polish metropolises – dynamic approach 1970–2020</strong>" supported by the National Science Centre (Poland) under the "Miniatura 4" funding scheme (project no. 2020/04/X/HS4/00525).<br> <br> The exploratory aim of the project is to assess a dynamics of the system of cross-border linkages of Polish metropolises over the past five decades, by investigating the duration of international rail connections. Covering such a long period was possible thanks to utilising the archival train timetables, copies of which can be found, among others, in the holdings of the Polish National Library in Warsaw. Furthermore, the methodological aim of the project intends to test a universal measure of functional linkages – the relative travel deceleration index. The linkages between two sets of cities were studied: eleven Polish cities, considered in the literature as existing or potential metropolises (Warszawa, Katowice, Kraków, Gdańsk, Łódź, Poznań, Wrocław, Szczecin, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Białystok), and twelve foreign cities – capitals of neighbouring countries (Berlin, Praha, Bratislava, Kyiv, Minsk, Vilnius) and the cities with more than 400,000 inhabitants, located within a buffer of 250 km from the Polish border (Leipzig, Dresden, Wien, Budapest, Lviv, Kaliningrad). Eleven time sections are taken into account, from 1970 to 2021.<br> <br> Spatial analyses using GIS software were the starting point. The characteristics of the ideal linkage arrangement were identified. The actual situation occurring in selected years, as described in the timetables, was then compared with it. The proposed deceleration index, measured in %, makes it possible to assess a degree of variation of the shortest travel time observed between a given pair of cities in relation to the time that would occur in a situation with a straight railway line, constant speed, no stops and barriers such as national borders. The factors contributing to this deceleration (the so-called components of deceleration) were also analysed: a layout of rail network, a course of train route, a condition of infrastructure, an organisation of services (waiting time for a change of train) and operations associated with crossing of border affecting its permeability (in the case of Polish eastern border additional time-consuming gauge change of carriages).<br> <br> The dataset consists of:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Methodological framework for the research </strong>explaining the way in which the components of travel deceleration are defined [.pdf file; name: 1_schemat_metodyki_badan; description in Polish].</li> <li><strong>Geospatial vector data in shapefile format</strong> [.zip file; name: 2_dane_GIS_shapefile] featuring: <ul> <li>buffer of 250 km around the state borders of Poland [name: bufor_250km; type: polygon];</li> <li>spatial distribution of the sets of 11 cities in Poland [name: miasta_polskie; type: point] and 12 cities abroad [name: miasta_zagranica; type: point];</li> <li>ideal arrangement of the 132 studied cross-border linkages – the shortest paths connecting pairs of the cities and representing a physical distance measured along the orthodrome [name: powiazania_miast_stan_idealny; type: line];</li> <li>optimal arrangement of the 132 studied cross-border linkages – the shortest paths connecting pairs of the cities and representing a distance measured along the railway network in two variants, before and after the opening of the CMK and LHS lines in Poland [names: najkrotsze_trasy_1970-1975_komponent_1.shp and najkrotsze_trasy_1980-2020_komponent_1.shp; type: polyline]; </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Records of the train timetable analyses</strong> including the relative travel deceleration index and the structure of the components of deceleration [.xlsx file; name: 3_struktura_komponentow_spowolnienia; description in Polish];</li> <li><strong>Supplementary table 1 </strong>– cross-border distances (in km) according to the train timetable [.xlsx file; name: 4_tebala_pomocnicza_odleglosci_transgraniczne; description in Polish];</li> <li><strong>Supplementary table 2 </strong>– domestic distances (in km) according to the train timetable [.xlsx file; name: 5_tebala_pomocnicza_odleglosci_w_polsce; description in Polish];</li> <li><strong>Supplementary table 3 </strong>– estimation of time losses in the total travel time associated with accelerating and braking of train for the theoretical variant without intermediate stops (simplified calculation based on kinematics principles) [.xlsx file; name: 6_tebala_pomocnicza_straty_czasu_rozruch_hamowanie; description in Polish].</li> </ol>
Text-fig. 7. Hamamelidoxylon crystalliferum sp. nov., UF 279-34464. a: Diffuse porous wood with exclusively solitary vessels, tending to be angular in outline, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, marked by radially narrowed fibers, latewood vessels narrower than earlywood vessels of the next ring, fibers thick-walled, no axial parenchyma visible, TS. c: Scalariform intervessel pits in narrow vessel (left), fibers with distinctly bordered pits, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate, tyloses (T) formation from marginal ray cell, TLS. e: Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 15 bars (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 7. Hamamelidoxylon crystalliferum sp. nov., UF 279-34464. a: Diffuse porous wood with exclusively solitary vessels, tending to be angular in outline, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, marked by radially narrowed fibers, latewood vessels narrower than earlywood vessels of the next ring, fibers thick-walled, no axial parenchyma visible, TS. c: Scalariform intervessel pits in narrow vessel (left), fibers with distinctly bordered pits, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate, tyloses (T) formation from marginal ray cell, TLS. e: Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 15 bars (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with
Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l.
Text-fig. 1. Pistacia terrazasae sp. nov., a: UF 279-85025; b–i: UF 279-24545. a: Ring-porous wood with widely spaced solitary earlywood vessels; latewood vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more and in clusters, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, fiber walls thin to thick, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessels, TLS. d: Multiseriate rays to 4-seriate, tyloses in vessels, helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element, and alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, oval in outline, RLS. f: Marginal row of upright cells, one inflated and crystalliferous, procumbent body cells, RLS. g: Multiseriate rays mostly 3-seriate, occasionally 4-seriate, uniseriate rays usually <10 cells tall, TLS. h: Ray with enlarged crystalliferous marginal cell, to left of C, TLS. i: Ray with canal, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, g; 100 µm in b, d, h; 50 µm in c, i; 20 µm in e, f. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 1. Pistacia terrazasae sp. nov., a: UF 279-85025; b–i: UF 279-24545. a: Ring-porous wood with widely spaced solitary earlywood vessels; latewood vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more and in clusters, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, fiber walls thin to thick, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessels, TLS. d: Multiseriate rays to 4-seriate, tyloses in vessels, helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element, and alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, oval in outline, RLS. f: Marginal row of upright cells, one inflated and crystalliferous, procumbent body cells, RLS. g: Multiseriate rays mostly 3-seriate, occasionally 4-seriate, uniseriate rays usually <10 cells tall, TLS. h: Ray with enlarged crystalliferous marginal cell, to left of C, TLS. i: Ray with canal, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, g; 100 µm in b, d, h; 50 µm in c, i; 20 µm in e, f.
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f.
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.