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9 results for “Calcium oscillation”
Data from: Nonlinearities between inhibition and T-type calcium channel activity bidirectionally regulate thalamic oscillations
<p>Absence seizures result from 3-5 Hz generalized thalamocortical oscillations that depend on highly regulated inhibitory neurotransmission in the thalamus. Efficient reuptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is essential, and reuptake failure worsens seizures. Here, we show that blocking GABA transporters (GATs) in acute brain slices containing key parts of the thalamocortical seizure network modulates epileptiform activity. As expected, we found that blocking either GAT1 or GAT3 prolonged oscillations. However, blocking both GATs unexpectedly suppressed oscillations. Integrating experimental observations into single-neuron and network-level computational models shows how a non-linear dependence of T-type calcium channel opening on GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor activity regulates network oscillations. Receptor activity that is either too brief or too protracted fails to sufficiently open T-type channels necessary for sustaining oscillations. Only within a narrow range does prolonging GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor activity promote channel opening and intensify oscillations. These results have implications for therapeutics that modulate GABA transporters.</p>
Data from: Nonlinearities between inhibition and T-type calcium channel activity bidirectionally regulate thalamic oscillations
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Organelle calcium-derived voltage oscillations in pacemaker neurons drive the motor program for food-seeking behavior in Aplysia
<p><span>An atypical neuronal pacemaker mechanism, based on rhythmic intracellular calcium store release in an identified pair of interneurons (B63) and resulting oscillation of the neurons' membrane potential, acts as an autonomous releaser for the irregular occurrences of the <span>motor program for food-seeking behavior</span> in Aplysia. The rhythmic variations of the membrane potential in B63 neurons were analyzed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis in a cycle period bandwidth of 512 s to 8 s. The resulting power spectral density periodograms were used to identify oscillation periods of peak magnitude. The periodograms were computed from the FFT frequency spectrograms by converting the frequency band (in Hz) to its reciprocal, period (in secs). These analysis were performed in isolated buccal ganglia preparations bathed in artifical sea water (ASW), in 'Low Ca+Co' saline to block chemical synapses, or in 'Low Ca+Co' saline and after an intracellular injection of organelle membrane calcium channel blocker heparin into either the bilateral B63 or B31 neurons. The oscillations of B63 membrane potential that were recorded in ASW persisted in 'Low Ca+Co', but were suppressed after heparin injection specifically into B63.</span></p>
Phenotypic screening using waveform analysis of synchronized calcium oscillations in primary cortical cultures
<p><span>At present, <em>in</em> <em>vitro</em> phenotypic screening methods are widely used for drug discovery. In the field of epilepsy research, measurements of neuronal activities have been utilized for predicting efficacy of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Fluorescence measurements of calcium oscillations in neurons are commonly used for measurement of neuronal activities, and some anti-epileptic drugs have been evaluated using this assay technique. However, changes in waveforms were not quantified in previous reports. Here, we have developed a high-throughput screening system containing a new analysis method for quantifying waveforms, and our method has successfully enabled simultaneous measurement of calcium oscillations in a 96-well plate. Features of waveforms were extracted automatically and allowed the characterization of some anti-epileptic drugs using principal component analysis. Moreover, we have shown that trajectories in accordance with the concentrations of compounds in principal component analysis plots were unique to the mechanism of anti-epileptic drugs. We believe that an approach that focuses on the features of calcium oscillations will lead to better understanding of the characteristics of existing anti-epileptic drugs and allow prediction of the mechanism of action (MoA) of novel drug candidates.</span></p>
Phenotypic screening using waveform analysis of synchronized calcium oscillations in primary cortical cultures
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Organelle calcium-derived voltage oscillations in pacemaker neurons drive the motor program for food-seeking behavior in Aplysia
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Data from: High cell density upregulates calcium oscillation by increasing calcium store content via basal mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
Calcium releases of non-excitable cells are generally a combination of oscillatory and non-oscillatory patterns, and factors affecting the calcium dynamics are still to be determined. Here we report the influence of cell density on calcium increase patterns of clonal cell lines. The majority of HeLa cells seeded at 1.5 x 104/cm2 showed calcium oscillations in response to histamine and ATP, whereas cells seeded at 0.5 x 104/cm2 largely showed transient and sustained calcium increases. Cell density also affected the response of HEK293 cells to ATP in a similar manner. High cell density increased the basal activity of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and calcium store content, and both calcium oscillation and calcium store content were down-regulated by a MAP kinase inhibitor, U0126. Thus, MAP kinase-mediated regulation of calcium store likely underlie the effect of cell density on calcium oscillation. Calcium increase patterns of HeLa cells were conserved at any histamine concentrations tested, whereas the overexpression of histamine H1 receptor, which robustly increased histamine-induced inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, converted calcium oscillations to sustained calcium increases only at high histamine concentrations. Thus, the consequence of modulating inositol phospholipid metabolism was distinct from that of changing cell density, suggesting the effect of cell density is not attributed to inositol phospholipid metabolism. Collectively, our results propose that calcium increase patterns of non-excitable cells reflect calcium store, which is regulated by the basal MAP kinase activity under the influence of cell density.
Data from: High cell density upregulates calcium oscillation by increasing calcium store content via basal mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
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Homeostatic calcium fluxes, ER calcium release, SOCE, and calcium oscillations in cultured astrocytes are interlinked by a small calcium toolkit
GEO Series GSE166464. Mus musculus. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.