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28 results for “Bovine tuberculosis”
A scoping review on bovine tuberculosis highlights the need for novel data streams and analytical approaches to curb zoonotic diseases
<p>The following data and scripts are part of the manuscript titled 'A scoping review on bovine tuberculosis highlights the need for novel data streams and analytical approaches to curb zoonotic diseases' which is currently going through the peer-review process and has already been published as a preprint. Please read the README.txt file for information on the files uploaded.</p>
Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger (Meles meles) behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission
1. Culling wildlife as a form of disease management can have unexpected and sometimes counterproductive outcomes. In the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are culled in efforts to reduce badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). However, culling has previously been associated with both increased and decreased incidence of M. bovis infection in cattle. 2. The adverse effects of culling have been linked to cull-induced changes in badger ranging, but such changes are not well documented at the individual level. Using GPS-collars, we characterised individual badger behaviour within an area subjected to widespread industry-led culling, comparing it with the same area before culling and with three unculled areas. 3. Culling was associated with a 61% increase (95% CI 27-103%) in monthly home range size, a 39% increase (95% CI 28-51%) in nightly maximum distance from the sett, and a 17% increase (95% CI 11-24%) in displacement between successive GPS-collar locations recorded at 20-minute intervals. Despite travelling further, we found a 91.2 minute (95% CI 67.1-115.3 minute) reduction in the nightly activity time of individual badgers associated with culling. These changes became apparent while culls were ongoing and persisted after culling ended. 4. Expanded ranging in culled areas was associated with individual badgers visiting 45% (95% CI 15-80%) more fields each month, suggesting that surviving individuals had the opportunity to contact more cattle. Moreover, surviving badgers showed a 19.9-fold increase (95% CI 10.8-36.4 increase) in the odds of trespassing into neighbouring group territories, increasing opportunities for intergroup contact. 5. Synthesis and Applications: Badger culling was associated with behavioural changes among surviving badgers which potentially increased opportunities for both badger-to-badger and badger-to-cattle transmission of M. bovis. Furthermore, by reducing the time badgers spent active, culling may have reduced badgers' accessibility to shooters, potentially undermining subsequent population control efforts. Our results specifically illustrate the challenges posed by badger behaviour to cull-based TB control strategies and furthermore, they highlight the negative impacts culling can have on integrated disease control strategies.
Genetic analysis of mycobacteria isolated from suspect bovine tuberculosis lesions in Wolaita, Ethiopia - code and datasets.
<p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis and other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), is a significant concern for livestock and public health in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and causative agents of bTB in cattle from four abattoirs in the Wolaita region of Ethiopia. </p>
Performance and agreement between WGS variant calling pipelines used for bovine tuberculosis control: towards international standardisation
<p>This repository contains the simulated genomes and FASTQ files used for the analyses reported in the publication: <strong>Performance and agreement between WGS variant calling pipelines used for bovine tuberculosis control: towards international standardisation</strong>.</p> <p>This dataset is based on previously published data: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000388">https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000388</a></p> <p>Processing scripts can be found in: <a href="https://github.com/Viloleal/bTB-pipeline-comparison-data-and-tools">https://github.com/Viloleal/bTB-pipeline-comparison-data-and-tools</a></p>
Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger Meles meles behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission
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Data from: A natural gene drive system influences bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in African buffalo: possible implications for disease management
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic to the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) of Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP) and Kruger National Park, South Africa. In HiP, the disease has been actively managed since 1999 through a test-and-cull procedure targeting BTB-positive buffalo. Prior studies in Kruger showed associations between microsatellite alleles, BTB and body condition. A sex chromosomal meiotic drive, a form of natural gene drive, was hypothesized to be ultimately responsible. These associations indicate high-frequency occurrence of two types of male-deleterious alleles (or multiple-allele haplotypes). One type negatively affects body condition and BTB resistance in both sexes. The other type has sexually antagonistic effects: negative in males but positive in females. Here, we investigate whether a similar gene drive system is present in HiP buffalo, using 17 autosomal microsatellites and microsatellite-derived Y-chromosomal haplotypes from 401 individuals, culled in 2002-2004. We show that the association between autosomal microsatellite alleles and BTB susceptibility detected in Kruger, is also present in HiP. Further, Y-haplotype frequency dynamics indicated that a sex chromosomal meiotic drive also occurred in HiP. BTB was associated with negative selection of male-deleterious alleles in HiP, unlike positive selection in Kruger. Birth sex ratios were female-biased. We attribute negative selection and female-biased sex ratios in HiP to the absence of a Y-chromosomal sex-ratio distorter. This distorter has been hypothesized to contribute to positive selection of male-deleterious alleles and male-biased birth sex ratios in Kruger. As previously shown in Kruger, microsatellite alleles were only associated with male-deleterious effects in individuals born after wet pre-birth years; a phenomenon attributed to epigenetic modification. We identified two additional allele types: male-specific deleterious and beneficial alleles, with no discernible effect on females. Finally, we discuss how our findings may be used for breeding disease-free buffalo and implementing BTB test-and-cull programs.
Bovine tuberculosis model for England and Wales (BoTMEW) including model description.
<p>This model is a research tool, which has been released to allow confirmation of model outputs referred to by a paper published in BMC Veterinary Research <a href="http://em.rdcu.be/wf/click?upn=lMZy1lernSJ7apc5DgYM8X-2BU0XJX47KPodALuc5i6bY-3D_OFgvmg1J6naJevMotmPmRq4kYgQ8qSNe-2B7zZNGv6ek02fVecAo7cYwhzLqyA3UrbV6-2FZ3SxptJRsuip92JxM0XFtAQWr5IIYhumLNYchiGTCH-2FbT2bRLcXeRxtcW3cVfxE1koKeOOrp9lcfO6TZgafkYfbuQN6x3d2CY3FQFlr728vT4Wq5Oou9A8SSWGXkIw1gzin24Wx1PNPwbP9xQxH9SJpHs-2FLlYsaqck5RIdtYIfcC5WNJlx4kQQo0lXlXOvOlB5a42hEgZsaQ1HAtxzQ-3D-3D">https://rdcu.be/5NcV</a>. Outputs are only suitable for evaluating the behaviour of the model. The model is not recommended for any other use. Although the overall distribution of cattle herds represents cattle herds in England and Wales during 2008-2010, all individual herd identities are fictional.</p> <p>This dataset has been made available under an Open Government License 3.0. The model uses open access code libraries under licenses that are provided in the file "license.txt".</p> <p>This is the bovine tuberculosis model for England and Wales (BoTMEW), including a model description, and a zip file to download, including executable, parameter and set up files for baseline simulations 2008 - 2022.</p> <p>The model simulates bovine tuberculosis throughout England and Wales at the resolution of individual farms and infected cattle. However, this version is anonymized below county level, so it can only generate outputs at county resolution.</p> <p>The model set up includes a complete anonymized listing of cattle movements to match the model for 2008 - 2010.</p> <p>Full details of the model specification and set up are presented in the document "ModelDescriptionv5.6.pdf", in the most recent version of this upload.</p> <p>The zip includes actual outputs from 10 replicate simulations of the baseline model setup. It also includes a .ods workbook at its top level, which demonstrates how model fit in 2010 was calculated using those outputs.</p>
Data from: A natural gene drive system influences bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in African buffalo: possible implications for disease management
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Effects of trading networks on the risk of bovine tuberculosis incidents on cattle farms in Great Britain
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Data from: Bovine tuberculosis disturbs functional trait composition in African buffalo
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Data from: Natural resistance to worms exacerbates bovine tuberculosis severity independently of worm coinfection
<p class="CxSpFirst">Pathogen interactions arising during coinfection can exacerbate disease severity, for example, when the immune response mounted against one pathogen negatively affects defense of another. It is also possible that host immune responses to a pathogen, shaped by historical evolutionary interactions between host and pathogen, may modify host immune defenses in ways that have repercussions for other pathogens. In this case, negative interactions between two pathogens could emerge even in the absence of concurrent infection. Parasitic worms and tuberculosis (TB) are involved in one of the most geographically extensive of pathogen interactions, and during coinfection, worms can exacerbate TB disease outcomes. Here, we show that in a wild mammal, natural resistance to worms affects bovine tuberculosis (BTB) severity independently of active worm infection. We found that worm-resistant individuals were more likely to die of BTB than were non-resistant individuals, and their disease progressed more quickly. Anthelmintic treatment moderated, but did not eliminate, the resistance effect, and the effects of resistance and treatment were opposite and additive with untreated, resistant individuals experiencing the highest mortality. Furthermore, resistance and anthelmintic treatment had non-overlapping effects on BTB pathology. The effects of resistance manifested in the lungs (the primary site of BTB infection), while the effects of treatment manifested almost entirely in the lymph nodes (the site of disseminated disease), suggesting that resistance and active worm infection affect BTB progression via distinct mechanisms. Our findings reveal that interactions between pathogens can occur as a consequence of processes arising on very different timescales.</p>
Data from: Disease, predation and demography: assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels
1. Understanding the effects of disease is critical to determining appropriate management responses, but estimating those effects in wildlife species is challenging. We used bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the African buffalo Syncerus caffer population of Kruger National Park, South Africa, as a case study to highlight the issues associated with estimating chronic disease effects in a long-lived host. 2. We used known and radiocollared buffalo, aerial census data, and a natural gradient in pathogen prevalence to investigate if: (i) at the individual level, BTB infection reduces reproduction; (ii) BTB infection increases vulnerability to predation; and (iii) at the population level, increased BTB prevalence causes reduced population growth. 3. There was only a marginal reduction in calving success associated with BTB infection, as indexed by the probability of sighting a known adult female with or without a calf ( P = 0·065). 4. Since 1991, BTB prevalence increased from 27 to 45% in the southern region and from 4 to 28% in the central region of Kruger National Park. The prevalence in the northern regions was only 1·5% in 1998. Buffalo population growth rates, however, were neither statistically different among regions nor declining over time. 5. Lions Panthera leo did not appear to preferentially kill test-positive buffalo. The best (Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size) AIC c model with BTB as a covariate [exp( β ) = 0·49; 95% CI = (0·24–1·02)] suggested that the mortality hazard for positive individuals was no greater than for test-negative individuals. 6. Synthesis and applications . Test accuracy, time-varying disease status, and movement among populations are some of the issues that make the detection of chronic disease impacts challenging. For these reasons, the demographic impacts of bovine tuberculosis in the Kruger National Park remain undetectable despite 6 years of study on known individuals and 40 years of population counts. However, the rainfall and forage conditions during this study were relatively good and the impacts of many chronic diseases may be a non-linear function of environmental conditions such that
Data from: Interspecific visitation of cattle and badgers to fomites: a transmission risk for bovine tuberculosis?
In Great Britain and Ireland, badgers (Meles meles) are a wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis and implicated in bovine tuberculosis transmission to domestic cattle. The route of disease transmission is unknown with direct, so‐called "nose‐to‐nose," contact between hosts being extremely rare. Camera traps were deployed for 64,464 hr on 34 farms to quantify cattle and badger visitation rates in space and time at six farm locations. Badger presence never coincided with cattle presence at the same time, with badger and cattle detection at the same location but at different times being negatively correlated. Badgers were never recorded within farmyards during the present study. Badgers utilized cattle water troughs in fields, but detections were infrequent (equivalent to one badger observed drinking every 87 days). Cattle presence at badger‐associated locations, for example, setts and latrines, were three times more frequent than badger presence at cattle‐associated locations, for example, water troughs. Preventing cattle access to badger setts and latrines and restricting badger access to cattle water troughs may potentially reduce interspecific bTB transmission through reduced indirect contact.
Data from: Badgers prefer cattle pasture but avoid cattle: implications for bovine tuberculosis control
Effective management of infectious disease relies upon understanding mechanisms of pathogen transmission. In particular, while models of disease dynamics usually assume transmission through direct contact, transmission through environmental contamination can cause different dynamics. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) collars and proximity-sensing contact-collars to explore opportunities for transmission of Mycobacterium bovis [causal agent of bovine tuberculosis] between cattle and badgers (Meles meles). Cattle pasture was badgers' most preferred habitat. Nevertheless, although collared cattle spent 2914 collar-nights in the home ranges of contact-collared badgers, and 5380 collar-nights in the home ranges of GPS-collared badgers, we detected no direct contacts between the two species. Simultaneous GPS-tracking revealed that badgers preferred land > 50 m from cattle. Very infrequent direct contact indicates that badger-to-cattle and cattle-to-badger M. bovis transmission may typically occur through contamination of the two species' shared environment. This information should help to inform tuberculosis control by guiding both modelling and farm management.
Habitat availability alters the relative risk of a bovine tuberculosis breakdown in the aftermath of a commercial forest clearfell disturbance
<p><span></span></p> <p>1. Human modification of landscapes and associated disturbances may facilitate the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. Policy-makers need better understanding of the link between anthropogenic disturbances and wildlife disease hosts at the interface of human society and the natural environment, e.g. agriculture, forestry and aquaculture. Empirical research is strongly needed for the control of novel zoonoses which might emerge, as well as the management of existing zoonoses with significant economic repercussions such as bovine tuberculosis (bTB).</p> <p>2. We aimed to examine the link between ecological disturbance and relative bTB risk using Ireland as a case study. We analysed clearfell forestry operations and assessed bTB breakdowns within cattle farms across different spatio-temporal scales over multiple years, examining how ecological conditions may modulate this relationship using conditional logistic regression models.</p> <p>3. We found a significant effect of the interaction between the extent of clearfell forestry removed and the extent of natural grassland and mixed forestry present on relative bTB risk. This interaction was dynamic, leading to an increase or decrease of the relative bTB risk depending on where (between 2 and 6 km from the farm) and when (between 0 and 36 months prior to the bTB outbreak) the clearfell operations occurred.</p> <p>4. Our study provides empirical evidence of the link between mechanised forestry operations and fluctuating relative bTB risk in cattle farms, although the mechanism behind it is yet to be elucidated. Given our data, we hypothesise that wildlife hosts may abandon the area subjected to clearfell when disturbance is highest (during active operations and shortly afterward) but are subsequently attracted back to the site as they regenerate, potentially affecting the contact rates with livestock and thus, relative bTB risk.</p> <p>5. Our analysis demonstrates that landscape modification is correlated with a change in relative bTB risk that is dynamic in time and space, allowing managers to understand the risk in landscape modification and inform policy accordingly. Landscape-level studies are necessary to unveil subtle ecological processes, shifting research and management efforts away from cattle herd-centric and toward macroecological surveillance of wildlife hosts and longitudinal assessment of bTB risk.</p>
Data from: Risk factors associated to a high Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex seroprevalence in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from a low bovine tuberculosis prevalence area
<p>Animal tuberculosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused principally by <i>Mycobacterium bovis,</i> a member of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex </i>(MTC). In southern Iberian peninsula, wild reservoirs such as the wild boar, among other factors, have prevented the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. However, most of the studies have been focused on south-central Spain, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high among wild ungulates and cattle herds. In northern regions, where wild boar density and bovine tuberculosis prevalence are lower, fewer studies have been carried out and the role of this species is still under debate. The aim of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial distribution of antibodies against MTC in wild boar from the Basque Country, northern Spain. Sera from 1902 animals were collected between 2010 and 2016. The seroprevalence was determined with an in house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the search of risk factors was assessed by Generalized Linear Models. Overall, 17% of wild boars (326/1902; 95%CI, [15.5%–18.9%]) showed antibodies against MTC. Risk factors associated with seropositivity were the year and location of sampling, the number of MTC positive cattle, the distance to positive farms and the percentage of shrub cover. Age was associated with increased antibody titres among seropositive individuals. The seroprevalence detected was higher than those previously reported in neighbouring regions. Hence, further studies are needed to better understand the role of wild boar in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in low tuberculosis prevalence areas and consequently, its relevance when developing control strategies.</p>
Data from: Modeling multi-species and multi-mode contact networks: implications for persistence of bovine tuberculosis at the wildlife-livestock interface
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Habitat availability alters the relative risk of a bovine tuberculosis breakdown in the aftermath of a commercial forest clearfell disturbance
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Disease, predation and demography: assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels
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Data from: Badgers prefer cattle pasture but avoid cattle: implications for bovine tuberculosis control
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