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41 results for “Bt maize”
Data from: field evaluation: the effect of two transgenic Bt maize events on predatory arthropods in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China
<p>To illustrate the impact of genetically modified (GM) Bt maize on the natural enemy communities in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region in China, the abundance of seven common predator groups (<em>Geocoris pallidipennis</em>, <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>, lacewings, <em>Orius sauteri</em>, <em>Propylea japonica</em>, spiders, Staphylinidae) was quantitatively evaluated by planting Bt-Cry1Ab DBN9936 and Bt-Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125 events during the growing season from 2016 to 2019. A total of 11,172- 13,739 predators were observed in each varieties during four years, and the abundance of each groups on Bt maize varied between sample dates and among those enemy taxons. The shannon-Wiener diversity index from seven groups showed very similar temporal dynamics and there were not significant differences in Bt and non-Bt maize, showing that Bt maize did not disrupt the stability of predator enemy aggregation in the field. Spiders, <em>H. axyridis</em>, <em>P. japonica</em>, Lacewing, <em>O. sauteri</em> with positive taxon weights after using principal response curve (PRC) method, indicated that Bt maize had a positive effect on the abundances of individual taxa. All this indicating that the two Bt maize hybrids did not adversely affect predator community in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China.</p>
Fig. 1 in Effect of genetically modified Bt maize in an artificial diet on the survival of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Fig. 1. Probit response on log Bt concentration of Cydia pomonella larvae reared on a diet containing maize where the responses were: (A) larval mortality Y = 2.980 + 1.27(X); (B) delayed larval development, Y = 3.789 + 1.886(X) for experiment 1 and Y = 2.840 + 1.886(X) for experiment 2; (C) larvae leaving the diet, Y = 3.595 + 0.681(X); (D) total response or response A + B + C, Y = 4.133 + 2.344(X) for experiment 1 and Y = 3.592 + 2.344(X) for experiment 2. Y is the probit response and X is the log Bt concentration.
Figure 2 in A 6-year field monitoring of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in transgenic Bt maize in Brazil
Figure 2 Average number of fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda, collected in Bt hybrids, non-Bt hybrids and non-Bt hybrids sprayed with methomyl in 2015 and 2016 (period II), in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha. Average followed by the same upper-case letter between municipalities and same lower-case letter in each municipality do not differ statistically (Scott-Knott test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 1 in A 6-year field monitoring of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in transgenic Bt maize in Brazil
Figure 1 Average number of fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda collected in Bt hybrids, non-Bt hybrids and non-Bt hybrids sprayed with methomyl from 2011 to 2014 (period I), in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha. Average followed by the same upper-case letter between municipalities and same lower-case letter in each municipality do not differ statistically (Scott-Knott test at p ≤ 0.05).
Fig. 2 in Preference of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles of Bt maize induced by multiple herbivory
Fig. 2. Predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus preference for volatile compounds in two-choice olfactometer tests, comparing: conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae (C + Tu); conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae and Spodoptera frugiperda (C + Tu + Sf); Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae (Bt + Tu); Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae and S. frugiperda (Bt + Tu + Sf). Numbers in bars represent individual predatory mites that choose the indicated odor. No significant p ≥ 0.05.
Fig. 5 in Preference of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles of Bt maize induced by multiple herbivory
Fig. 5. Projection to principal component analysis (PCA) based on the headspace composition of volatiles of conventional maize plants uninfested (C = o); conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae (C + Tu = •); Bt maize plants uninfested (Bt = Δ); and Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae (Bt + Tu = N), using the first two principal components (Dim) with explained variance in brackets.
Fig. 1 in Preference of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles of Bt maize induced by multiple herbivory
Fig. 1. Predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus preference for volatile compounds in two-choice olfactometer tests, comparing: conventional maize plants uninfested (C); conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae (C + Tu); Bt maize plants uninfested (Bt); and Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae (Bt + Tu); Numbers in bars represent individual predatory mites that choose the indicated odor. No significant p ≥ 0.05.
Fig. 3 in Preference of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles of Bt maize induced by multiple herbivory
Fig. 3. Chromatograms of volatile compounds extracted from leaves of conventional maize plants uninfested (C); conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae (C + Tu); Bt maize plants uninfested (Bt); and Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae (Bt + Tu). The compounds observed in analysis were 1 = (E)-Hex-2-enal; 2 = heptanal; 3 = (E)-Oct-2-enal; 4 = α-pineno; 5 = β-cisocimeno; 6 = β-Ciclocitral; 7 = 1-metil-6-(3-metilbuta-1,3-dienil)-7-oxabiciclo[4,1,0]heptano; 8 = no identificated = C8; 9 = no identificated = C9; 10 = β-ionona; 11 = Ciclosativena; 12 = (E)-7-tetradecen-1-ol; 13 = no identificated = C13; 14 = Linolenic acid ethyl ester; 15 = no identificated = C15.
Fig. 4 in Preference of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for volatiles of Bt maize induced by multiple herbivory
Fig. 4. Chromatograms of volatile compounds extracted from leaves of conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae (C + Tu); conventional maize plants infested by Tetranychus urticae and Spodoptera frugiperda (C + Tu + Sf = +); Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae (Bt + Tu); Bt maize plants infested by T. urticae and S. frugiperda (Bt + Tu + Sf). The compounds observed in analysis were 1 = (E)-Hex-2-enal; 2 = heptanal; 3 = (E)-Oct-2-enal; 4 = ˛-pineno; 5 = ˇ-cisocimeno; 6 = ˇ-Ciclocitral; 7 = 1-metil-6- (3-metilbuta-1,3-dienil)-7-oxabiciclo[4,1,0]heptano; 8 = ˇ-ionona; 9 = no identificated = C9; 10 = (E)-7-tetradecen-1-ol; 11 = no identificated = C11; 12 = Linolenic acid ethyl ester; 13 = no identificated = C13.
Fig. 8 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 8. Estimated richness of insects in the whorl, ear and tassel of conventional (Conv.) and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins) from Iguatama county, MG. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 15 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 15. Estimated diversity of secondary pests (S.P.) and natural enemies (N.E.) in tassels of conventional and transgenic maize for Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins (A) and estimated richness in conventional maize and Bt maize (B), in different counties in Minas Gerais.Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 4 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 4. Estimated richness of insects in the whorl, ear and tassel of conventional (Conv.) and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab and Cry1F proteins) from Varjão de Minas county. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 16 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 16. Relationship between estimated richness of secondary pests and estimated richness of natural enemies in the studied cornfields.
Fig. 11 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 11. Estimated diversity secondary pests (S.P.) and natural enemies (N.E.) in conventional and transgenic maize whorls for Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins (A) and estimated diversity in conventional maize and Bt maize (B) in different counties in Minas Gerais. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 9 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 9. Estimated richness of insects in the whorl and tassel of conventional (Conv) and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab and Cry1F proteins) from Matozinhos county, MG. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 6 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 6. Estimated richness of insects in the whorl, ear and tassel of conventional (Conv.) and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins) from Três Corações county, MG. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 3 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 3. Estimated richness of insects in the whorl, ear and tassel of conventional (Conv.) and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins) from Nazareno county, MG. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 1 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 1. Abundance of different sizes of larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda in whorls of conventional and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins) from cornfields of different counties in Minas Gerais. Bars represent a 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 5 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 5. Estimated richness of insects in the whorl, ear and tassel of conventional (Conv.) and transgenic maize (Cry1Ab and Cry1F proteins) from Iraí de Minas Gerais county. Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 14 in Does Bt maize cultivation affect the non-target insect community in the agro ecosystem?
Fig. 14. Estimated richness of secondary pests (S.P.) and natural enemies (N.E.) in tassels of conventional and transgenic maize for Cry1Ab, Cry1F and combined Cry2Ab2 and Cry1A105 proteins (A) and estimated richness in conventional maize and Bt maize (B), in different counties in Minas Gerais.Bars represent 95% confidence interval.
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