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21 results for “Bothriechis”
Plate 37. Bothriechis lateralis Peters, 1862 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism
Plate 37. Bothriechis lateralis Peters, 1862. The Coffee Palmviper is a priority one species with an EVS of 16. distributed in "the cordilleras of Costa Rica and western Panama (Savage, 2002: 724). This individual came from La Nevera, Serranía de Tabasará, Panama. Photo by Abel Batista.
Plate 38. Bothriechis nigroviridis Peters, 1859 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism
Plate 38. Bothriechis nigroviridis Peters, 1859. The Black-speckled Palm-pitviper is a priority one species with an EVS of 17, which ranges along "the cordilleras of Costa Rica and western Panama" (Savage, 2002: 725). This individual was found at Jurutungo, in the province of Chiriquí, Panama. Photo by Javier Sunyer.
Data from: Reticulate evolution in nuclear Middle America causes discordance in the phylogeny of palm‐pitvipers (Viperidae: Bothriechis)
Aim: A number of processes can lead to weak or conflicting phylogenetic signals, especially in geographically dynamic regions where unstable landscapes and climates promote complex evolutionary histories. The Middle American pitviper genus Bothriechis has a complex biogeographic distribution and previous phylogenetic analyses have recovered conflicting topologies based on the data type used. Here, we tested whether historic conflicts in the phylogeny were the result of reticulate evolution and whether the inferred biogeographic history of the group would enable contact among reticulate lineages. Location: Middle America Taxon: Palm-Pitvipers (genus Bothriechis) Methods: We generated a phylogenomic dataset using an anchored phylogenomics approach and inferred a genomics-based species tree and mitochondrial tree to assess incongruence among datasets. We then generated a dated phylogeny and conducted ancestral area reconstruction to examine the biogeographic history surrounding the diversification of these species. We additionally tested whether the discordance among trees is better explained by lineage sorting or reticulate evolution by testing models of reticulate evolution inferred through multiple methods. Results: We found strong support for discordance in the phylogeny of <i>Bothriechis</i> and corresponding evidence for reticulate evolution among lineages with incongruent placement. Ancestral area reconstruction placed these taxa in adjacent regions during the time period when reticulation was projected to take place and suggested a biogeographic history heavily influenced by vicariant processes. Main conclusions: Reticulation among geographically proximate lineages has driven apparent genomic discordance in Bothriechis and is responsible for historical incongruence in the phylogeny. Inference of the order of events suggests that reticulation in Nuclear Middle American occurred during a time of geologic upheaval, promoting lineage divergence and secondary contact. Reticulate evolution and similar processes can have substantial impacts on the evolutionary trajectory of taxa and are important to explicitly test for in biogeographically complex regions. Main conclusions: Reticulation among geographically proximate lineages has driven apparent genomic discordance in Bothriechis and is responsible for historical incongruence in the phylogeny. Inference of the order of events suggests that reticulation in Nuclear Middle American occurred during a time of geologic upheaval, promoting lineage divergence and secondary contact. Reticulate evolution and similar processes can have substantial impacts on the evolutionary trajectory of taxa and are important to explicitly test for in biogeographically complex regions.
Data from: Reticulate evolution in nuclear Middle America causes discordance in the phylogeny of palm‐pitvipers (Viperidae: Bothriechis)
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FIGURE 6 in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 6. Topographical map indicating localities of Bothriechis nigroviridis (black symbols) and B. nubestris sp. n. (blue symbols) used in this study: 72 used in morphological analyses (circles), 21 used in genetic analyses (squares), and 3 used in both (triangles).
FIGURE 5 in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of male paratype UCR 11151 from San Gerardo, Costa Rica. Scale bar = 20 mm. The diagnostic kidney-shaped supraoculars and partial scale rows between the supralabials and suboculars are highlighted.
FIGURE 4 in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 4. Photographs of Bothriechis nubestris sp. n. in life. Top photographer: John Tashjian; middle and bottom photographer Wayne van Devender.
FIGURE 3 in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 3. Principal component scores of 64 specimens of Bothriechis nigroviridis and B. nubestris on the first three factors; PC1 and PC2 together explain 40.9% of the total variance and PC3 explains an additional 10.0% of the variance. B. nigroviridis are represented by black dots; blue dots represent the new species. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval for each group.
FIGURE 7. A–C in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 7. A–C. Variation among interoculabial scales between supralabials and suboculars. (A) Bothriechis nubestris (UCR 12356) displaying two complete rows of interoculabial scales between supralabials and suboculars. (B) Bothriechis nigroviridis (UCR 16518) displaying a single row of scales between supralabials and suboculars. (C) Bothriechis nigroviridis (UCR 15428) displaying partial rows of scales between supralabials and suboculars.
FIGURE 2 in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 2. Bayesian inference phylogeny of the palm-pitviper genus Bothriechis. The tree represents the 50% majority-rule consensus resulting from a concatenated data set of three mitochondrial loci and one nuclear locus (16S, cyt B, ND4 and Rag-1; 3074 base pairs total). Posterior probabilities above 0.8 are shown; black dots represent nodes with posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95.
FIGURE 1 in A cryptic palm-pitviper species (Squamata: Viperidae: Bothriechis) from the Costa Rican highlands, with notes on the variation within B. nigroviridis
FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of the palm-pitviper genus Bothriechis based on separate mitochondrial and nuclear gene analyses. The mtDNA tree represents the Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus resulting from analysis of three mitochondrial loci (16S, cyt B, ND4; 2091 base pairs total). The nDNA tree represents the Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus resulting from analysis of the nuclear locus Rag-1 (983 base pairs total). Posterior probabilities above 0.5 are shown; black dots represent nodes with posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95.
Supplementary material 1 from: Arteaga A, Pyron RA, Batista A, Vieira J, Meneses Pelayo E, Smith EN, Barrio Amorós CL, Koch C, Agne S, Valencia JH, Bustamante L, Harris KJ (2024) Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three. Evolutionary Systematics 8(1): 15-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527
Morphological and locality data for specimens of Bothriechis examined either directly or indirectly through digital photographs
Supplementary material 3 from: Arteaga A, Pyron RA, Batista A, Vieira J, Meneses Pelayo E, Smith EN, Barrio Amorós CL, Koch C, Agne S, Valencia JH, Bustamante L, Harris KJ (2024) Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three. Evolutionary Systematics 8(1): 15-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527
Locality data used to create distribution maps
Supplementary material 2 from: Arteaga A, Pyron RA, Batista A, Vieira J, Meneses Pelayo E, Smith EN, Barrio Amorós CL, Koch C, Agne S, Valencia JH, Bustamante L, Harris KJ (2024) Systematic revision of the Eyelash Palm-Pitviper Bothriechis schlegelii (Serpentes, Viperidae), with the description of five new species and revalidation of three. Evolutionary Systematics 8(1): 15-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.114527
GenBank accession numbers
Figure 5 from: Townsend J, Medina-Flores M, Wilson L, Jadin R, Austin J (2013) A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4834
Figure 5 - Paratypes of Bothriechis guifarroi in life; A USNM 579874, green-phase juvenile B USNM 579873, brown-phase juvenile C close-up of head of USNM 579874 D close-up of head of USNM 579873 E USNM 579875, female paratype photographed in situ at Cerro El Chino, 1,420 m elevation. Photographs by JHT.
Figure 6 from: Townsend J, Medina-Flores M, Wilson L, Jadin R, Austin J (2013) A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4834
Figure 6 - Variation in dorsal head scales among paratypes of Bothriechis guifarroi; A USNM 579877, adult female B MVZ 269305, adult male C USNM 579876, adult female D USNM 579875, adult female E USNM 579878, adult male F USNM 579873, neonate G USNM 579874, neonate. Photographs by JHT.
Figure 7 from: Townsend J, Medina-Flores M, Wilson L, Jadin R, Austin J (2013) A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4834
Figure 7 - Geographic distribution of selected Bothriechis species and populations discussed in the text; localities are based on data published herein and those of Campbell and Lamar (2004), McCranie (2011a), and Savage (2002); red diamond = type locality of Bothriechis guifarroi in Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat; black diamond = referred population of Bothriechis guifarroi from Parque Nacional Pico Bonito; circles = Bothriechis sp. inquirenda populations for the Sierra de Sulaco; squares = Bothriechis marchi; triangles = Bothriechis thalassinus, inverted triangles = Bothriechis lateralis.
Figure 4 from: Townsend J, Medina-Flores M, Wilson L, Jadin R, Austin J (2013) A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4834
Figure 4 - Habitat in the vicinity of the type locality of Bothriechis guifarroi,La Liberación, Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat, Honduras; A riparian vegetation along the Río Jilamito, 1,015 m elevation B small seepage pond near the top of Cerro El Chino, 1,380 m elevation C premontane rainforest with the clearing aroundLa Liberación (1,030 m elevation) visible in the foreground. Photographs by JHT.
Figure 1 from: Townsend J, Medina-Flores M, Wilson L, Jadin R, Austin J (2013) A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4834
Figure 1 - Phylogeny of palm-pitvipers (genus Bothriechis), showing strong support for a species-level clade of the Texíguat population (Bothriechis sp. n.) that is sister to Bothriechis lateralis. The tree was estimated from a Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus composed from a concatenated mitochondrial dataset (ND4, cyt b, 12S, and 16S; total of 2263 bp). Numbers at nodes represent values of Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP, left) and Maximum Likelihood bootstraps (BS, right). Nodes supported by ≥ 95% PP and ≥ 70 BS are considered highly supported.
Figure 3 from: Townsend J, Medina-Flores M, Wilson L, Jadin R, Austin J (2013) A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís Highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4834
Figure 3 - Dorsal, lateral, and ventral aspects of the head of the holotype of Bothriechis guifarroi (UTA R-60303). Photographs by RCJ.
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