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106 results for “CLUES”
Phloem anatomy constraints root system architecture development: theoretical clues from in silico experiments [software and dataset]
<p>Simulation software and results for "<strong>Phloem anatomy constraints root system architecture development: theoretical clues from in silico experiments</strong>"</p>
Plant pathogens provide clues to the origin of bat white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans
<p>Phylogenomic analyses of P. destructans.</p> <p>This is a snapshot of the GitLab repository available at https://gitlab.gwdg.de/molsysevol/pseudogymnoascus-destructans-phylogeny/.</p>
Fig. 2 in Spore-like bodies in some early Paleozoic acritarchs: Clues to chlorococcalean affinities
Fig. 2. Cross sections of late Devonian (Frasnian) early post mortem calcified acritarchs enclosing internal bodies comparable with spores (auto− and aplanospores) of modern unicellular green algae. All from late Devonian (Frasnian) calcispheric limestones, Sosnowiec IG−1 borehole, core depth 2389– 2395 m (Upper Silesia, southern Poland). A. Pyri− tized acanthomorph (Baltisphaeridium−like) acritarch with internal structures resembling aplanospores. ZPAL Ak. 2/Sos1−70f. B–D. Baltisphaeridium−like acritarchs with singular acanthomorph internal bodies (autospores); noteworthy is the varying size of the internal bodies which in (C) is almost filling the vesicle volume. ZPAL Ak. 2/Sos1−17 (B), ZPAL Ak. 2/Sos1−70g (C), ZPAL Ak. 2/Sos1−60l (D). E. Photomicrograph of petrographic thin−section of the acritarch−bearing limestone to show the frequency of acritarchs in a cut−plane 800×450 µm. ZPAL Ak. 2/Sos1−50h. All transmitted light photomicrographs of petrographic thin−sections. Scale bars: A–D 10 µm; E 100 µm.
Fig. 1 in Spore-like bodies in some early Paleozoic acritarchs: Clues to chlorococcalean affinities
Fig. 1. Examples of early Silurian (Llandoverian) polygonomorph and acanthomorph acritarchs with internal structures resembling spores (auto− and aplanospores) of modern unicellular green algae. A. Veryhachium specimen with well−visible internal body displaying shape similar to the mother cell (autospore); ZPAL Ak. 2/Zal01. B. Neoveryhachium−like specimen enclosing spheroid bodies reminiscent of aplanospores; ZPAL Ak. 2/Zal02. Both from Zalesie Nowe (Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland); residuum of HF−dissolved black radiolarian cherts. Transmitted light photomicrographs.
Fig. 3 in Spore-like bodies in some early Paleozoic acritarchs: Clues to chlorococcalean affinities
Fig. 3. Comparison of early Silurian (Llandoverian) sphaeromorph acritarchs enclosing spherical structures resembling spores (autospores and/or aplanospores) with modern unicellular green algae and capsular cyanobacteria. A, B. Petrographic thin−sections of early Silurian black radiolarian cherts. Locality Zalesie Nowe (Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). A. Leiosphaeridia−like acritarch with two internal bodies. ZPAL Ak. 2/Zal03. B. Larger Leiosphaeridia−like specimen with three spherical internal bodies. ZPAL Ak. 2/Zal04. C, D. Modern chlorococcalean microalgae (Chlorococcum sp.) at two stages of spore formation. Living specimens collected from Wilanowski Pond, Warsaw. E, F. Modern capsular cyanobacteria (Stanieria cf. cyanosphaera) at various stages of spore (beocyte) formation. Yerseke Culture Collection, The Netherlands. All transmitted light photomicrographs.
Fig. 6 in Spore-like bodies in some early Paleozoic acritarchs: Clues to chlorococcalean affinities
Fig. 6. Modes of preservation of spore−like bodies in early Silurian (Llandoverian) acritarchs from Quarry WNW Döbra, Frankenwald, Germany. A. Kerogenous spore−like spheroids in an acanthomorph specimen with one empty spheroid at the top showing an autospore−like spinose carbonaceous wall. ZPAL Ak. 2/Döbra01. B. Similar spheroids in an herkomorph specimen preserved as purely siliceous structures with totally degraded former carbonaceous walls delineated now by fine mineral granules. ZPAL Ak. 2/Döbra02. C–G. Raman confocal microscope analysis of an (?) herkomorph acritarch enclosing a spore−like spheroids (one indicated by arrow head): optical microscope view in transmitted light (C), two confocal Raman mappings of the same specimen, showing distribution of carbon (black color) (D, E); red arrows in D indicate points where Raman spectra from the internal body (F) and acritarch wall (G) have been obtained. Note the similarity of both spectra. ZPAL Ak. 2/Döbra03. Scale bars 10 µm.
Fig. 5 in Spore-like bodies in some early Paleozoic acritarchs: Clues to chlorococcalean affinities
Fig. 5. Examples of early Silurian (Llandoverian) herkomorph acritarchs (classified also by some authors to prasinophytes) enclosing internal bodies comparable with spores of modern unicellular green algae. All from early Silurian (Llandoverian) black radiolarian cherts; locality Łupianka Hill near Żdanów village, Bardzkie Mountains, southwestern Poland. A. Specimen of Cymatiosphaera in SEM view. ZPAL Ak. 2/Lup19. B. Transmitted light micrograph of cross−section of Cymatiosphaera−like specimen from same sample as above enclosing spherical aplanospore−like structures. ZPAL Ak. 2/Lup26. C, D. Specimens of Cymatiosphaera sp., in SEM view. Inside the specimen D spheroid bodies resembling aplanospores of modern unicellular green algae are visible. ZPAL Ak. 2/13, ZPAL Ak. 2/27. E. Specimen of Dictyotidium sp., in SEM view. ZPAL Ak. 2/25. F. Transmitted light micrograph of cross−section of a specimen of the same taxon enclosing remnant of spherical structure resembling aplanospore or hypnospore; note the fine granular structure of the SiO2 permineralized spore wall contrasting strongly with much coarser mineral substance filling the spore interior. ZPAL Ak. 2/25a. A, C, E, and F, 40 sec. HF−etched polished rock platelets.
Figure 6 in The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia
Figure 6. Section of the most parsimonious tree obtained from the cladistic analysis with implied weights (preferred hypothesis) plotted against the South African Permo-Triassic biostratigraphy. Vertical bars and solid circles indicate taxon ranges and single specimen occurrences, respectively. Abbreviations: Chsn, Changhsingian; Ciste., Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone; PTB, Permo-Triassic boundary. Numbers indicate million years ago. Stratigraphic chart follows Catuneanu et al. (2005).
Figure 5. A in The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia
Figure 5. A, majority-rule consensus tree of nine equally parsimonious trees retrieved from an analysis with characters having equal weights. Tree length = 129, consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.60, retention index = 0.81. Numbers in bold indicate frequency of clades in the fundamental trees. Nodes without numbers indicate the clades present in the strict consensus. Values of Bremer support above 1 are indicated in parentheses. B, most parsimonious tree obtained from the analysis with implied weights with coefficient of concavity = 6, and one of the nine most parsimonious trees from the analysis with characters having equal weights. Total fit = 62.68, adjusted homoplasy = 6.32.
Figure 3 in The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia
Figure 3. Charassognathus gracilis gen. et sp. nov. SAM-PK-K10369. A, stereoscopic photograph and interpretative drawing of the left lateral view; B, stereoscopic photograph and interpretative drawing of the right anterior portion of the snout; C, the right articulated femur, tibia and fibula. Abbreviations: 3rd cv, third cervical vertebra; a, axis; ang, angular; cl, lower canine; d, dentary; fem, femur; fib, fibula; fr, frontal; i,, first and third lower incisors; i2,4, second and fourth upper 1 3 incisors; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pc1,2, first, second upper postcanines; pc, first lower postca1 nine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; rl, reflected lamina; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; sur, surangular; tib, tibia. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Figure 2. A in The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia
Figure 2. A, chronostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic chart of the Permian section of the Beaufort Group; B, sedimentological section of the locality showing the occurrence of Charassognathus gracilis gen. et sp. nov., SAM-PK-K10369 (arrow). Abbreviations: AZ, Assemblage Zone; BIO., biostratigraphy; CHRONO., chronostratigraphy; Chsn, Changhsingian; Ciste., Cistecephalus; FM., Formation; LITHO., lithostratigraphy; MEM., Member; Steenkamp., Steenkampsberg; Tapino., Tapinocephalus; Tropid., Tropidostoma.
Figure 4. A in The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia
Figure 4. A, reconstruction of the skull of Charassognathus gracilis gen. et sp. nov., SAM-PK-K10369, in lateral view; B, high magnification of a postcanine tooth. Abbreviations: ang, angular; d, dentary; ep, epipterygoid; fr, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; rl, reflected lamina; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; sur, surangular. Scale bars = 10 mm and 1 mm, respectively.
Figure 1. A in The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia
Figure 1. A, map of South Africa showing the extent of the Hoedemaker Member in the Beaufort Group; B, detailed map showing fossiliferous localities of the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone, including the locality where Charassognathus gracilis gen. et sp. nov., SAM-PK-K10369, was found (star, locality 16; for additional information on material found in these localities see Table 1).
FIG. 3 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia
FIG. 3. — Siluriforms from the Honda Group: A1-A3, complete lapillus otolith (Holotype) of †Sciades maldonadonis n. sp. (VPPLT-832) from the Honda Group. B1-B3, dorsal spine fragment of Ariidae indet. (VPPLT-1108); C1-C3, incomplete neurocranium of Oxydoras sp. (ULA-1316); D-M, Phractocephalus sp.; D, parietosupraoccipital frontal fragment (VPPLT-1272); E, F, parieto-supraoccipital bone fragments; E, VPPLT-1128; F, VPPLT-223; G, pterotic fragment (VPPLT-442); H, sphenotic fragment, VPPLT-421; I, indeterminate fragments, VPPLT-742; J, right pectoral girdle (IGM-s/n°); K-M, pectoral spines fragments; K, M, VPPLT-043; L, ULA-44; N-P, Hoplosternum sp.; N, O, parieto-supraoccipital; N, VPPLT-1453; O, ULA-829; P, left pectoral-fin spine, VPPLT-1250; Q-T, Doradidae indet.; Q, R, parieto-supraoccipital; Q, VPPLT-921; R, ULA-2997; S, T, fragmented pectoral-fin spines; S, VPPLT-43; T, VPPLT-1442; U1, U2, cf. Acanthicus sp., pectoral-fin spine, VPPLT-469; V1, V2, cf. Hypostomus sp., left pectoral-fin spine, VPPLT-504; W, X, Loricariidae indet.; W, skull fragment, VPPLT-1375; X, portion of a caudal fin, ULA-2413. Views: B1, U1, V2, anterior; C1, D-I, N-R, V1, dorsal; A1, dorsal face; C3, left lateral; A3, X, lateral; B2, U2, posterior; B3, J, right lateral; C2, ventral; A2, ventral face; K-M, S-T, W, indet. Abbreviations: acf, anterior cranial fontanel; ad, anterior dentations; adp-cl, anterior dorsal process of cleithrum; cl, cleithrum; fr, frontal; lf, left frontal; lle, left lateral ethmoid; mes, mesethmoid; pas, parasphenoid; pd, posterior dentations; pdp-cl, posterior dorsal process of cleithrum; pp-cl, posterior process of cleithrum; rf, right frontal; rle, right lateral ethmoid; sop, parieto-supraoccipital; vtp, vomeral tooth plate. Scale bars: A, N, V, 6 mm; B, E, F, L, O, Q-S, W, X, 5 mm; C, D, H, I, K, 10 mm; G, 7 mm; J, 20 mm; M, 8 mm; P, 3 mm; T, 4 mm; U, 9 mm.
FIG. 1 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia
FIG. 1. — Geographical position (A) of the Honda Group's stratigraphic section (B) at La Venta site placed in the Upper Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. For details on the localities' geographic coordinates and stratigraphic position, please see Appendix 2.
F. 6 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia
F. 6. — Biostratigraphy of the freshwater fishes from the Honda group and palaeoenvironments. The fish fossil record is based on localities presented in Fig. 1B and Appendix. Palaeoenvironments: 1, anastomosing river interpreted by Guerrero (1997), diagram based on Li & Zhang; 2, small meandering stream interpreted by Guerrero (1997) or a sand-bed meandering river interpreted by Mora-Rojas et al.);, braided river interpreted by Villarroel et al. (1996) and Guerrero, influenced by debris flows and catastrophic flood events Mora-Rojas et al.), diagram based on Nichols (2009);, meandering river interpreted by Guerrero (1997) or a gravel-sand meandering fluvial system interpreted by Mora-Rojas et al.); 5, possible distal facies of an alluvial fan or a terminal fan in the distributary zone, suggested by Mora-Rojas et al., diagram based on Peterson.
FIG. 5 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia
FIG. 5. — Fish palaeodiversity from the middle Miocene Honda Group: A, overall taxa reported in the Honda group by orders, "Osteoglossiformes & others" include Arapaima Müller, 1843 and †Acregoliath Richter, 1989; B, total number of taxa by families and geological unit. The total number of taxa is based on Table 1 and Appendix 1.
FIG. 2 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia
FIG. 2. — Stingrays (A1-G2) and cichlids (H1-L2) from the Honda Group: A1, A2, cf. Potamotrygon sp. tooth (VPPLT 10000); B1-F, isolated dermal bucklers; B1, B2, VPPLT-1415; C, E, VPPLT-1245; D, VPPLT-1126; F, VPPLT-1239; G1, G2, isolated caudal spines (VPPLT-42) of Potamotrygonidae indet.; H1-H4, left dentary of cf. Astronotus sp. (VPPLT-668A); I1, I2, left dentary of the extant Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) (ANSP s/n); J1-J3, left dentary of cf. Cichla sp. (VPPLT-668B); K1-K3, left dentary of the extant Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (PIMUZ A/I 4897); L1, L2, indet. cichlid anal spine (VPPLT-1164). Views: L1, anterior; B, C-G1, H3, I2, J3, K3, dorsal; A1, labial; A2, lingual-lateral; H1, I1, J2, K1-K2, left lateral; L2, lateral; B2, profile; H4, J1, right lateral; G2, H2, ventral. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, 1 cm; C, E, I1, J, K2, 5 mm; D, H, 7 mm; F, K1, L, 6 mm; G, K3, 4 mm; I2, 3 mm.
Data from: Analysis of evolutionary relationships provides new clues to the origins of weedy rice
<p>Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is considered to be a pest in modern rice production systems because it competes for resources, has poor yield characteristics, and subsequently has a negative effect on rice grain yield. The evolutionary relationships among weedy rice, landrace rice, improved rice cultivars, and wild rice are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a population genetic analysis based on neutral markers and gene haplotypes in 524 rice accessions and a comparative transcriptomic analysis using 15 representative samples. The results showed that weedy rice populations have the highest level of genetic diversity (He=0.8386), and can be divided into two groups (japonica-type and indica-type). The japonica-type weedy rice accessions from HLJ, JL, LN, and NX provinces clustered with the landraces grown in these same provinces. The indica-types from JS province also clustered with the indica-type landraces from JS province. Comparative transcriptome analysis of weedy rice populations, improved rice populations. and landrace rice from HLJ, JL and LN provinces showed that the weedy rice still clustered with the landrace rice, and that the improved rice lines comprise a single population. Thirty-two differentially expressed genes were shared by the improved rice and landrace rice groups as well as between the improved rice and weedy rice groups. Using GO analysis, we identified 19 shared GO terms in the improved rice and landrace rice groups as well as between the improved rice and weedy rice groups. Our results suggest that weedy rice populations in China have diverse origins, and comparative transcriptome analysis of different types of rice from HLJ, JL, and LN suggests that improved rice populations have become a medium or end point in the evolution of weedy rice, which provides a new perspective for the study of weedy rice origins and lays a solid foundation for rice breeding.</p>
Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment
<p>Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs, were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Mya), upper Dorotea Formation in the Magallanes/Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido-Las Chinas complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks range from 0.2 m to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in three sections (transverse, radial, and tangential) and analysed under a light microscope to study the permineralised fossils. The woods and stems belong to Austroginkgoxylon gen. et sp. nov., Agathoxylon antarcticum, Podocarpoxylon paradoxi sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon mazzonii, Palmoxylon subantarcticae, and Nothomalvaceoxylon magallanense gen.et sp. nov. The growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a global scale.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.