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33 results for “Bursaphelenchus xylophilus”
Study of the non-vector spread of the pine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus through sawdust
<p>The goal of the study was to assess the possibility of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> trees to be infested with pinewood nematode <em>B. xylophilus</em> through PWN-infested sawdust. The trials were conducted in climatic room at a temperature of 26℃ and at humidity of 60-70% from June to October, 2020. Each trial included 4-year-old seedlings of 12 <em>Pinus sylvestris </em>pines.</p> <p>The experiment contained seven trials, including the control: 1) uninjured stem + PWN-infested sawdust, 2) injured stem + PWN-infested sawdust, 3) injured stem + PWN-infested sawdust is 2.5 cm from the stem, 4) uninjured roots + PWN-infested sawdust in soil, 5) injured roots + PWN-infested sawdust in soil, 6) injured roots without sawdust, and 7) control. At the end of the experiment, the number of pinewood nematodes in the stem and roots of infested seedlings was counted. The number of nematodes is based on 100 grams wet weight of woody substrate and 100 cm<sup>3</sup> for soil substrate. We counted the number of wilted pine seedlings taking into account wilt classes (from 0 to 5) in different trials at the 20th week of the experiment. </p>
Figure A1 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure A1: Principal components analysis of variation (A) and correlation coefficient analysis (B) among sequenced transcriptomes to show correlation among samples (control, CK1-3 and the treated samples, P1-3).
Figure A3 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure A3: Observation of the normal PWNs (A) and punicalagin-treated PWNs twisting abnormally (B) under microscope.
Figure 5 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 5: Expression of six differentially expressed genes by (A) RNA-Seq, (B) qRT-PCR and (C) their correlation.
Figure A2 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure A2: Annotated KEGG pathway of Endocytosis (A), Peroxisome (B) and MAPK signaling pathways (C) about differentially expressed genes. Genes in blue frames with red borders were up-regulated, genes in blue frames with yellow borders were down-regulated and genes in blue frames with sky-blue borders were simultaneously up-regulated and down-regulated.
Figure 4 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 4: Annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (A) Column diagram of DEGs using GO annotation. The bottom X-axis indicates the number of genes annotated on different GO terms. The X-axis indicates the ratios of genes annotated on different GO terms to all terms used for the GO annotation. (B) Scatter diagram of DEGs with GO enrichment. (C) KOG functional classification of DEGs.
Figure 3 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 3: Functional annotation of unigenes. (A) GO functional annotation statistics on level 2. (B) KOG annotation statistics. (C) KEGG pathway annotation statistics. A. Cellular processes. B. Environmental information processing. C. Genetic information processing. D. metabolism. E. Organismal systems.
Figure 4 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 4: (CONtiNUed)
Figure 2 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 2: Functional annotation statistics of unigenes.
Figure 1 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 1: Sequence length distribution of assembled unigenes.
Figure A2 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure A2: (CONtiNUed)
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ̶ Pest Report and Datasheet to support ranking of EU candidate priority pests
<p>These two files are part of the outputs produced under the mandate <a href="http://registerofquestions.efsa.europa.eu/roqFrontend/wicket/page?1-1.ILinkListener-contentPane-listContainer-pageable-21-mandateNumberLnk">M-2017-0056</a> of the European Commission requesting EFSA for technical assistance in the field of quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests as by Article 6(2) of the Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 <em>on protective measures against pests of plants</em>.</p> <p>Under the mandate EFSA produced: i) 1 methodology report (DOI available at the field "Related/alternate identifiers"), ii) 28 datasheets, one for each of the 28 candidate pests, and iii) 28 pest reports supporting the information provided in the datasheets.</p> <p>EFSA wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Hugh Evans and Christer Magnusson to the EKE and the review conducted by Gregor Urek.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from Singapore-a new species of the B. xylophilus group
FIGURE 2. Light photomicrographs of Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. A, B: Head region; C, D: Female tail; E, F: Male bursa; G, H: Male tail; I: Vulval region. (Scale bars = 10 µm).
FIGURE 1 in Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from Singapore-a new species of the B. xylophilus group
FIGURE 1. Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. A: Female; B: Male; C: Head region; D: Female tails; E: Male tail; F: Vulval region; G: Bursa; H:. Spicules. (Scale bars = 10 µm).
FIGURE 4 in Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from Singapore-a new species of the B. xylophilus group
FIGURE 4. ITSRFLP patterns of Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. and six morphologically similar species. Each picture shows (from left to right) DNA marker (100 bp ladder, Invitrogen), rDNA amplification product, restriction fragments obtained with Rsa I, Hae III, Msp I, Hinf I, Alu I, and again DNA marker.
FIGURE 3 in Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from Singapore-a new species of the B. xylophilus group
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of Bursaphelenchus singaporensis sp. n. A: Head region; B: Female tail; C: Male tail showing caudal papillae, bursa and protruded tips of spicules; D: Female cuticle showing four lateral lines.
Supplementary material 2 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure S2. Phylograms of fungal associates of pine infected by PWN and Monochamusalternatus in China : Explanation note: The phylograms were generated after MP analysis of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA and partial tub2 sequences. Novel sequences obtained in the current study are indicated in bold type. MP bootstrap values (10,000 replicates) and ML bootstrap support values (1000 replicates) (normal type) above 70% are indicated at the nodes. Values below 70% are indicated by asterisk (*). Posterior probabilities (above 90%) obtained from BI are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branching points. Scale bar, total nucleotide differences between taxa; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum parsimony; BI, Bayesian inference.
Supplementary material 1 from: Wang HM, Lun YY, Lu Q, Liu HX, Decock C, Zhang XY (2018) Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pines infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus alternatus in China, including three new species. MycoKeys 39: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.27014
Figure S1. Phylogram of fungal associates of pine infected by PWN and Monochamusalternatus in China : Explanation note: The phylogram was generated after MP analysis of partial tub2 sequences. O.ips sequences obtained in the current study are designated in bold type. MP bootstrap value and BI values are indicated at the branch nodes; values below 70% are indicated by asterisk (*).
Functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities in response to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infestation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region
<p>To study the effect of the invasion of <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> on the functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities, the populations of tree species and insect communities were investigatived in the Masson pine forests with different infestation durations of <i>B. xylophilus</i>.</p>
Figure 6 in Transcriptomic analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus treated by a potential phytonematicide, punicalagin
Figure 6: Annotated, enriched KEGG pathway. (A) Annotated KEGG pathway of phagosome. Genes in blue frames with red borders were up-regulated, genes in blue frames with yellow borders were down-regulated, and genes in blue frames with sky-blue borders were simultaneously up-regulated and down-regulated. (B) Annotated KEGG pathway of oxidative phosphorylation about DEGs. Genes in blue frames with white borders were differentially expressed in the pathway.
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