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93 results for “Brakes”
Test Data of Passenger kinematics in Lane change and Lane change with Braking Manoeuvres from Ghaffari et al., 2018
<p>This data was extracted by the "authors" of this dataset from the publication</p> <p><strong>Ghaffari, G., Brolin, K., Bråse, D., Pipkorn, B., Svanberg, B., Jakobsson, L., & Davidsson, J. (2018). Passenger kinematics in Lane change and Lane change with Braking Manoeuvres using two belt configurations: standard and reversible pre-pretensioner. <em>2018 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings, </em>pp. 12-14, <a href="http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc18/pdf-files/80.pdf">http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc18/pdf-files/80.pdf</a>.</strong></p> <p>within the OSCCAR project and made publicly available for future validations of active Human Body Models.</p> <p><strong>If you use this data, please cite the original paper.</strong></p> <p>To use the data, a generic model of the vehicle environment is also openly available: <a href="https://openvt.eu/osccar/precrash_seat_models/safer-ahbm_2-3">https://openvt.eu/osccar/precrash_seat_models/safer-ahbm_2-3 </a></p>
Passenger kinematics and muscle responses from autonomous braking events from Olafsdottir et al. 2013
<p>This data was extracted by the "authors" of this dataset from the publication</p> <p>Olafsdottir, J. M., Östh, J., Davidsson, J., & Brolin, K. (2013). Passenger kinematics and muscle responses in autonomous braking events with standard and reversible pre‐tensioned restraints. In Ircobi conference proceedings 2013, IRC-13-70, pp. 602-617; <a href="http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc13/pdf_files/70.pdf">http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc13/pdf_files/70.pdf</a></p> <p>within the OSCCAR project and made publicly available for future validations of active Human Body Models.</p> <p>If you use this data, please cite the original paper.</p> <p>To use the data, a generic model of the vehicle environment is also openly available: <a href="https://openvt.eu/osccar/precrash_seat_models/safer-ahbm_2-3">https://openvt.eu/osccar/precrash_seat_models/safer-ahbm_2-3 </a></p> <p> </p>
Reproduction package for the paper "The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution - II. Implementation of magnetic braking in MESA and implications for the evolution of surface rotation in OB stars "
<p>This is a reproduction package for the paper "The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution - II. Implementation of magnetic braking in MESA and implications for the evolution of surface rotation in OB stars" by Keszthelyi et al. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa237</p>
FIGURES 1 – 4. Borneomyia tigra Brake n in Borneomyia, a new genus and two new species of Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora)
FIGURES 1 – 4. Borneomyia tigra Brake n. sp., male (from Brake 2000). 1: Head, frontal view; 2 – 3: Midfemur with femoral organ, anterodorsal view; 4: Basitarsomere of hindleg, anteroventral view. Abbreviations: fr s – frontal setae, orb s – orbital setae. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
MESA models with magnetic braking
<p>Output history files of MESA models run for <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...912...65G/abstract">Gossage et al. 2021</a> (MESA models with magnetic braking), and associated MESA input files (inlist templates and modified run_star_extras.f90 source code).</p>
Electrohydraulic Brake System ESR 9
<p>Data from the HIL electrohydraulic brake system at TU Ilmenau.</p> <p>The data set is saved as Matlab file.</p>
Data for: Automotive braking is a source of highly charged aerosol particles
<p>Although the last several decades have seen a dramatic reduction in emissions from vehicular exhaust, non-exhaust emissions (e.g., brake and tire wear) represent an increasingly significant class of traffic-related particulate pollution. Aerosol particles emitted from the wear of automotive brake pads contribute roughly half of the particle mass attributed to non-exhaust sources, while their relative contribution to urban air pollution overall will almost certainly grow, coinciding with vehicle fleet electrification and the transition to alternative fuels. To better understand the implications of this growing prominence, a more thorough understanding of the physicochemical properties of brake wear particles (BWPs) is needed. Here we investigate the electrical properties of BWPs as emitted from ceramic and semi-metallic brake pads. We show that up to 80% of BWPs emitted are electrically charged, and demonstrate a dependence of charge state on particle size and charge polarity. We find that brake wear produces both positive and negative charged particles that can hold in excess of 30 elementary charges, and show evidence that more negative charges are produced than positive. Our results will provide insights into the currently limited understanding of how BWPs behave in the atmosphere, including future investigations into their atmospheric lifetimes and potential climatic relevance. In addition, our study will inform future efforts to remove BWP emissions before entering the atmosphere by taking advantage of their electric charge.</p>
An axonal brake on striatal dopamine output by cholinergic interneurons
<h3><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></h3> <p>Depolarisation of distal axons is necessary for somatic action potentials to be translated into axonal neurotransmitter release. Here, we show that activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) and nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) on mouse DA axons transiently prevents the release of dopamine (DA) by subsequent stimuli for ~100 ms. Previous studies have shown that nAChRs on DA axons can drive ectopic action potentials in DA axons to trigger DA release. We demonstrate <em>ex vivo </em>that a lower level of activation of ChIs is needed to suppress DA release than to trigger it, an effect that is not due to DA depletion, but to restricted re-activation of DA axons. This axonal brake on DA output is stronger and more persistent in dorsal than ventral striatum. <em>In vivo</em>, we reveal a predominant depression of DA release by endogenous acetylcholine, as antagonism of nAChRs in dorsal striatum conversely elevated tonic DA detected with optic-fibre photometry of GRAB<sub>DA2m</sub> sensor and promoted conditioned place-preference. Our findings reveal that ChIs acting via nAChRs limit activation of DA axons by subsequent DA neuron activity, uncoupling DA axons from ascending action potentials and generating a dynamic inverse scaling of DA release according to ChI activity.</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>FILE DESCRIPTIONS</strong></h3> <p>This repository contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li>Key Resources Table (.xlsx) - Table containing details on key resources (antibodies, mouse lines, virus strains, and software), and the persistent identifiers for protocols and code used and generated in this study. </li> <li>Source Data Folder (.zip): <ul> <li>_README_Source_Data (.txt) with detailed information about each dataset.</li> <li>Individual tabular datasets corresponding to panels shown in the Main Figures 1 to 5 (.csv).</li> <li>Excel spreadsheet containing all tabular datasets plotted in Main Figures 1 to 5 (.xlsx)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Supplementary Data Folder (.zip): <ul> <li>_README_Supplementary_Data (.txt) with detailed information about each dataset.</li> <li>Individual tabular datasets corresponding to panels shown in the Supplementary Figures 1 to 6 (.csv).</li> <li>Excel spreadsheet containing all tabular datasets plotted in Supplementary Figures 1 to 6 (.xlsx)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Data from 90-day quantitative inhalation toxicology study evaluating the dose-response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile-containing brake dust
<p>The final results from this multi-dose, 90-day inhalation toxicology study in the rat with life-time post-exposure observation have shown a significant fundamental difference in pathological response and tumorgenicity between brake dust generated from brake pads manufactured with chrysotile or from chrysotile alone in comparison to the amphiboles, crocidolite and amosite asbestos.</p> <p>The groups exposed to brake dust showed no significant pathological or tumorigenic response in the respiratory track compared to the air control group at exposure concentrations and deposited doses well above those at which humans have been exposed. Slight alveolar/interstitial macrophage accumulation of particles was noted. Wagner grades were 1–2 (1 = control group), similar to the TiO2 particle control group. Chrysotile was not biopersistent, exhibiting in the lung a deterioration of its matrix which results in breakage into particles and short fibers which can be cleared by alveolar macrophages and which can continue to dissolve. Particle-laden macrophage accumulation was observed, leading to a very-slight interstitial inflammatory response (Wagner grade 1–3). There was no peribronchiolar inflammation, occasional very-slight interstitial fibrosis (Wagner grade 4), and no exposure-related tumorigenic response.</p> <p>The pathological response of crocidolite and amosite compared to the brake dust and chrysotile was clearly differentiated by the histopathology and the confocal analysis. Crocidolite and amosite induced persistent inflammation, microgranulomas, persistent fibrosis (Wagner grades 4), and a dose-related lung tumor response. Confocal microscopy quantified extensive inflammatory response and collagen development in the lung, visceral and parietal pleura as well as pleural adhesions.</p> <p>These results provide a clear foundation for differentiating the innocuous effects of brake dust exposure from the adverse effects following amphibole asbestos exposure.</p>
Braking sauna, Linderöd, Sweden (19th-century)
Braking sauna for flax processing, Linderöd, Sweden (19th-century). Made in Photoscan in one chunk with 782 cameras. The photos where taken with two different hand held cameras. To light up the interior a couple of led-head lamps where used. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Low-mass X-ray binaries: the effects of the magnetic braking prescription
<p>MESA inlists associated with Formation of <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/?#abs/2019MNRAS.483.5595V/abstract">Low-mass X-ray binaries: the effects of the magnetic braking prescription</a></p>
Supplementary data for "Detrainment and braking of snow avalanches interacting with forests"
<p>We are releasing the data as the supplementary information for our manuscript “Detrainment and braking of snow avalanches interacting with forests”.</p> <p>Figure 5. Data of Fig. 5. Evolution of the detrainment mass per unit of area of snow with the velocity (regular staggered forest, e= 8m).</p> <p>Figure 6. Data of Fig. 6. Evolution of the detrainment mass observed for the one tree arrangement and the fits with the tree diameter for 2 flow regimes: Case 1 and Case 2 with respectively a front velocity of12.5 m/s and 10.6 m/s, ‘maximum’ refer to the maximum mass stored behind the tree and ‘final’ refer to the final mass stored. A slope of 30◦, and a top wedge angle of 60° (from measurements Feistl et al. (2014)) is used for the theoretical model (Eq. 8)</p> <p>Figure 8. Data of Fig. 8. Evolution of the detrainment mass per unit of area with the tree diameter for different types of snow and front velocity (regular staggered forest, e = 8 m)</p> <p>Figure 9. Data of Fig. 9. Evolution of the detrainment mass per unit of area with the forest density for different front velocities (regular staggered forest, snow properties: case 2, d = 1 m)</p> <p>Figure 10. Data of Fig. 10. Evolution of the detrainment mass predicted with the model (Eq. 11) and with the observation, r<sup>2</sup>=0.9926</p> <p>Figure 11. Data of Fig. 11. Temporal evolution of the kinetic and potential energy without forest and with a regular staggered forest (Case 2, v<sub>0 </sub>= 6 m/s)</p> <p>Figure 12. Data of Fig. 12. Temporal evolution of the detrainment energy and dissipation due to the forest (Case 2, v<sub>0 </sub>= 6 m/s)</p> <p>Figure 13. Data of Fig. 13. Energy detrainment and dissipation for different snow properties (1: case 1, 2: case 2, 3: case 3 with M=1) and for 3 types of forest structure (regular aligned, regular staggered and random)</p>
Energetic Particle Injection during Short Isolated Bubble as seen in RCM Simulation and Spacecraft Observations in the Flow Braking Region
<p>The names of the RCM simulation output files specify the simulation time in a format of "hhmmss". The stored quantities are, "I","J","COLAT","ALOCT","MLT","BNDLOC","XMIN","YMIN","FTV","BMIN","V", "BIRK_fromV(NH)","P(RCM),nPa", "PV_gamma","Vtotx", "Vtoty","Vx_exb","Vy_exb","vel_x","vel_y","Ey","PEDLAM", "PEDPSI", "HALL", "RCM_T_p","RCM_T_e","RCM_N_e","EFLUX","EAVG","f_i_50-75","f_i_75-125","f_i_125-200","f_i_200-300","f_e_50-75","f_e_75-125","f_e_125-200","f_e_200-300","Vm","dbxdz","dbydz","dbrdz","dbzdx","dbzdy".<br> For the first hour of substorm-growth-phase-like quasi-steady convection, we uploaded the RCM simulation output files at 1-minute intervals. Then, the RCM output files were uploaded at 20-second intervals for the next 7 minutes of bubble injection, and at 1-minute intervals for the rest of the simulation.</p>
Running Retraining to Minimize Braking Forces
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03302975. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data for: Automotive braking is a source of highly charged aerosol particles
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from 90-day quantitative inhalation toxicology study evaluating the dose-response and fate in the lung and pleura of chrysotile-containing brake dust
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Organic composition of ultrafine particles formed from automotive braking
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURES 1–4. Borneomyia tigra Brake n in Borneomyia, a new genus and two new species of Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora)
FIGURES 1–4. Borneomyia tigra Brake n. sp., male (from Brake 2000). 1: Head, frontal view; 2– 3: Midfemur with femoral organ, anterodorsal view; 4: Basitarsomere of hindleg, anteroventral view. Abbreviations: fr s–frontal setae, orb s–orbital setae. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Heterogeneous environmental seascape across a biogeographic brake influences the thermal physiology and tolerances to ocean acidification in an ecosystem
<p><b>Aim:</b> Understanding how spatio-temporal environmental variability influences stress tolerance, local adaptation, and phenotypic variation among populations is a key challenge for evolutionary ecology and climate change biology. Coastal biogeographic breaks are natural laboratories to explore this fundamental research question due to the contrasting environmental conditions experienced by natural populations across these regions.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> In the South East Pacific (SEP) coast a major break (30º-32ºS) is characterized by extreme natural variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and carbonate chemistry parameters related to temporal and spatial dynamics in upwelling events. Calcifying organisms inhibiting this zone are exposed to marked fluctuations and clines in SST that together with naturally acidified waters can impact their metabolism, calcification and fitness, making them particularly prone to the effects of climate change (e.g., ocean acidification, OA). We investigated to what extent the spatial and temporal environmental variability (in SST and seawater carbonate conditions) that characterizes the biogeographic break in the SEP, influences intra-specific differences in the thermal ecology and the tolerances to OA of the limpet <i>Scurria araucana</i>.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>During two years, we conducted field surveys of limpet populations at sites across the SEP break (27ºS, 30ºS and 32ºS). We collected individuals from each population to test for geographic differences in morphometric (e.g., total buoyancy weight, shell length) and physiological (e.g., oxygen consumption rate, cardiac activity, and thermal performance curves; TPC) responses to local environmental conditions (Tº and pH/pCO<sub>2</sub>) and to simulated OA scenarios.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Populations of <i>S. Araucana </i>exhibit high tolerance to OA with no signal of geographic influence on this attribute. However, inter-population differences in thermal physiology (metabolic rates and performances) where found across the biogeographic break in the SEP coast. Limpets from the central part of the break (30ºS) exhibit higher thermal performance compared to limpets from populations at both sides of the break.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Variation in SST has a greater effect shaping inter-population differences in thermal physiology of the limpet <i>S. araucana</i>. These physiological differences<i> </i>are aligned the thermal heterogenous seascape along the biogeographic break in the SEP. Contrary, temporal and spatial variation in seawater carbonate conditions does not influence inter-population differences in phenotypic response populations, but an overall high tolerance to OA.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Pteris trifoliolata (Pteridaceae), a new brake fern species from karst area in Guangxi, China
FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Pteris trifoliolata H.J. Wei in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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