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Fig. 13 in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 13. Smenospongia coreana (A, B) and S. aurea (C-F: LA County Museum) A, entire animal; B, changed colour to blackish dark brown; C, entire animal; D, closed surface; E, F, skeletal structure (black colour is primary fibres). Scale bars: E = 200 μm, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 2. Smenospongia nigra n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 2. Smenospongia nigra n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, end of primary fibre; D, surface primary and secondary fibre; E, choanosome secondary fibres enclosed egg ball; F, choanosome skeletal structure; G, base secondary fibres; H, echinating primary fibres. Scale bars: A = 3 cm, C-H = 200 μm.

Fig. 6. Smenospongia scalaris n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 6. Smenospongia scalaris n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, surface skeletal structure; E, choanosome skeletal structure; F, closed skeletal structure. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C-E = 200 μm, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 10. Smenospongia gageoensis n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 10. Smenospongia gageoensis n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, closed primary fibres; F, closed secondary fibres. Scale bars: A = 1 cm, C, D = 200 μm, E, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 5. Smenospongia dokdoensis n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 5. Smenospongia dokdoensis n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, D, surface skeletal structure; E, choanosome skeletal structure; F, end of primary fibres cored spicules. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C-E = 200 μm, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 1. Smenospongia spinulosa n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 1. Smenospongia spinulosa n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome; E, surface skeletal structure; F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C-E = 200 μm, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 12. Cacospongia dokdoensis n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 12. Cacospongia dokdoensis n. sp. A, entire animal; B, skeletal structure; C, D, closed primary fibres; E, F, closed secondary fibres. Scale bars: A = 1 cm, B = 200 μm, C-F = 100 μm.

Fig. 9. Smenospongia duokyeo n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 9. Smenospongia duokyeo n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C and E, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C-E = 200 μm, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 11. Cacospongia bakusi n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 11. Cacospongia bakusi n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C, D = 200 μm, E, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 8. Smenospongia varispina n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 8. Smenospongia varispina n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, F, closed skeletal structure. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C, D = 200 μm, E, F = 100 μm.

Fig. 4. Smenospongia arbuscula n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 4. Smenospongia arbuscula n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface primary and secondary fibres; D, choanosome primary fibres; E, primary fibres enclosed egg ball; F, free egg ball. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C, D = 200 μm, E = 50 μm, F = 10 μm.

Fig. 3. Smenospongia flavia n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 3. Smenospongia flavia n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface skeletal structure; D, choanosome skeletal structure; E, closed primary fibre; F, skeletal structure. Scale bars: A = 2 cm, C, D = 200 μm, E = 100 μm, F = 200 μm.

Fig. 7. Smenospongia wiedenmayeri n in Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea

Fig. 7. Smenospongia wiedenmayeri n. sp. A, entire animal; B, closed surface; C, surface secondary fibres; D, E, choanosomes skeletal structure; F, closed primary fibres. Scale bars: A = 3 cm, C-E = 200 μm, F = 100 μm.

FIG. 7. — Semitaspongia bactriana n in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 7. — Semitaspongia bactriana n. sp.; A, side view; B, fibre skeleton; C, detail of fibre skeleton; D, detail of fibre skeleton; E, histological detail, showing clear tracks of choanocyte chambers through a bed of collagen. Scale bars: B, C, 500 µm; D, E, 250 µm.

FIG. 4. — Semitaspongia glebosa n in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 4. — Semitaspongia glebosa n. sp.; A, holotype, NMNZ POR457 (= SDCC/NZ081); B, paratype, SDCC/NZ080; C, paratype, SDCC/NZ078, fibre skeleton; D, paratype, SDCC/NZ078, detail of fibre skeleton; E, holotype, NMNZ POR457 (= SDCC/NZ081), with some unidentified structures at the surface of the sponge, which superficially resemble fibres; F, holotype, NMNZ POR457 (= SDCC/NZ081), histological detail. Scale bars: C-E, 500 µm; F, 250 µm.

FIG. 3. — Semitaspongia incompta n in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 3. — Semitaspongia incompta n. sp.; A, holotype, NMNZ POR459 (= SDCC/NZ031); B, paratype SDCC/NZ026; C, paratype SDCC/NZ030; D, holotype, NMNZ POR459 (= SDCC/NZ031), a more regular section of fibre skeleton; E, paratype SDCC/NZ030, detail of the typical irregular fibre skeleton. Note the appearance of the fibres themselves, in contrast to the relatively clear, finely laminated fibres of Scalarispongia scalaris in Fig. 1E; F, holotype, NMNZ POR459 (= SDCC/NZ031), histological detail, showing tracks of choanocyte chambers (upper centre and lower right of photo) through a collagenous deposit. Scale bars: D, E, 500 µm; F, 100 µm.

FIG. 1. — A in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 1. — A, Cacospongia mollior (ex-Topsent collection, Strasbourg), fibre skeleton; B, Cacospongia mollior, showing histological detail; C, Cacospongia serta, holotype, BMNH 1886.8.27.166 (fragment = SDCC/NZ076), fibre skeleton; D, Cacospongia serta holotype, BMNH 1886.8.27.166 (fragment = SDCC/NZ076), detail of fibre skeleton; E, Scalarispongia scalaris (ex-Topsent collection, Strasbourg), fibre skeleton; F, Scalarispongia scalaris, showing histological detail. Scale bars: 500 µm.

FIG. 6. — Semitaspongia pulvinata n in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 6. — Semitaspongia pulvinata n. sp.; A, holotype, NMNZ POR454 (= SDCC/NZ156); B, paratype, SDCC/251; C, fibre skeleton;

FIG. 2. — A in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 2. — A, Cacospongia mollior (Natural History Museum, London, Bowerbank collection 1224). Labels are probably in Bowerbank's handwriting; B, Cacospongia mollior, BMNH 1910.1.1.2467. Labels are probably in Bowerbank's handwriting; C, Scalarispongia scalaris (Natural History Museum, London, Bowerbank collection 1223). Labels are probably in Bowerbank's handwriting; D, Scalarispongia scalaris (Natural History Museum, London, uncatalogued slide). Labels are probably in Bowerbank's handwriting.

FIG. 5. — Semitaspongia nigrachorda n in Two new genera and five new species of the "Cacospongia" group (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

FIG. 5. — Semitaspongia nigrachorda n. sp.; A, top view; B, bottom view, showing dark fibres visible at or near surface; C, fibre skeleton (surface at lower right); D, fibre skeleton; E, fibre skeleton (surface at top left). Scale bars: 500 µm.