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4 results for “CVPIA”
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2021: Impacts of Water Diversions in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta). Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. Water diversions that support agricultural and municipal use result in fish mortality through entrainment and impingement. Additionally, this infrastructure may attract both predators and prey fishes, thereby increasing predation rates and prey mortality near these anthropogenic contact points. Throughout the spring of 2021, we used ARIS (adaptive resolution imaging sonar; Sound Metrics) sonars to compare piscivore abundance at 30 small water diversions in the north Delta to adjacent shorelines. We used predation event recorders (PERs) to assess the predation risk of juvenile salmonids with linear distance (m) from diversions and other predation drivers in the north Delta. Finally, we used a boat electrofishing survey to determine the piscivore community structure and compare spatial trends in black bass (Micropterus spp.) CPUE and relative abundance throughout these waterways. Piscivore abundance was greater near small water diversions than at adjacent shorelines and the predation risk of juvenile salmonids increased with proximity to diversions. Additionally, predation risk increased with increasing piscivore abundance and decreasing water depth. The north Delta predator community was dominated by black b
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2019: Impacts of Artificial Light At Night in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. A recent Literature review and meta-analysis of potential contact points in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta identified artificial lighting at night (ALAN) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) as two contact points that have been found to influence predation elsewhere and warrant further study in this river delta (Lehman et al. 2019). Other contact points identified in this review that may affect predation of fall-run Chinook salmon juveniles included water diversions, docks, piers, scour holes, and rip rap; however, the literature on predator prey interactions associated with these contact points is lacking (Lehman et al. 2019). These datasets cover two different experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during spring 2019 from April - June. One experiment focused on artificial illumination and was a paired control impact study where new artificial illumination sources were introduced into the ecosystem. The other experiment relied on existing physical contact points (SAV, docks, pilings, bridges, and diversions) and assessed predation risk as a function of proximity to these points. Both experiments used predation event recorders to quantify relative predation risk and the ALAN experiment used Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar (ARIS) t
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2022: The impact of submerged aquatic vegetation removal on fish predation in a tidal river channel
Proliferation of non-native submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has the potential to cause widespread ecosystem changes, and has been attributed to declines in native fish populations around the world. One pathway for these declines is non-native SAV may render ecosystems more hospitable to fish predator species by creating habitat structure, by altering lower trophic food webs, or by affecting predator-prey interactions. It is presumed that non-native vegetation removal will generally favor native fish, however, fish community responses to SAV removals are not well understood. Using a field-based Before-After-Control-Impact study design, we measured the impact of manual SAV removals on short-term changes in predator abundance, predation risk on juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; a native fish of management concern), and the aerobic scope of predator and prey in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. We found that, while SAV removals decreased abundances of the most common SAV-associated predator, largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), they resulted in higher predation risk of tethered prey, likely due to the removal of refuge habitat and the immigration of an open-water predator, striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ). SAV removals also buffered against a seasonal decline in environmental oxygen supply, increasing the aerobic scope of juvenile Chinook salmon and largemouth bass; whether such gains for prey would outweigh the persistent aerobic advantage of predators is an open question. While limited in spatial and temporal scope, this study has put into question any short-term benefits of small-scale SAV removal efforts for native fish populations, especially in areas where open-water predator species are abundant.
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2020: Impacts of Artificial Light At Night in the Upper Sacramento River
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are a genetically distinct Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) with a unique life history and are listed as endangered at both state and federal levels. Predation of juvenile winter-run by piscivorous fishes is considered to be an important stressor that may reduce the population size of this ESU. Notably, the presence of artificial illumination at night (ALAN) has been shown to aggregate and slow out-migrating salmonids and increase predation by piscivores, and may be an important contact point affecting winter-run Chinook salmon, especially given the vast majority of winter-run Chinook salmon are born and rear within the city limits of Redding, CA. Perhaps the most significant source of ALAN in this region of the Sacramento River is the iconic Sundial Bridge. This bridge is illuminated at night and regional biologists have long been concerned on its potential impacts on winter-run Chinook salmon, as mediated through predation by Rainbow Trout. We therefore performed a field-based experiment to better inform this management concern. To assess the impacts of Sundial Bridge ALAN on fishes, our first objective was to determine whether variable ALAN intensities altered the relati
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