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15 results for “Bull Shark”
Bull shark catches, water temperatures, salinities, and dissolved oxygen levels in the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE) , from May 2005 to May 2009
This dataset provides information on the catches of bull sharks in the Shark River Slough in relation to physical factors including dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity, and distance upstream. Analysis of data collected from 2005-2007 indicate that distance from the Gulf of Mexico and dissolved oxygen concentrations have the largest effects on bull shark catch rates. Data are presented for both young of the year sharks, which are concentrated in areas away from the main channel approximately 20km upstream, and older juvenile sharks which are found along the main channel at similar distances upstream. Salinity has a surprisingly weak impact on catches over the time frame initially investigated.
Figure 2 in Diet of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Figure 2. Trophic spectrum of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in Ecuadorian waters.
Figure 1 in Diet of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Figure 1. Landing port of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, caught in Ecuadorian waters.
Figure 2 in First inland record of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Celebes, Indonesia
Figure 2. The side view of C.leucas caught on the Pangkajene River, Pangkajene District, South Celebes Province, Indonesia. Photo Q. A. Mubaraq.
Figure 1 in First inland record of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Celebes, Indonesia
Figure 1. Location of known C. leucas collected in inland Indonesia. Green, blue, and yellow shows the previous record from Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua respectively; and red show recent record from Celebes.
Figure 3 in First inland record of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Celebes, Indonesia
Figure 3. The dorsal view of C.leucas caught on the Pangkajene River, Pangkajene District, South Celebes Province, Indonesia. Photo Q. A. Mubaraq.
Data from: Population structure, connectivity and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas
Knowledge of population structure, connectivity and effective population size remains limited for many marine apex predators, including the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas. This large-bodied coastal shark is distributed worldwide in warm temperate and tropical waters, and uses estuaries and rivers as nurseries. As an apex predator, the bull shark likely plays a vital ecological role within marine food webs, but is at risk due to inshore habitat degradation and various fishing pressures. We investigated the bull shark's global population structure and demographic history by analysing the genetic diversity of 370 individuals from 11 different locations using 25 microsatellite loci and three mitochondrial genes (CR, nd4, cytb). Both types of markers revealed clustering between sharks from the Western Atlantic and those from the Western Pacific and the Western Indian Ocean, with no contemporary gene flow. Microsatellite data suggested low differentiation between the Western Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, but substantial differentiation was found using mitochondrial DN A. Integrating information from both types of markers and using Bayesian computation with a random forest procedure (ABC-RF), this discordance was found to be due to a complete lack of contemporary gene flow. High genetic connectivity was found both within the Western Indian Ocean and within the Western Pacific. In conclusion, these results suggest important structuring of bull shark populations globally with important gene flow occurring along coastlines , highlighting the need for management and conservation plans on regional scales rather than oceanic basin scale.
Original FASTQ files of: Global genetic diversity and historical demography of the Bull Shark
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>Biogeographic boundaries and genetic structuring have important effects on the inferences and interpretation of effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) temporal variations, a key genetics parameter. We reconstructed the historical demography and divergence history of a vulnerable coastal high-trophic shark using population genomics and assessed our ability to detect recent bottlenecks events.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Western and Central Indo-Pacific (IPA), Western Tropical Atlantic (WTA), Eastern Tropical Pacific (EPA)</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong></p> <p>Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839)</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>A <a>DArTcap</a><sup>TM</sup> approach was used to sequence 475 samples and assess global genetic structuring. Three demographic models were tested on each population, using an ABC-RF framework coupled with coalescent simulations, to investigate within-cluster structure. Divergence times between clusters were computed, testing multiple scenarios, with <em>fastsimcoal</em>. N<sub>e</sub> temporal variations were reconstructed with STAIRWAYPLOT. Coalescent simulations were performed to determine the detectability of recent bottleneck under the estimated historical trend for datasets of this size.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Three genetic clusters corresponding to the IPA, WTA and EPA regions were identified, agreeing with previous studies. The IPA presented the highest genetic diversity and was consistently identified as the oldest. No significant within-cluster structuring was detected. N<sub>e </sub>increased globally, with an earlier onset in the IPA, during the last glacial period. Coalescent simulations showed that weak and recent bottlenecks could not be detected with our dataset, while old and/or strong bottlenecks would erase the observed ancestral expansion.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p> <p>This study further confirms the role of marine biogeographic breaks in shaping the genetic history of large mobile marine predator. N<sub>e </sub>Historical increases of N<sub>e</sub> are potentially linked to extended coastal habitat availability. The limited within-cluster population structuring suggests that Ne can be monitored over ocean basins. Due to insufficient amount of available genetic data, it cannot be concluded whether overfishing is impacting Bull Shark genetic diversity, calling for whole genome sequencing.</p>
Original FASTQ files of: Global genetic diversity and historical demography of the Bull Shark
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Data from: Population structure, connectivity and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas
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Data from: Essential waters: young bull sharks in Fiji's largest riverine system
Coastal and estuarine systems provide critical shark habitats due to their relatively high productivity and shallow, protected waters. The young (neonates, young-of-the-year and juveniles) of many coastal shark species occupy a diverse range of habitats and areas where they experience environmental variability, including acute and seasonal shifts in local salinities and temperatures. Although the location and functioning of essential shark habitats has been a focus in recent shark research, data paucity from the South Pacific is evident. In this study, we document the temporal and spatial distribution, age class composition and environmental parameters of young bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in the Rewa, Sigatoka and Navua Rivers, Fiji's three largest riverine systems. One-hundred and seventy-two young bull sharks were captured from January 2016 to April 2018. The vast majority of the captures were neonates. Seasonality in patterns of occurrence of neonate individuals suggests a defined parturition period during summer. Environmental parameters between the Rewa and the Sigatoka River differed significantly, as did the recorded young bull sharks abundance. According to the surveys, young bull sharks occur in all three rivers with the Rewa River likely representing essential habitats for newly born bull sharks.
Data from: Essential waters: young bull sharks in Fiji’s largest riverine system
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SNP data: Population genetic structure in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
<p><span>The bull shark (<em>Carcharhinus leucas</em>) is a large, mobile, circumglobally distributed high trophic level predator that inhabits a variety of remote islands and continental coastal habitats, including freshwater environments. </span>Here, we hypothesise that the barriers to dispersal created by large oceanic expanses and deep-water trenches result in a heterogeneous distribution of the neutral genetic diversity between island bull shark populations compared to populations sampled in continental locations connected through continuous coastlines of continental shelves. <span>We analysed 1,494 high-quality neutral Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers in 215 individual bull sharks from widespread locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans (South Africa, Indonesia, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, eastern Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji). Genomic analyses revealed partitioning between remote insular and continental populations, with the Fiji population being genetically different from all other locations sampled (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> 0.034-0.044, <i>P </i>< 0.001), and </span>New Caledonia showing marginal isolation (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> 0.016-0.024, <i>P </i>< 0.001; albeit based on a small sample size) from most sampled sites<span>.</span> Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) identified samples from Fiji as a distinct cluster with all other sites as one large cluster. Genetic structure analyses (Admixture, STRUCTURE & AssignPOP) further supported the genetic isolation of bull sharks from Fiji, with the analyses in agreement. The observed differentiation in bull sharks from Fiji makes this site of special interest, as it indicates a lack of migration through dispersal across deep-water trenches and large ocean expanses.</p>
Ontogenetic changes in the tooth morphology of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
<p>Teeth are an integral component of feeding ecology with a clear link between tooth morphology and diet, as without suitable dentition prey cannot be captured nor broken down for consumption. Bull sharks <em>Carcharhinus leucas</em> undergo an ontogenetic niche shift from freshwater to marine habitats, which raises the question: does tooth morphology change with ontogeny? Tooth shape, surface area and thickness were measured using both traditional morphometrics and an Elliptic Fourier Analysis, to determine if morphology varied with position in the jaw and if there was an ontogenetic change concordant with this niche shift. Significant ontogenetic differences in tooth morphology as a function of position in the jaw and shark total length were found, with upper and lower jaws of bull sharks presenting two different tooth morphologies. Tooth shape and thickness fell into two groupings, anterior and posterior, in both the upper and lower jaws. Tooth surface area, however, indicated three groupings, mesial, intermediate and distal, in both the upper and lower jaws. While tooth morphology changed significantly with size, showing an inflexion at sharks of 135 cm total length, each morphological aspect retained the same tooth groupings throughout. These ontogenetic differences in tooth morphologies reflect tooth strength, prey handling and heterodonty.</p>
SNP data: Population genetic structure in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
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