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59 results for “Brettus”
Fig. 1. Brettus anchorum Wanless, 1979 in Notes on twenty-nine species of jumping spiders from South China (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig. 1. Brettus anchorum Wanless, 1979, ♀ (TRU-JS 0056). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.
Figure 2. Three brooding Brettus cingulatus females. 1, Female guarding recently deposited eggs. 2 in Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young?
Figure 2. Three brooding Brettus cingulatus females. 1, Female guarding recently deposited eggs. 2, Female with first instar young, still with little pigmentation of the opisthosoma. Note that almost all covering silk, white flecks, and eggshell fragments were absent at this stage. 3, Later first instar young with full pigmentation of the prosoma and opisthosoma, as well as pigmentation of each femur I. The female (not shown) was still guarding the brood at this stage. Photographs by Arundathi Sambayya taken at Bhimanakone, Sangara taluk, Shimoga District, Karnataka, India.
Figure 1. Brooding female Brettus cingulatus Thorell 1895. 1 in Do female Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) feed their young?
Figure 1. Brooding female Brettus cingulatus Thorell 1895. 1, Guarding recently deposited cluster of eggs covered with silk fibers and white flecks. 2, Ten days later, guarding hatchlings (first instar). Larger white flecks represent eggshell fragments. 3, Three days later. Almost all silk, white flecks, and eggshell fragments are gone, and except for their legs, the first instar young are now pigmented. Photographs by Abhijith A. P. C. at his Indraprastha Organic Farm, Kalalwadi Village, Karnataka, India. For comparison see Abhijith & Hill (2019) for photographs of the emergent second instar young.
Figure 2 in Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 2 (continued from previous page). Selected sequential frames from a 23.98 fps video of a male approaching the nesting Brettus cingulatus to mate (5 June 2022, 11:15 IST). 13-15, The male continued to approach the female and to touch her with extended legs I. 16-24, After mounting the female, the male attempted to get her to rotate or raise her abdomen in preparation for mating on the left side.
Figure 1 in Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 1 (continued on next page). Sequential photographs taken at a Brettus cingulatus nest site. 1-4, Mating pair on the nest of a brooding female. The inflated tegulum (or bulb) of the left pedipalp of the male can be seen clearly. The eggs were recently deposited.
Figure 2 in Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 2 (continued on next page). Selected sequential frames from a 23.98 fps video of a male approaching the nesting Brettus cingulatus to mate (5 June 2022, 11:15 IST). 1-3, The alert female guarding her brood. 4, Female turning to face the courting male. 5-9, Female in elevated position with extended legs I, turning to face the male. Note the separation and movement of the bright white pedipalps of this female. 10- 12, Male approaching female with outstretched legs I and separated pedipalps.
Figure 1 in Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 1 (continued from previous page). Sequential photographs taken at a Brettus cingulatus nest site. 28-31, Second female feeding on a series of defenseless instar I spiderlings.
Figure 3. Consecutive frames from a 23.98 fps video showing a in Brood cannibalism by Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figure 3. Consecutive frames from a 23.98 fps video showing a female Brettus cingulatus capturing an instar I spiderling in the unattended brood (16 June 2022, 08:00 IST). 1-6, Approaching the intended victim. 7-8, Jump to capture the spiderling. 9-24, Slowly moving to the rear to feed on the captured spiderling.
Figure 2 in Conspecific oophagy by the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka, India
Figure 2 (continued from previous page). Intact female Brettus cingulatus occupying the nest (1-4) and later feeding on the eggs of its previous inhabitant (5-10). 8-10, At dusk few eggs remained. Note the engorged abdomen of this spider.
Figure 2 in Conspecific oophagy by the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini) in Karnataka, India
Figure 2 (continued on next page). Intact female Brettus cingulatus occupying the nest (1-4) and later feeding on the eggs of its previous inhabitant (5-10).
Figures 81-86. 81-82 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 81-86. 81-82, More views of the same adult male (73-80) feeding on its uloborid prey. 83, Adult male at the nowunoccupied nest site that had previously been cleared by ants (65-66). 84, Detail from (83). 85, One day after the tending female had been attacked young uloborids emerged from their intact egg-sac. 86, Nearby the injured penultimate female (72) continued to rest under her leaf.
Figures 73-80 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 73-80. Sequence showing attack and predation on an adult female uloborid guarding her egg sac by an adult male, near the site occupied by a penultimate female (72). 75-76, From the edge of a leaf this male plucked silk lines laid down by his prey. In response the uloborid did not approach the male, but began to vibrate its web. 77-80, The male then jumped to capture the uloborid and returning to the leaf edge to feed. Similar behaviour was described by Jackson & Hallas (1986). The egg sac of this uloborid was not attacked.
Figures 87-92. 87-89 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 87-92. 87-89, Three days later the injured penultimate female (86) molted on a thin silk platform laid down beneath the leaf that she occupied. The two legs that had been lost (RII and RIV) were regenerated and functional, although they were translucent and lacked the usual setation. 90-91, The same female remained at this site on the next day. 92, Adult male resting under a nearby leaf.
Figures 65-72. 65 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 65-72. 65, Composite of two photographs showing a weaver or green tree ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) at the nest site previously invaded by Tetraponera (61-64). By this time all of the eggs had been removed. Removal of eggs by O. smaragdina was not observed but may have taken place. 66, Detail from (65). 67-72, Four days later this penultimate female, missing two legs (RIII and RIV) was observed near the previous nest site, at times attended by an adult male (69-70).
Figures 39-46. 39-40 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 39-46. 39-40, The previous adult female (34-36) continued to occupy the nest site on the next day, accompanied by an adult male at a distance (40, inset at upper left). This may represent the same male. 41-43, By the morning of the next day this female had deposited her clutch of 23 eggs, not yet covered with silk. At this time she was still accompanied by an adult male (43, inset at upper left). 44-46, In the next 2-3 hours this female covered her eggs with the flecked silk characteristic of Brettus and related spartaeines. A male was still present in the vicinity, apparently watching the female (46).
Figures 47-54. 47-50, After her clutch was secured with a in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 47-54. 47-50, After her clutch was secured with a silk covering, the same female (39-46) left her nest to capture and feed on a nematoceran fly. 51, After feeding this female returned to guard her clutch. 52-54, About one hour later an adult male mated with this female as she guarded her clutch of eggs. The inflated right tegulum of the male can be seen clearly in (54). Whether or not mating of females in this situation is a common occurrence in Brettus cingulatus is not known, but the exposed position of females as they guard their nest certainly makes this possible.
Figures 31-38. Adult female and adult male under separate leaves. 31 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 31-38. Adult female and adult male under separate leaves. 31, Later in the day the nest site occupied by the previous female was unoccupied. 32, This adult male was present under a leaf near the nest site. 33, Detail of (33). 34, Late on the next day this adult female occupied the nest site. Based on scale pattern this appears to be the female observed previously at this site (29-30). 35-38, On the next day this female continued to occupy the nest site (38, inset at lower right) as an adult male rested beneath a different leaf at a distance (38, inset at upper left).
Figures 23-30. 23 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 23-30. 23, Penultimate female under leaf accompanied by adult male on nearby branch (continued from Figures 8- 22). 24-25, Detailed views of female and male from (23). 26-27, Adult female occupying the nesting site previously occupied by the penultimate female (23), two days later. This may represent the same individual but molting was not observed. 28, Later in the day the adult female (26-27) left the nest site and this adult female may represent the same individual hunting on a nearby stem. 29-30, On the next day the nest site was occupied by this well-fed adult female which, based on details of the dorsal scale pattern, was not the previous female (26-27) at this site.
Figures 15-22 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 15-22. Penultimate female under leaf accompanied by adult male (continued from Figures 8-14). 15, Attending male on a nearby leaf. 16-17, Detailed views of female and male from (15). 18, As she matured this female became darker and the adult pattern became more visible. 19, Detailed view of female from (18). 20, Wider view of the host plant (Ficus microcarpa) showing male and female under leaf (inset). 21, Detail of inset from (20). 22, Detail of male in resting position under leaf.
Figures 8-14 in Notes on the jumping spider Brettus cingulatus in Karnataka (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini)
Figures 8-14. Penultimate female under leaf accompanied by adult male. Although the emergent spiderlings (instar 2, Figures 4-5) resemble the darker adult female, older immatures of both sexes are light orange. The area on this leaf occupied by this penultimate female, covered by a thin layer of silk, was occupied five days earlier by a different female guarding her eggs (6-7). The fate of that female and her brood is not known.
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