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FIGURE 7. a in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya

FIGURE 7. a) Maximum likelihood tree showing branch lengths. (-ln likelihood = 5576.01891). Nucleotide frequencies A= 0.3306 C= 0.2645 G= 0.1413 T= 0.2636, Nst=6, Rmat= 1.0000 2.2193 1.0000 1.0000 and 4.7793, Rates=gamma, Shape= 0.7896, Pinvar= 0.3855. Numbers below branches refer to bootstrap support. b) Maximum Parsimony exhaustive tree showing branch lengths. Numbers below branches refer to bootstrap support.

FIGURE 1 in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya

FIGURE 1. Map of the Taita Hills. White squares show localities of (black lowercase) named towns, filled polygons are principle remaining indigenous (black uppercase) named forests, and filled circles collection localities for specimens of Callulina dawida, holotype collection locality is shown with a star.

FIGURE 3. a in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya

FIGURE 3. a) Urostyle elements of Callulina dawida (A3535), Abbreviations, uro= Urostyle, sa= Sacrum, att= ilialurostyle muscle attachment, il= ilium. b) Pectoral elements of Callulina dawida (A3535). Abbreviations, omo= Omosternum, clav= Clavicle, cor= Coracoid, procor= Procorocoid, ster= Sternum.

FIGURE 4 in A new brevicipitid species (Brevicipitidae: Callulina) from the fragmented forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya

FIGURE 4. Ventral close up of hands (1mm scale) (a) Callulina dawida (NMK A/4267) (b) C. kreffti (2000.196) (c) C. kisiwamsitu (BM 2002.45).

FIGURE 9 in Two new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) from the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania

FIGURE 9. Habitats of the Nguru mountains. Upper left, the habitat at the collecting site of Callulina kanga at about 800 m asl; Upper right: Kanga forest with Kanga peak in the background. Lower left: habitat of Callulina hanseni at about 2000 m asl. Lower right: the forest of Nguru South viewed from one of the several rocky outcrops present at higher elevation.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) from the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania

FIGURE 6. Dorsal, ventral and laterial views of the paratype (MTSN 5017) of Callulina kanga sp. nov.

FIGURE 1. a in Two new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) from the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania

FIGURE 1. a) Map of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and southern Kenya showing the distribution of Callulina b) Distribution of C. hanseni sp. nov. (circle) and C. kanga sp. nov. (triangle) in the Nguru Mountains.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) from the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania

FIGURE 4. Comparison of key morphometric ratios across nominate species of Callulina, see also Table 2.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) from the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania

FIGURE 2. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the holotype (BMNH 2008.130) of Callulina hanseni sp. nov.

FIGURE 7 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands

FIGURE 7. Similarity in enlarged limb glands in Callulina meteora sp. nov. (above) and Nectophrynoides viviparus (below).

FIGURE 2 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands

FIGURE 2. Callulina meteora sp. nov. in life from the type locality, showing some of the species variability.

FIGURE 1 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands

FIGURE 1. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the female holotype (BMNH 2008.450) of Callulina meteora sp. nov.

FIGURE 6 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands

FIGURE 6. Map of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania showing the distribution of the species in the genus Callulina and distribution of C. meteora sp. nov. (red outlined shaded area) in the Nguru Mountains.

FIGURE 5 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of all nominal species of Callulina, using a) Maximum likelihood, with bootstrap results given above and symbols below show the results of Kishino–Hasegawa tests of differences in log likelihoods between optimal and the best suboptimal trees obtained from converse topological constraints. Presence (+) or lack (-) of support at the p ≤ 0.05 level, b) Maximum Parsimony, numbers above branches are bootstrap proportions, numbers below internal branches are decay indices. The symbols following the decay index values show the results of Templeton tests of differences in length between the MPTs and the best suboptimal trees obtained from converse topological constraints. Presence (+) or lack (-) of support at the p ≤ 0.05 level.

FIGURE 5 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

FIGURE 5. Breviceps passmorei sp. nov. from northern KwaZulu-Natal: A, holotype male (SAIAB204596); B, preserved holotype, dorsal view; C, preserved holotype, ventral view; D, paratype female (SAIAB204597); E, left foot of holotype.

FIGURE 6 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

FIGURE 6. Advertisement call structure of Breviceps passmorei sp. nov. holotype (SAIAB 204596): A—Oscillogram of call bout; B—Spectrogram of call bout; C—Oscillogram of single call; D—Spectrogram of single call. Spectrogram parameters, using a Hanning window, were set at Window size 300 (Fig. 6B) and 45 (Fig. 6D); DFT size 512.

FIGURE 4 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

FIGURE 4. Advertisement call structure of Breviceps carruthersi sp. nov. paratype (PEM A11997): A–Oscillogram of call bout; B–Spectrogram of call bout; C–Oscillogram of three calls; D–Spectrogram of three calls. Spectrogram parameters, using a Hanning window, were set at Window size 300 (Fig. 4B) and 45 (Fig. 4D); DFT size 512.

FIGURE 3 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

FIGURE 3. Breviceps carruthersi sp. nov. from Hluhluwe, KwaZulu-Natal: A, holotype male (SAIAB 204591); B, preserved holotype, dorsal view; C, preserved holotype, ventral view; D, paratype female (SAIAB 204595); E, left foot of holotype.

FIGURE 2 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analysis of eight Breviceps species based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Bayesian inference analysis showing the phylogenetic relationships for Breviceps carruthersi sp. nov. and B. passmorei sp. nov. (represented in bold), four Breviceps species from the Breviceps mossambicus complex, and two Breviceps species, namely Breviceps gibbosus and Breviceps macrops used as the outgroup. Node support with posterior probabilities> 0.95 shown. The scale bar represents 0.03 nucleotide substitutions presite.

FIGURE 1 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: two new species of Breviceps (Anura: Brevicipitidae) from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

FIGURE 1. Map of northern KwaZulu-Natal province showing the vegetation types according to Mucina & Rutherford (2006) and the distribution records for Breviceps carruthersi sp. nov. and B. passmorei sp. nov. The type localities are indicated by white arrows.