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18 results for “Brunelliaceae”
Dataset from: Incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution mask species relationships in Brunelliaceae, an Andean family with rapid, recent diversification
<p><strong>Premise</strong>: To date, phylogenetic relationships within the monogeneric Brunelliaceae have been based on morphological evidence, which does not provide sufficient phylogenetic resolution. Here we use target-enriched nuclear data to improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the family. </p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used the Angiosperms353 toolkit for targeted recovery of exonic regions and supercontigs (exons + introns) from low copy nuclear genes from 53 of 70 species in <em>Brunellia</em>, and several outgroup taxa. We removed loci that indicated biased relationships and applied concatenated and coalescent methods to infer <em>Brunellia</em> phylogeny. We identified conflicts among gene trees that may reflect hybridization or incomplete lineage-sorting events and assessed their impact on the phylogeny. Finally, we performed ancestral-state reconstructions of morphological traits and assessed the homology of character states used to define sections and subsections in <em>Brunellia</em>.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: <em>Brunellia</em> comprises two major clades and several subclades. Most of these clades/subclades do not correspond to previous infrageneric taxa. There is high topological incongruence among the subclades across analyses.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Phylogenetic reconstructions point to rapid species diversification in Brunelliaceae, reflected in very short branches between successive species splits. The removal of putatively biased loci slightly improves phylogenetic support for individual clades. Reticulate evolution due to hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting likely both contribute to gene-tree discordance. Morphological characters used to define taxa in current classification schemes are homoplastic in the ancestral character state reconstructions. While target enrichment data allows us to broaden our understanding of diversification in <em>Brunellia</em>, the relationships among subclades remain incompletely understood.</p>
Dataset from: Incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution mask species relationships in Brunelliaceae, an Andean family with rapid, recent diversification
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FIGURE 1 in The discovery of a new species of Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) with ephemeral petals from Llanganates National Park, Ecuador
FIGURE 1. Characters of Brunelliaceae. A. Stipules in B. subsessilis. B. Stipels between the leaflets in B. subsessilis. C. Stipels at the base of the leaflet in B. amayensis. D. Flower in B. pauciflora, with carpels and non-functional stamens. E. Carpel development and mature fruits in B. putumayensis. F. Complete fructification in B. subsessilis showing the open endocarp and the seeds expelled, attached to the endocarp and the funiculus. (Photographs A–C, E, F, by C. I. Orozco, D by José Murillo).
FIGURE 2. Brunellia ephemeropetala. A1–A3. Floriferous and fructiferous branches. B. Leaf abaxial surface. C. Stipules. D1 in The discovery of a new species of Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) with ephemeral petals from Llanganates National Park, Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Brunellia ephemeropetala. A1–A3. Floriferous and fructiferous branches. B. Leaf abaxial surface. C. Stipules. D1. Carpels in fruit development. D2. Part of the inflorescence with carpellate flowers. D3. Flower with sepals and petals. E. Mature follicles. F–G. Opened and closed follicle. Drawing by Marcela Morales.
FIGURE 4. Brunellia ephemeropetala. A. Habitat. B. Infructescence. C in The discovery of a new species of Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) with ephemeral petals from Llanganates National Park, Ecuador
FIGURE 4. Brunellia ephemeropetala. A. Habitat. B. Infructescence. C. Early stages of petal development. D–F. Details of dissected flowers, sepals (se), petals (p), stamens (st), carpels (c). (Photographs A, B by Á. J. Pérez).
FIGURE 4. Brunellia lobinii. A, B in Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) in Peru-distribution, a new species and a key
FIGURE 4. Brunellia lobinii. A, B. Inflorescences of B. lobinii with female flowers of different age (© C. Löhne). C. Leaf section from the lower (left) and upper (right) leaf surface. D, E. SEM images of the lower leaf surface, the curly unicellular trichomes and the margin (© J. Jeiter). F. Distribution map of B. lobinii.
FIGURE 1 in Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) in Peru-distribution, a new species and a key
FIGURE 1. Number of Brunellia species per department in Peru; based on data from Brako & Zarucchi (1993) and León (2006) (filled bars), own results (open bars). Amazonas (AM), Cajamarca (CA), Cusco (CU), Huánuco (HU), Junín (JU), Lambayeque (LA), Pasco (PA), Puno (PU), San Martín (SM).
FIGURE 3. Brunellia lobinii. A. Leaf with node. B. Female flower with developing fruits from above. C in Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) in Peru-distribution, a new species and a key
FIGURE 3. Brunellia lobinii. A. Leaf with node. B. Female flower with developing fruits from above. C. female flower with developing fruits from below.
FIGURE 2 in Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) in Peru-distribution, a new species and a key
FIGURE 2. Distribution of twelve Brunellia species within Peru. A. B. brunnea, B. B. briquetii, C. B. cutervensis, D. B. cuzcoensis, E. B. dichapetaloides, F. B. dulcis, G. B. hexasepala, H. B. inermis, I. B. ovalifolia, J. B. sibundoya, K. B. stenoptera, L. B. weberbaueri). The northern and southern limits of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone is indicated by dashed lines according to Weigend (2004). Axis values are given in degree.
FIGURE 7 in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 7. Brunellia bullata (A–G), Brunellia cayambensis (H–L). A. Tree habit. B. Leaflets bullate. C. Stem ancipital, nodes thickened, and stipules insertion scars. D. Abaxial surface of the leaflets with scarcely light yellowish trichomes, margin 1- to 2-serrate. E. Young leaves folded by their central nerve. F. Buds glabrous. G. Inflorescences and infructescences congested. H. Tree habit. I. Vegetative growth of the leaves and stipules. J. Bullate surface of the leaflets, leaflets folded by their main nerve. K. Abaxial surface of the leaflets glaucous. L. The glabrous immature infructescence, with the striate peduncle. (Photographs by C. I. Orozco).
FIGURE 3 in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Brunellia alnifolia (A–E) and Brunellia boqueronensis (F). A. Habitat. B. Crown of the tree. C. Young reddish leaves, irregularly toothed margin and unfolded leaves. D. Details of vegetative branch. E. Leaves glaucous abaxially, secondary veins reddish. F. Fulvous tomentose indument in vegetative buds, stem and infructescence, leaf margins revolute. (Photographs A–E by A. F. BohórquezOsorio, F by C. I. Orozco).
FIGURE 2. Distribution map. A in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Distribution map. A. Brunellia alnifolia in Colombia. B. Brunellia hippocrepiformis in Ecuador.
FIGURE 1. Brunellia alnifolia. A. Flowering branch. B in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 1. Brunellia alnifolia. A. Flowering branch. B. Details of the leaf margin. C. Abaxial leaf reticulation. D. Abaxial indument of young leaves. E. Interpetiolar stipules. F. Inflorescence. G. Fruits H. Mature follicles. I. Follicle opening along ventral suture. J. Boatshaped endocarp in lateral and internal view. K. Seed attached to the funiculus. Drawing by Marcela Morales.
FIGURE 9. Brunellia hippocrepiformis. A in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 9. Brunellia hippocrepiformis. A. Fruiting branch (notice the uneven insertion of the petiole on the stem). B. Immature follicles, staminodes. C. Infructescence (the two large follicles form a horseshoe by the rotation of the fruit pedicel with the two largest follicles). (Photographs by A. J. Pérez).
FIGURE 8. Brunellia hippocrepiformis. A. Fruiting branch. B. Stipule scars. C. Stipules. D in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 8. Brunellia hippocrepiformis. A. Fruiting branch. B. Stipule scars. C. Stipules. D. Margin in abaxial view. E. Bullate surface of the leaves, margin and adaxial reticulation of the veins. F. Reticulation of the veins in the abaxial side of the leaves. G. Abaxial indument in the young leaf. H. Branching of the infructescence. I. Fragment of the inflorescence, bracts and bracteoles. J. Floral buds K. Maturing follicles. L. The two largest follicles in a horseshoe-shape. M. One of the largest follicles. N. Follicle opens by its ventral suture (the seeds are attached by their funiculus to the boat-shaped endocarp). Drawing by Marcela Morales.
FIGURE 4. Brunellia gracilis. A. Flowering and fruiting branch. B in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 4. Brunellia gracilis. A. Flowering and fruiting branch. B. Indument of abaxial leaflet. C. Details of leaves and stipules in early development. D. Branching of the inflorescence. E. Floral buds in details at the end of the inflorescence. F. Single floral bud G. Sepals adaxially thickened at the apex. H. Hermaphrodite flower. I. Mature follicles. J. Fruit opening along ventral suture, with the seed attached to the endocarp through the funiculus. Drawing by Marcela Morales.
FIGURE 6. Brunellia gracilis. A. Habitat. B. Tree habit. C in Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador
FIGURE 6. Brunellia gracilis. A. Habitat. B. Tree habit. C. Uneven growth in length of the vegetative branches. D. Abaxial surface of the leaflets, reticulation and margin. E. Foliar buds and stipules. F. Flowering branches, apex of the leaflets mucronate. G. Infructescence, bristly hairs on the follicles. H. Branching of the inflorescences, floral buds pilose. (Photographs by C. I. Orozco).
FIGURE 3 in The discovery of a new species of Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) with ephemeral petals from Llanganates National Park, Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Brunellia ephemeropetala.
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