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FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 5. Branchinotogluma sagamiensis sp. nov., holotype. A, parapodium, left side, chaetiger 10; B, dorsal branchiae, chaetiger 10; C, notochaetae, chaetiger 10; D, neurochaetae, chaetiger 10. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 3. Branchinotogluma nikkoensis sp. nov., holotype. A, dorsal view of anterior; B, ventral view of segments 11–21; C, parapodium, right side, chaetiger 10; D, notochaeta, chaetiger 10; E, neurochaeta, chaetiger 10. Scale bars: A–B, 1 mm; C–E, 100 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 2. Branchinotogluma nikkoensis sp. nov., holotype. A, parapodium, right side, chaetiger 10; B, dorsal branchiae, chaetiger 10; C, notochaetae, chaetiger 10; D, neurochaetae, chaetiger 10. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 7. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on four gene sequences (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S). Nodal bootstrap support (BS) values higher than 50% are indicated for each branch.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 1. Branchinotogluma nikkoensis sp. nov., holotype. A, whole specimen, dorsal view; B, whole specimen, ventral view; C, dorsal view of anterior; D, ventral view of posterior; E, elytrum; F, pharynx, frontal view; G, pharynx, lateral view; H, papillae of pharynx. Abbreviation: ma, median antenna; p. palps; tc, tentacular cirri; pa, papillae. Arrow heads indicate ventral papillae. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm, C–E, 1 mm, F–H, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 6. Branchinotogluma sagamiensis sp. nov., holotype. A, dorsal view of anterior; B, ventral view of segments 12–20; C, parapodium, left side, chaetiger 10; D, notochaeta, chaetiger 10; E, neurochaeta, chaetiger 10. Scale bars: A–B, 1 mm; C–E, 100 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Branchinotogluma (Polynoidae: Annelida) from chemosynthesis-based ecosystems in Japan

FIGURE 4. Branchinotogluma sagamiensis sp. nov., holotype. A, whole specimen, dorsal view; B, whole specimen, ventral view; C, dorsal view of anterior; D, ventral view of posterior; E, elytrum; F, pharynx. Abbreviation: ma, median antenna; p. palps; tc, tentacular cirri; pa, papillae. Arrow heads indicate ventral papillae. Scale bars: A–B, 2 mm, C–D, 1 mm., E–F, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 3. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp. A, Left parapodia from segments 2 of paratype RSIO35402 in anterior view (upper position) and posterior view (lower position); B–C, Left parapodia from segments 3 and 7 on holotype, in anterior view (upper position) and posterior view (lower position); D–G, Left parapodia from segments 2, 4, 11, and 12 of paratype RSIO35277; D–E, in anterior view; F–G, in anterior view (upper position) and posterior view (lower position). Scale bar: A–G, 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 5. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., parapodia on posterior 3 segments of female (holotype, A–C) and male (paratype RSIO35277, D–I). A, Left parapodia on segment 19 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); B, Right parapodia on segment 20 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); C, Right parapodia on segment 21 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); D, Left parapodia on segment 19 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); E, Left parapodia on segment 20 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); F, Left parapodia on segment 21 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); G, Neurochaetae on segment 19, showing slender capillary neurochaetae (white arrow); H, Lower subacicular neurochaetae on segment 19; I, Capillary neurochaetae on segment 20. Scale bar: A–F, 1mm; G–I, 10 µm.

FIGURE 1. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 1. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., holotype (RSIO35275, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); Paratype (RSIO35277, male) in dorsal (C) and ventral view (D); E, Head and tentacular segment of paratype RSIO35402, in dorsal view, with detail of acicular lobes on segment 1; F, Head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35274, in dorsal view, with detail of acicular lobe on segment 1; G, Head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35277, in dorsal view; H, Head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35277, in ventral view, left parapodia removed; I, Left elytra from segment 2 of paratype RSIO35402; J, Left elytra from segment 4 of paratype RSIO35402. Scale bar: A–D, 5 mm; E–J, 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 2. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp. A, Ventral view of everted pharynx, showing 5 dorsal papillae and 3 ventral papillae, with the left 2 ventral papillae being accidentally removed when dissecting the specimen, distal cirrus of one of the three medial papillae (indicated by a white arrow) shown on the lower left, paratype RSIO35402; B, Frontal view of dorsal jaws (upper ones, indicated by the red arrow) and ventral jaws (lower ones), dissected, paratype RSIO35277; C, ventral view of dissected pharynx, with 6 pairs of lateral tapered basal papillae marked by red circles, paratype RSIO35277; Detail of six lateral papillae on the left (D, upper position) and right (D, lower position) side of paratype RSIO35277; E, Right part of segments 11– 17 on holotype, ventral view, showing 5 short ventral papillae on segments 11–15; F, Right part of segments 11–14 on paratype RSIO35277, ventral view, showing 2 ventral papillae on segments 12–13 and 1 lamellae on segment 14; G, Left part of Segments 11–15 on paratype RSIO35277, dorsal view; H, Ventral view of posterior segments on holotype, with left parapodia and anal cirri removed; I, Ventral view of posterior segments and anal cirri on paratype RSIO35277, with left parapodia removed. Scale bar: A–B, E–G, 1 mm; lower left image in A, 0.1 mm; C–D, 0.2 mm; H–I, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using the concatenated sequences of three genes (COI, 16S and 18S) with GenBank accession numbers. Bootstrap support values were calculated with a rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1000 replicates in Raxml, and only those higher than 50 were shown. GenBank accession numbers in parenthesis are present in the order of COI, 16S and 18S; missing markers are denoted by a dash (–); "*" indicates a mitochondrial genome from which both COI and 16S can be extracted.

FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using COI sequences with GenBank accession numbers. Bootstrap support values were calculated with a rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1000 in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using COI sequences with GenBank accession numbers. Bootstrap support values were calculated with a rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1000 replicates in Raxml, and only those higher than 50 were shown.

FIGURE 4. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 4. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., details of chaetae. A, Vertical view of left parapodium on segment 4 of holotype; B–H, Details of chaetae on left 3rd parapodium of paratype RSIO35402 in posterior view; I–N, Details of chaetae on left 11th parapodium of paratype RSIO35277 in anterior view. B, Tip of notochaetae; C, Tip of supraacicular neurochaetae; D, Basal parts of the spinous region of supraacicular neurochaetae; E, Tip of upper subacicular neurochaetae; F, Spines on subdistal part of upper subacicular neurochaetae; G, Lower subacicular neurochaetae; H, Detail of serration region of lower subacicular neurochaetae; I, Notochaetae; J, Details of supraacicular neurochaetae; K, Tip of upper subacicular neurochaetae; L, Spines on subdistal part of upper subacicular neurochaetae; M, Lower subacicular neurochaetae; N, Details of serration region of lower subacicular neurochaetae. Scale bar: A, 0.5 mm; B, G and I, 0.1 mm; C–F, H and J–N, 10 µm.